In view of the economic situation in the first quarter, the government strengthened macro-control in the second quarter to prevent the economy from turning from rapid to overheating. At the same time, policies to transform the mode of economic growth, such as energy conservation and emission reduction, resource conservation and rational utilization, and environmental protection, have been formulated, promulgated and implemented more forcefully. In order to curb the excessive growth of foreign trade exports, the tariff policy has also been adjusted on a large scale.
Facing the situation that the growth rate of fixed investment in non-state-owned sectors is much higher than that of fixed assets investment in the whole society and investment in state-owned sectors, the the State Council executive meeting on April 18 clearly pointed out that it is necessary to "correctly guide the direction of social investment and optimize the investment structure".
As a typical public livelihood issue, the Shanxi Black Brick Kiln incident broke out in the media directly intervened in the specific incident, and at the same time, it once again inspired the central government and the State Council to take a larger overall intervention.
Internationally, trade barriers in developed countries have increased. For example, the EU REACH regulation came into effect in June, which affected almost all China's exports. The United States strictly controls the export of high-tech products to China and so on.
(1) Adjusting labor relations; Promote wage growth. The leaders of the Central Committee and the State Council gave instructions on the Shanxi Black Brick Kiln incident. The executive meeting of the State Council listened to the report of the joint investigation team of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, the Ministry of Public Security and the Federation of Trade Unions. Shanxi Provincial Governor visited the State Council. Relevant illegal owners were investigated for criminal responsibility. The executive meeting of the State Council requested that the whole country should carry out labor inspection focusing on small brick kilns, small coal kilns and small workshops in rural areas, focusing on cracking down on illegal and criminal acts such as child labor, forced labor and malicious injury.
According to the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, in 2007, the labor and social security departments at all levels will start with the establishment of a mechanism to strengthen the regulation and guidance of enterprise wage distribution and promote the normal wage growth of ordinary employees in enterprises. Specific measures: first, promote the implementation of the minimum wage guidance system; The second is to further promote enterprises to establish and improve the collective wage negotiation system; The third is to strengthen government supervision and services; Fourth, strengthen the management of labor standards such as labor quota and working hours; The fifth is to promote the implementation of the hardship post allowance system.
(2) Improve policies and regulations. The Labor Contract Law was passed in the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). Of the 37 supporting documents of "36 Articles on Non-public Economy" in the State Council, 27 have been completed, and item 10 is still being implemented. More than 5,000 regulations and documents inconsistent with "36 articles of non-public economy" were abolished. The government issued "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Reform and Development of Trade Associations and Chambers of Commerce". The bankruptcy law came into effect on June 1. The Measures for the Administration of Partnership Enterprise Registration was promulgated. Relevant departments are actively revising the Catalogue of Foreign Investment-oriented Industries, which may add some industries that restrict the proportion of foreign investment.
(C) to promote small and medium-sized enterprises "transformation on the road". A person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission said that small and medium-sized enterprises should be urged to turn to the track of scientific development and move towards the road of harmonious development. Small and medium-sized enterprises should change from quantity expansion to paying more attention to quality improvement; From extensive growth to paying more attention to sustainable development; Go it alone from small to large, and change to pay more attention to cooperation and matching; From simply pursuing economic benefits to paying more attention to the combination of enterprise benefits and fulfilling social responsibilities.
(4) Expand market access. The State Post Bureau encourages the development of private express delivery industry, and will encourage social funds to invest in express delivery industry, vigorously develop non-state-owned express delivery enterprises and cultivate national express delivery brands.
The Northeast Office of the State Council issued the Three-year Evaluation Report on the Revitalization of Northeast China, which pointed out that by 2006, the proportion of the added value of state-owned and state-controlled enterprises in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang decreased by 1 1.5, 15 and 2 percentage points respectively compared with 2002. The proportion of non-public economy in the total GDP of the three provinces reached 565,438 0.8%, 37% and 37.6% respectively.
(V) Alleviating the financing difficulties of SMEs. Individual and private economic loans accounted for 48.32%. A person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission pointed out that with the efforts of various financial institutions, the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises in China have been alleviated. In addition, according to the data of the central bank, the loan amount of small and medium-sized enterprises has been above 50% of all loan funds in recent years. At the end of 2006, China's individual and private economic loans accounted for 48.32% of the loans of state-owned commercial banks, policy banks, joint-stock commercial banks, city commercial banks and small and medium-sized financial institutions (if loans from foreign-funded enterprises are included, the proportion of non-public economic loans obviously exceeds 50%). These authoritative data once again clarify people's confused views on the difficulty of loans for small and medium-sized enterprises and whether individual and private economies can obtain loans.
The head of the Small and Medium Enterprises Department of the National Development and Reform Commission said that many measures should be taken to solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, such as encouraging commercial banks to develop more financial products that are conducive to financing of small and medium-sized enterprises, encouraging direct financing through the capital market, introducing guarantee management measures, and establishing a credit rating system for small and medium-sized enterprises.
(VI) Northwest China will promote the reform of collective forest right system. Farmers in northeast China are already establishing cooperative organizations. The State Forestry Administration said that it will actively and steadily promote the reform of collective forest right system in northwest China on the basis of fully respecting the laws of nature and farmers' wishes. On the basis of farmers' willingness, the government has been helping them to establish and improve cooperative organizations and improve economic benefits in some places in Northeast China where forest rights reform was earlier.
(seven) special reminder of the safety of "private airlines". The Civil Aviation Administration of China announced the utilization rate of domestic airlines, and especially reminded Jixiang Airlines, Okay Airlines, United Airlines and Xiang Peng Airlines, pointing out that the high daily utilization rate of their aircraft will definitely cause great pressure on flight safety management, which should be paid attention to.
Suggestions and opinions
(1) It is necessary to study and solve the regulation problem of high growth rate of non-state-owned economy. In the first half of the year, non-state-owned industries above designated size rose steadily, surpassing the highest point last year; Investment in fixed assets rebounded in the second quarter. The non-state-owned sector drives the whole economy to hover at a high level, which obviously affects the goal of macro-control. Judging from the situation in recent years, to solve this problem, an old-fashioned problem that needs to be solved is to solve the problems of diversified financing support, uncontrolled grass-roots land and hidden government governance mechanism. Some studies believe that in recent years, the total amount of underground finance and illegal finance in China is about 2.9 trillion. In addition, the financial support of banks has been running at a high level, about half of enterprises' own funds are used for investment, some foreign funds are free to operate, and there are obvious loopholes in grass-roots land management and control, which means that in the actual economic relations and government governance mechanism, macro-control is facing a big blind spot in the field of capital operation and out of control, and there is a prominent information asymmetry problem. The existence of these "black box" phenomena has contributed to the dilemma that macro-control objectives are difficult to achieve in some important aspects.
This is not only a necessary condition for correctly guiding social investment, but also a requirement for fundamentally rationalizing the transmission mechanism of macro-control.
(two) supporting documents on the implementation of the "36 non-public economy". According to the national development and reform commission's plan in 2007, the two key points of implementing the supporting documents of "36 non-public economy" are to solve the problems of financial services and market access. It is suggested that the supporting documents should also highlight a long-standing key issue: speeding up the formulation of social policies to improve the coordination mechanism of labor relations. Only in this way can we form a close economic/social policy supporting mechanism in the development of non-public economy and implement the resolution of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. Let's discuss the frontier issues.
First, the effect, evaluation and goal of financial services. Economics and economic policy research should be quantitative and empirical. However, this kind of research is not good enough for the "loan difficulty" of small and medium-sized enterprises and individual private economy. First, few people believe and use the survey data of the central bank for many years. Because it does not conform to the experience and calculation of some places, it does not conform to the fashion of "difficult loan" in some conferences and media. Second, almost no one seriously compares the data of the central bank with the proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises in all loan funds in major foreign market economies, so as to find out whether it is difficult, how to solve the problem, and to what extent it can meet the international standard. Third, it is often said in some big media that small and medium-sized enterprises and individual and private enterprises can't get loans, which confuses right and wrong. Fourth, it is difficult to see the effect prediction, evaluation and boundary of various efforts of relevant policy departments. For example, when the loans of small and medium-sized enterprises account for more than 50% and the loans of individual and private economy account for more than 48%, how many percentage points can continuous policy efforts help them improve, such as making them account for more than 60%, 70% or even 80%? However, the rationality and reality of this high proportion need careful analysis and responsible policy judgment.
It is suggested that relevant parties study and answer three questions: First, under the current loan ratio of small and medium-sized enterprises and individual private economy, how many percentage points of all loans may be used for small and medium-sized enterprises and individual private economy after further implementing various financial promotion policies? Second, through extensive international comparison, it quantitatively explains how difficult it is for small and medium-sized enterprises in China to obtain loans, or it is not too difficult or close to the maximum possibility. The third is to formulate dual policy objectives to promote small and medium-sized enterprises and individual and private economic and financial services: first, what is the qualitative goal? In a word, did the problem of "difficulty in obtaining loans" for global SMEs first disappear in China, and the bosses of individual and private economies said that it was not difficult to obtain loans, and so on. Secondly, what is the quantitative goal? In other words, what is the appropriate proportion of them in the total loan balance? Of course, the specific quantitative standards should be dynamic, in line with national conditions and internationally comparable. If we do this, we can correctly solve the task of improving financial services proposed in Article 36 of Non-public Economy.
Second, in monopoly industries, it is a unified established policy to relax market access and maintain the control of the state-owned economy. Over the past few years, the State Council has repeatedly made it clear that the state has further relaxed the market access of the non-public economy and allowed non-public capital to enter monopoly industries and fields such as electricity, telecommunications, railways, civil aviation and petroleum, which has opened up new and greater development space for the non-public economy. Judging from the reality of our country, these fields are basically controlled by the state-owned economy, and the state-owned economy will be the main body in the future, which is determined by the nature of our economic system. It is unrealistic for some private investors or spokespersons in the society to repeatedly ask the supporting documents of "36 non-public economy" to break through this principle.
Thirdly, it is suggested that the social policy of improving the coordination mechanism of labor relations should be highlighted in the structural design of the supporting documents of "36 articles of non-public economy" Developing non-public economy is a social problem that will cause great changes in social structure, civil society operation mechanism and national governance mechanism. In the completion of supporting documents, we should attach importance to economic issues, highlight financial services and market access, and attach great importance to the design of relevant social policies. Social policy should be the third key issue to implement the supporting documents of "36 non-public economy". This is the same as the resolution of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee, and it is also a problem mentioned many times in Article 36 of the Non-public Economy. From the perspective of social policy, it is very necessary to improve the coordination mechanism of labor relations, improve the working conditions and income distribution of most workers, and reduce the increasing labor disputes and even conflicts, so as to guide the healthy development of the non-public economy, improve the income distribution in the primary distribution field, and achieve the goal of justice, fairness and harmony in the primary stage of socialism.
The recent black brick kiln incident in Shanxi and the continuous mine accidents in recent years are a bloody warning. In fact, according to media reports, similar incidents have occurred in Beijing, Guangdong, Xinjiang and other places in recent years. Zhejiang has a developed private economy, high regional output value and high per capita income (excluding millions of migrant workers and other migrant workers). However, there are many problems in wages, working conditions and social security of nearly 10 million migrant workers in non-state-owned sectors in Zhejiang, and labor disputes are growing rapidly. There are many cases of child labor, sweatshops, collusion between government and businessmen to "repair" employees who dare to defend their rights, and there are also many cases of mass incidents and bloody conflicts. Zhejiang is not a so-called "flat" social structure in which employees of private enterprises, especially migrant workers, are added. Take Wenzhou as an example. Can several owners with assets of hundreds of millions be "equal" to most workers with a monthly salary of 500-600 yuan without social security? In 2006, the number of labor dispute arbitration cases in Ningbo alone increased by 29.7% over the previous year, much faster than the growth rate of its regional GDP, reaching 6,484. The provincial government and the provincial people's congress face up to the facts and attach great importance to them, but the problem is difficult to solve.
At the national level, not long ago, the documents of the competent government departments also pointed out that the coordination mechanism of labor relations in China is only at the level of "initial formation" and is not complete, resulting in "increasingly prominent contradictions in labor relations", "increasingly sharp contradictions in irregular distribution order" and "labor disputes continue to show a sharp upward trend, and the prevention and handling of labor disputes will still face considerable pressure".
Therefore, it is necessary to attach great importance to the contradiction between labor and capital and the changing trend, and seriously formulate social policies to improve the coordination mechanism of labor relations when formulating the supporting documents of "36 Non-public Economy".
(3) Be alert to the security loopholes in the sky and underground, and further improve the linkage mechanism for managing security accidents. The Civil Aviation Administration of China announced the utilization rate of domestic airlines, especially reminding "private airlines" of safety issues. This issue needs to be highly valued by the government regulatory authorities.
■ Non-state-owned sector investment and high industrial growth rate are the main reasons that affect the rapid growth of fixed assets investment and industries above designated size in the first half of the year. Relevant departments should attach great importance to it and improve the next regulatory policy.
■ More than half of the supporting documents of "36 non-public economy" have been completed. In addition to capital and market access, the third key issue that needs to be highlighted in the supporting documents is to seriously formulate and improve the social policy of the labor relations coordination mechanism in accordance with the resolution of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee. Economic policy should be closely coordinated with social policy.
■ Short-term loans maintained rapid growth. Individual and private economic loans accounted for 48.32%. If the loan amount of foreign-funded enterprises is included, the loan ratio of the non-public economy has exceeded 50%. To measure the service level of finance to the non-public economy, it is necessary to formulate scientific quantitative indicators and be aware of them.
The sudden incident of Shanxi Black Brick Kiln reported by the media once again inspired the central government and the State Council to directly intervene in specific incidents, and at the same time take greater overall actions to intervene in the labor market.
■ The Civil Aviation Administration specially reminded four "private airlines" to ensure safety.
In the first half of 2007, the year-on-year growth rate of fixed assets investment in non-state-owned sectors slowed down; However, compared with the first quarter, the growth rate of investment in the second quarter has rebounded. The growth rate of industrial enterprises above designated size is rising instead of retreating, and continues to improve. Short-term loans maintained rapid growth. The growth rate of imports and exports slowed down.
In the same period, the road map of fixed assets investment and industrial growth above designated size in the whole society is basically consistent with that of non-state-owned sectors. Because the non-state-owned sector accounts for a large proportion of the total economic output and has the fastest growth rate, the change trend of its investment and industrial growth rate is the main reason that affects the change of fixed assets investment and industrial growth rate above designated size in the first half of the year.
In view of the rapid economic growth in the first quarter, the effect of strengthening macro-control measures in the second quarter to prevent the economy from turning from fast to hot is still not obvious. Among them, the goal of "correctly guiding the direction of social investment and optimizing the investment structure" is particularly difficult to achieve, which highlights the decisive influence of non-state-owned departments in realizing the macro-control objectives and needs the relevant government departments to attach great importance to it when perfecting the next step of regulation and control policies.
More than half of the supporting documents for "Article 36 of Non-public Economy" have been completed. The Shanxi Black Brick Kiln incident, the frequent mine accidents over the years and the rapidly rising labor disputes remind the government that in addition to the issues of capital and market access, the supporting documents also highlight a long-standing key issue: according to the resolution of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth CPC Central Committee, seriously formulate and improve the social policy of the labor relations coordination mechanism.
Growth and structure
1-June, the year-on-year growth rate of fixed assets investment in non-state-owned sectors slowed down.
Non-state-owned industries accelerated their growth, exceeding the highest point last year.
The growth rate of import and export of non-state-owned sectors continued to decline.
Short-term loans maintained rapid growth.
In 2006, the number of people employed in the non-state sector increased.
(1)1-June, the year-on-year growth rate of fixed assets investment in non-state-owned sectors slowed down. Compared with the first quarter, the growth rate of investment in the second quarter has rebounded. From June to June, the investment in fixed assets of non-state-owned sectors increased by 29.5%, dropping by 3.3 percentage points, 3.6 percentage points faster than the whole society, 2.5 percentage points faster than state-owned enterprises and 4.2 percentage points faster than June-June. From June to June, 65438, the investment in individual and private economy increased by 42.7% year-on-year, down by 2 percentage points; Collective economic investment increased by 26% year-on-year, falling by 1.6 percentage points; Other economic investment, including foreign investment, increased by 25%, down by 4.8 percentage points. However, compared with the first quarter, the investment in individual and private economy, collective economy and other economies increased rapidly in the second quarter.
By classification and comparison, among various types of non-state-owned economy in June-June, the top four units with year-on-year growth rate of fixed assets investment were: private enterprises (52%), self-employed enterprises (38%), Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan commercial enterprises (32%) and other enterprises (28%). Their growth rate is faster than the 25.9% growth rate of fixed assets investment in the whole society and the 27% growth rate of state-owned enterprises.
In the composition of fixed assets investment in the whole society, the proportion of non-state-owned sectors in June-June was 72.3%. Among them, individual and private economy 19.2%, collective economy 13.5%, and other economies 39.6%.
(2) Non-state-owned industries accelerated their growth, exceeding the highest point last year. From June to June, the added value of non-state-owned industries above designated size increased by 19% year-on-year, accelerating by 0.4 percentage points, 0.5 percentage points faster than all industries above designated size, 5 percentage points faster than state-owned and state-controlled enterprises, 0.2 percentage points higher than June, and the highest growth rate of 18.6% than last year. Among them, foreign-funded enterprises increased by 17.9% year-on-year, and decreased by 1. 1 percentage point; Joint-stock enterprises grew by 20%, accelerating by 1.3 percentage points; The growth of joint-stock cooperative enterprises was 17.7%, accelerating by 0.5 percentage points; Collective enterprises increased by 13%, down by 0. 1 percentage point. During the same period, the growth of all industries above designated size18.5%; Growth of state-owned and state-holding enterprises 14%.
In the composition of industrial added value above designated size calculated at constant prices, the proportion of non-state-owned enterprises is 82.9% (including state-owned holding enterprises). Among them, joint-stock enterprises account for 50.6%, foreign-funded enterprises account for 28. 1%, collective enterprises account for 3. 1%, and joint-stock cooperative enterprises account for1%. After deducting the share of state-controlled enterprises, the proportion of non-state-owned enterprises is 65%, and the proportion of state-owned and state-controlled enterprises is 35%.
(3) The growth rate of import and export of non-state-owned sectors continued to decline. Exports from non-state-owned sectors increased by 29.4% from June to June, dropping by 1.3 percentage points. Imports increased by 19.9%, down by 4. 1 percentage point. The growth rate in the second quarter was also lower than that in the first quarter.
Export by category: foreign-invested enterprises increased by 24.4%, down by 3.3 percentage points; Other enterprises (mainly private enterprises) increased by 50.8%, down by 0.3 percentage points; The growth of collective enterprises was 14.2%, up by 5. 1 percentage point.
Import classification: foreign-invested enterprises increased by 17.8%, down by 5.9 percentage points; Other enterprises (mainly private enterprises) increased by 36.9%, an increase of 0.3 percentage points; Collective enterprises increased by 9.6%.
In the composition of the total value of exports and imports, the proportion of non-state-owned enterprises is 80.9% and 7 1.5% respectively.
(4) Short-term loans maintained rapid growth. Short-term loans obtained by non-state-owned sectors (townships, foreign-funded enterprises and individual and private enterprises) increased by 64.5% year-on-year, with an increase of 45.2 percentage points. Among them, foreign-funded enterprises increased by 60.3%, township enterprises increased by 74.9%, and individual and private enterprises increased by 4 1%.
In the composition of short-term loans, the non-state sector accounts for 13%. Among them, township enterprises accounted for 8.2%, individual and private enterprises accounted for 2.6%, and foreign-funded enterprises accounted for 2.2%.
(V) Growth of employees in non-state-owned sectors in 2006. In 2006, urban and rural employees in non-state-owned sectors increased by 0.9%, and urban employees increased by 5%; They accounted for 9 1.6% and 77.3% of the total number of urban and rural employees and urban employees in that year, respectively, and their proportions increased by 0. 1 and 1 percentage point respectively.
At the same time, relevant industry organizations, federations of industry and commerce, chambers of commerce, enterprise trade unions and consumer associations should also actively participate in the investigation and study of such problems, and formulate rectification measures from the perspectives of industry self-discipline, employer self-discipline, corporate social responsibility, and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of workers and consumers. Because these organizations are all stakeholders.
In recent years, the catastrophic accidents on the ground and underground are shocking for many reasons. After the government strengthened comprehensive management, the situation began to change. However, referring to international experience and the resolution of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee, the government still needs to seriously study how to give full play to the advantages of all stakeholders, integrate their roles, and improve the co-management mechanism of underground accidents. Owners of private airlines should also have a good understanding, cherish development opportunities, fulfill social responsibilities and establish a good corporate citizenship image.