Question 2: China's local *** What is the principle of division of authority? 15 points The principle of the division of authority and expenditure
On the division of central and local financial expenditure, the British financial scholar Bastable put forward the following important principles: (1) the principle of benefit. (2) Principle of action. (3) technical principles.
Comprehensive the above principles of the division of authority and expenditure, and combined with the theoretical basis of the division of authority and expenditure, in general, should be in accordance with the following principles to guide the division of authority and expenditure between the various levels of ***:
(1) National bluff **** products should be provided by the central ***.
(2) Local public **** products enjoyed by local residents should be provided by local ****.
(3) For cross-regional and external public **** projects and works, the central **** should come forward to organize or participate to some extent.
(4) For the problem of differences in income distribution, it should be regulated by higher-level *** roughly, so as to create favorable conditions for narrowing the income gap and improving the effect.
(5) Adhere to the principle of legalization of the division of authority and expenditure.
Question 3: What are the criteria for the division of financial and personnel rights? 事权 事权 shì quán (1). Refers to all kinds of proper dispositions in military command. The name is also used to refer to the military command of a country, which was the subject of an article in the Military Strategy Training": "Chen pawns are correct, the front line is selected, in and out of the club, the shifu wrestling, before and after not twisting, left and right are not related to each other, fewer people receive edges, more people hurt the enemy, this is called the right of affairs." (2). Authority; power. Song? Mei Yaochen (梅尧臣)《送邵郎中知潭州》诗："且谕汉家绥抚厚，莫言湘守事權輕。" Ming Yuan Keli "to the earthquake again warns the疏陈修备实事疏" : "a set of generals, said the two guerrillas of the island of Denglai and Chengshan, Weihai, etc. are critical, it is appropriate to set up a Chin Yi to heavy authority." The Ming history? Foreign biography three? Japan": "Please, as in the past, send a special inspection minister, all the seashore counties, the right to a common, easy to implement the order." Kang Youwei "Datong Shu" C: "In the last hundred years, the power of the common people is rising, such as the system of subordinate to the full release, although there are nobles, monks, and the right to sunset, and the power of the monarch and the substitution." (3) The power of administrative organs to manage administrative affairs in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. "Decentralization"
The specific meaning of the right to affairs, is the right of all levels of *** to the management of state enterprises and business administration, it reflects the division of management functions at all levels of ***, highlighting the administrative affiliation.
The right to finance refers to the financial power to raise and dispose of revenues at all levels of *** as permitted by law, mainly including the right to tax, the right to charge fees and the right to issue debts.
Question 4: the market economy can be categorized into which three types of division of authority The market economy can be categorized into the following three types of division of authority: First, the central enumeration method. By the constitution and other laws separately enumerated the central or federal ***, the local generalization of the remaining rights. According to this way of division, the local authority is more, representing countries such as the United States, Japan. The second is *** with the enumeration method. The law at the same time enumerates the central or federal affairs and local affairs, if there is no enumerated affairs, according to the attributes of the affairs to determine its attribution, representing countries such as Canada. Third, the central presumption law. The law enumerates the local powers, and the unenumerated powers are presumed to belong to the central government. That is, the local enumeration, the central generalization, so the central authority more. Representative countries such as South Africa.
Question 5: Why is the division of "authority" suddenly changed to "financial authority" division? What is the difference Why did the previous division of "authority" change into a division of "financial authority"? What is the difference between the two?
In this regard, on August 25, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance to promote the reform of the division of financial authority and expenditure responsibility between the central and local government, answering reporters' questions, gave an explanation.
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance said, *** between the division of authority is not only related to the division of administrative power, but also involves legislation, justice and other broad public **** service sector, is the concept of "big things right". Our country to improve the socialist market economic system, accelerate the *** functional transformation, promote the rule of law still need a process, the short term comprehensively promote the division of authority and expenditure responsibility reform conditions are not yet mature. Therefore, we chose to start from the financial authority.
Why choose to start from the financial authority? The person in charge of the above gave three reasons.
One is to start from the division of financial affairs to promote the reform has a certain foundation. With China's economic and social development and the expansion of fiscal revenues, *** the ability to provide basic public **** services and the level of protection is also increasing, coupled with *** the accelerated transformation of functions, the division of the central and local fiscal authority has been initially available. The promulgation and implementation of the newly revised Budget Law has also laid a legal foundation for the reform of the division of financial authority and expenditure responsibility between the central and local governments.
Secondly, starting from the division of financial affairs to promote the reform can fundamentally crack the reform and development of the many urgent problems faced. At present, the central and local income division needs to be further rationalized, the central to local special transfer needs to be further cleaned up and integrated, the basic public **** service equalization needs to be vigorously promoted between the regions, the efficiency of the use of financial funds needs to be further improved, these need to be clear *** of the division of financial affairs and the corresponding definition of all levels of *** of the responsibility for expenditures as a prerequisite for the division of financial affairs to start promoting the reform The reform from the division of financial authority can play a "pull one hair and affect the whole body" effect.
Thirdly, starting from the division of financial affairs to promote the reform can lay the foundation and create conditions for the comprehensive promotion of the reform of the division of affairs. The reform of the division of labor involves a wide range of difficulties, can not be accomplished overnight, some mature market countries, the division of labor has experienced hundreds of years of gradual evolution. Financial affairs is an important part of the *** affairs, from the reasonable division of financial affairs to break the ice of the reform of the division of affairs between the central and local authorities, first local and then the whole, not only to grasp the provision of basic public *** services *** core responsibilities, but also for the comprehensive promotion of the reform of the division of affairs to accumulate experience, trip out of the way.
Question 6: Please discuss the current situation of the division of authority between China's *** and its reform ideas The problem is very complex ah, first of all, our country is in the 14th Congress established the reform of the socialist market economy, the 15th Congress established the rule of law and the construction of socialist rule of law, the basic strategy of the State, March 2004 put forward the implementation of the comprehensive promotion of administration in accordance with the law, so far our country has completed the rule of law and rule for the people, and efficient administration. Efficient administration of the 3-part series.
China is a *** multi-party political system, is a centralized country. Similar to France and Japan.
Therefore, China's *** is mainly divided into several aspects: 1, the State Council, which includes more than 20 ministries, more than 20 bureaus, and a few committees, responsible for all walks of life in the country, local *** the management of certain institutions, mainly responsible for the construction of the law, administration, inspection and supervision work. (Specifically you go to Baidu encyclopedia to see it, too much)
2, municipalities and provinces are China's main administrative units, mainly responsible for the comprehensive management of the region, responsible for the province's resource allocation, the introduction of enterprises, administration, etc., the province does not have the right to legal construction, but there are provincial regulations and the construction of the provincial administrative regulations (which must be in accordance with the laws and regulations issued by the State Council). The city and the province, but the city's administrative rules and regulations must comply with the provincial rules and regulations and the State Council.
3, the autonomous region is based on minority populated places, the exercise of autonomy, by the minority people themselves as masters, management of their own internal local affairs. Autonomous regions enjoy the right of national autonomy provided for in the Constitution, regional autonomy law and other laws.
4, SAR Hong Kong and Macao, the implementation of one country, two systems, completely independent of the construction of all laws and administrative law enforcement powers, responsible for the management of the region.
So with reference to the laws and regulations of the State Council, the rights and obligations of local *** are clear. Except for the Special Administrative Region.
There are several issues that need to be elaborated, first of all, the State Council ministries and commissions at the provincial level, municipal level, municipal, county and autonomous regions have offices and branches, responsible for collaborating with the management of the provincial and municipal counterparts, such as the police department, security bureau, social security bureau, education bureau, etc. The local people *** is responsible for the unified management of the local people ***. The local people *** responsible for the unified management and coordination of the work of various departments, according to the level of the incident level by level, for example, especially major criminal cases, and especially major security incidents people *** the main person in charge of the State Council within two hours must be reported to the State Council, the State Council to organize and carry out the work of processing.
Secondly, through the development of China in the past few years, some departments are developing too fast, and some are stagnant, resulting in some problems many departments to regulate, but no department is really responsible for the strange phenomenon. And some departments have too much power, resulting in an extreme waste of resources. For example, a problem as small as a manhole cover is unattended, while a problem as large as a railroad is an extreme waste of resources. While the police system and the safety supervision and inspection system are developing rapidly, health care and education are stagnant.
Finally, the direction of China's reform is that *** determined to implement the separation of government-run organizations, to build a scientific management system, so that each department has a place of responsibility, ruling for the people gradually transitioned to efficient ruling. For example, the Ministry of Railways has been privatized. In accordance with the advanced foreign political system, we can see that the real benign *** not rely on people's awareness of the high and low, but by the scientific nature of the system, so that
An event "1 person is responsible for, 1 person to supervise, many people to supervise the" situation, so that you dare not do not do not do not do not do not do a good job can not be done.
The implementation of free trade, which is *** proposed, the establishment of an autonomous free trade zone in Shanghai, completely free of local restrictions, industry restrictions, completely by the market to determine everything, which completely breaks the economic model of our country, for example, you want to build a house, first of all you have to buy the land, to buy the land you have to ask for money, you need to borrow money from the bank, the bank borrowed money to lend you money *** to say the least, the local *** to say the least, so you have a lot of money, you have to buy the land, you have to buy the land, you have to buy the land, you need to buy the land. *** said count, so you have to go to the *** leadership, to play point and fooled, you began to bid on the land, after a complex and intense bidding process, your winning price is very high, so you build a house on the high cost of building a house, build a house in the process of you and need a lot of cash, but also have to borrow money, so you also have to look for the leadership, as a collateral, take what the low pressure, you may not have so assets, you had to take the house to build as a mortgage! spent so much money on local *** where money began to meet poor and the central government for money, said we doubled the GDP, the development of real estate and industry, benefit the country and the people, etc., where is the central government money? No way the central bank to print money, a print is hundreds of billions, hundreds of billions of print ah. And the real estate business profits are not so big, who has the biggest profits? Local ***! And most of the enterprises are through the mortgage of their own assets so as to survive and the circulation of funds, so the survival of enterprises is not good, so that wages do not go up, prices and soaring, which is the original purpose of the establishment of the free trade zone, the bank is full of private, why do they ...... >>
Question 7: Why should we establish a system that is compatible with the right to do things and the responsibility to spend Hello,
The right to do things reflects the scope and direction of the *** activities, the responsibility to spend is the *** fulfillment of the right to do things of the obligation of the financial expenditure, the establishment of the right to do things and the responsibility to spend the system is to deepen the reform of the fiscal system is an important element.
First of all, the important goal of *** functional transformation is to reasonably define *** rights, which includes reasonably defining the boundaries between *** and the market, society, and clearly defining the scope of *** functions, but also includes the rationalization of *** internal relations, *** management of things that should be managed, regardless of the things that should not be managed.
Secondly, only on the basis of a clear division of *** affairs, a reasonable definition of expenditure responsibilities at all levels ***, in order to scientifically determine the distribution of financial resources between ***, to ensure that all levels of *** to perform the functions of the financial needs of the final realization of the financial resources and affairs of the right to match.
Once again, from the theoretical and practical point of view, based on the scientific definition of *** affairs and the expenditure responsibility determined by it, matching the corresponding tax sources, and ultimately establishing the local tax system with the core of the main taxes at all levels of ***, as well as rationally determining the relationship of financial distribution among all levels of ***, are all an important feature of the sound and perfect financial system of the tax division system.
Question 8: how to divide the powers and responsibilities of the two levels of urban *** Reasonable division of responsibilities between urban *** is an important element of the reform of local *** institutions.
The two levels of *** rights and responsibilities follow the principle:
(a) follow the principle of unity of responsibilities and rights, the scientific configuration of the two levels of urban *** administrative functions
In accordance with the "combination of blocks, block-oriented", or "combination of blocks, with the block turn" principle, improve the ***, the ***, the ***, the ***, the ***, the ***, the ***, the ***, the ***, the ***, the ***, the ***, the *** and the ***.
(b) further rationalize the city and district financial system, so that the district financial and administrative powers are consistent
1, the budget funds, should be re-adjusted in the urban and rural areas of the two levels of financial revenue division, and rationally determine the proportion of the share. In accordance with the principle of "one level of power, one level of authority, one level of finance", on the basis of decentralization, further rationalization of the city, the division of district authority, clear district *** due to the functions and responsibilities, and accordingly adjust the scope of the two levels of financial revenue and expenditure. City and district revenue division system should be simplified, cancel the industrial and commercial system according to the business registration level to the division of the city and district revenue, but according to the principle of territorial management of the division of financial revenue of the districts.
2, extrabudgetary funds, should be unified collection, hierarchical use, and to give the district *** enough to use the initiative. Municipal units directly under the extrabudgetary income mainly includes fee income and administrative income, should be implemented "unified collection, hierarchical use". Fee income is generally *** fund, as a *** specific resources, should be returned to the local *** management and use, and directly under the unit of administrative revenue can be collected by the city *** integrated.
3, the city *** to increase the strength of transfer payments, improve the financial burden between the districts of the bittersweet situation. In terms of administrative expenses and public *** health funds, the city *** to increase the transfer of district-level finances from the city's own revenue, in terms of infrastructure development and education funds, to increase the transfer of payments.
(C) actively rely on the grassroots, the establishment of a good up and down linkage and coordination mechanism
The function of the city to play to a large extent depends on the role of grass-roots organizations, construction, management of the city must also rely closely on grass-roots organizations. First, in the process of urban development and construction, we should widely consult the local ***, grass-roots cadres and masses, and actively attract their participation in the expropriation of land, construction of key projects, planning and development of the district should be timely and local *** and grass-roots organizations to communicate and contact. Secondly, in the *** configuration of resources and the distribution of public power, should be targeted to the district, town level *** tilt, so that the grass-roots *** have the right to speak, have the right to decide whether the power, and strive to neutralize in the grass-roots cadres and the masses of the prestige, and consolidate grass-roots foundations. Third, on the basis of the unified management of the Municipal Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau, give full play to the advantages of grass-roots level, can be explored in the streets, townships and townships to establish the corresponding management of the sub-unit, the implementation of hierarchical management, to play the management of the integrated effectiveness of the management, to ensure that the management of the cityscape and cityscape in place of the law enforcement.
Question 9: The reality of the division of powers between the central and local authorities in the United States now, and what strengths and weaknesses exist Principles of division of powers and expenditures
On the question of the division of the central and local financial expenditures, the British financial scholar Bastable puts forward the following important principles: (1) the principle of benefit. (2) The principle of action. (3) technical principles.
Comprehensively the above principles of the division of rights and expenditures, and combined with the theoretical basis of the division of rights and expenditures, in general, should be in accordance with the following principles to guide the division of rights and expenditures between the various levels of the ***:
(1) National public **** products should be provided by the central ***.
(2) Local public **** products with local residents should be provided by local ****.
(3) For cross-regional and external public **** projects and works, the central **** should come forward to organize or participate to a certain extent.
(4) For the problem of income distribution differences, it should be regulated by the higher-level *** roughly, so as to create favorable conditions for narrowing the income gap and improving the effect.
(5) Adhere to the principle of legalization of the division of authority and expenditure.
Question 10: The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed that we should establish a system that is appropriate for the right to do things and the responsibility for expenditure, and further rationalize the division of income between the central government and local governments, the central government and the C Test analysis: originally, the central government and the local government have overlapping responsibilities, and the division of the right to do things and the responsibility for expenditure is not clear, the central government makes decisions, the local government implements them, and local governments are becoming more and more responsible for the expenditures. A lot of things that should be managed by the central government, the central government did not directly manage, but entrusted the local government to do, but there is no clear division of expenditure responsibility, the right to do things and the responsibility to spend money is not compatible, to varying degrees, in the objective interference with local authority, the local government does not have the financial resources to do a good job of the things that are not suitable for them to do, resulting in administrative efficiency is low. The establishment of a system in which the right to do things and the responsibility for expenditure are compatible is in essence a further adjustment of the relationship between the central and local authorities and the equalization of basic public **** services. It can be seen that item C is consistent with the meaning of the question, can be selected; democratic centralism is the principle of organization and activities of state institutions in China, the establishment of the system of authority and responsibility for expenditures compatible with the principle of China's adherence to the embodiment of the principle of democratic centralism, therefore, item A can not be selected; China's central and local, is not the relationship between the separation and checks and balances, therefore, item D can not be selected; item B is also not consistent with the meaning of the question, so it can not be selected. Therefore, the answer is C.