Keywords: agricultural economy, land transfer, government role
First, the current situation and trend of farmland circulation
(A) Current situation of farmland circulation
The right to use rural land is mainly manifested in the right to contracted management of land, that is, the right to use, benefit and limit disposal within a certain period of time. The essence of farmland circulation is the circulation of farmland use right, which refers to the behavior that the contractor separates the limited use right from the contracted management right and transfers it to other farmers or operators on the premise that the contract relationship between farmers and collectives remains unchanged. China's farmland circulation has experienced a process from rural grass-roots organizations to farmers, and then from farmers to other operators. The two stages show two different effects: first, land is a means of production, which is divided from collective ownership to farmers' possession, and farmers get the right to use and produce; Second, land is a kind of capital or commodity with exchange value. In these two stages, land flows among the relevant stakeholders-village collective economic organizations, farmers and transferees, forming three subjects of optimal allocation of resources. Objectively, it is required to standardize land flow and adjust the interests among them according to the market system, which has played a positive role in deepening rural land reform and accelerating the process of agricultural industrialization, rural industrialization and township urbanization.
Since 1990s, great changes have taken place in the micro-foundation and macro-environment of the household contract responsibility system. Especially due to the low prices of agricultural products and the low comparative benefits of agriculture, more and more farmers go out to work and do business, and the phenomenon of abandoned agricultural land has appeared in many areas, and the abandoned area is expanding day by day. In order to solve the problem of agricultural land abandonment, implement scale operation and improve agricultural economic benefits, farmers in various places spontaneously transfer the right to use agricultural land through exchange, subcontracting and transfer. In recent years, the development momentum of agricultural land circulation has obviously accelerated, which has effectively promoted rural economic and social development. According to statistics, in China 1990, the farmland transferred in various forms accounted for about 4%-5% of the total contracted land area, reaching 7.7% in 2000, and now it has reached more than 10%.
The situation of farmland circulation in Zhejiang Province is more representative. According to the statistics of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Agriculture, by the end of 2006, 2.09 million farmers in the province had transferred 3.93 million mu of farmland, accounting for 22% of the household contracted households in the province and 19.8% of the total contracted farmland. In the process of farmland circulation, all parts of Zhejiang Province have innovated six circulation methods from the reality:
One is paid subcontracting. Within the collective economic organization, the contracted farmers subcontract the land management right to a third party within the remaining years, and retain the contracting right themselves. The contractor has the right to use, and the two parties sign a contract to clarify their rights and obligations. In 2006, about 50.7% of the circulating farmland in Zhejiang Province adopted this method.
The second is owner leasing. Collective economic organizations or contracted farmers lease land use rights to owners outside the village community to engage in agricultural development, sign lease agreements and pay rent. In 2006, 33% of the whole province's farmland circulation area adopted this method.
The third is seasonal circulation. According to the production season, a piece of farmland can be planted by different contractors in different seasons, and this circulation mode is changing from spontaneous circulation to orderly circulation. For example, some farmers in Longyou County only plant late rice in one season, and transfer the planting right of early rice to large grain growers, who provide farmers with free machine tillage, seedling raising and preferential price machine cutting for late rice.
Fourth, agricultural land swap. In order to facilitate management, contracted farmers exchange the right to use contracted land, so as to solve the contradiction that individual contractors are unwilling to transfer farmland or contiguous land. Changjie Town, Ninghai County has set the contracted farmland as two areas, one of which is a self-growing area contracted by farmers who are unwilling to transfer; One area is the investment promotion area, which is contracted by farmers who are willing to transfer, and centralized and unified external leasing to ensure the transfer of agricultural land.
Fifth, agricultural land shares. The farmers' contracted land management rights will be quantified as shares, which will be managed by the village or contracted out to companies and large-scale enterprises, and the village economic cooperatives will distribute the income from land management rights at the end of the year according to the shares. At the end of 2006, Duchuanqiao Village, Huanggu Town, pinghu city, established the agricultural land joint-stock cooperative, which distributed 80% of the net operating income to households by shares, and contracted farmers achieved good agricultural land income.
Sixth, agricultural land trusteeship. Agricultural land trust service centers have been set up at the county, town and township levels, and the village level is specifically responsible for agricultural land trust services. More than 4,300 villages in the province have established agricultural land transfer organizations.
At the same time of local circulation, there has also been cross-provincial circulation in Zhejiang Province. For example, Ruoheng Watermelon Cooperative in Wenling participated in farmland transfer in five provinces and established 12 watermelon bases; Chen Dingyou, a farmer from Wenling City, went north to Heilongjiang to contract agricultural land and engage in grain production. According to statistics, in 2005 alone, there were 340,000 households and 1 12 1 enterprises in the province, and 7.85 million mu of agricultural land was transferred in other provinces, equivalent to one third of Zhejiang province.
(B) the development trend of farmland circulation
1, the circulation behavior changes from folk spontaneous to orderly circulation. At present, the behavior of farmland circulation in various places is gradually becoming rational, and it has begun to change from spontaneous dispersion of one household to organized and planned orderly circulation. In order to promote the orderly circulation of agricultural land, local agricultural land management organizations have made effective explorations in the standardized management of circulation. For example, in the aspect of registration management, formulate hierarchical management methods, standardize operating procedures, and do a good job in legal policy consultation on agricultural land transfer; In the aspect of contract management, the text of agricultural land transfer contract is uniformly issued, special contract files are set up, and the review, authentication and guidance of contract contents are strengthened; In the aspect of procedure management, it is clearly stipulated that the transfer of agricultural land involving the interests of farmers in the whole village needs to be approved by the villagers' representative meeting, and the transfer contract must be filed by the village economic cooperative and signed by the township contract management Committee.
2. The subject of circulation has changed from a single farmer to multiple subjects. With the adjustment of agricultural structure and the development of benefit agriculture, some major agricultural households have expanded their scale, and new major households have emerged constantly. At the same time, a number of new agricultural production and management entities have emerged, and agricultural enterprises, professional cooperative economic organizations and scientific and technological personnel have become new forces in the contractual management right of leased farmland.
3. The business content has evolved from mainly growing grain to developing efficient agriculture. With the diversified development of the main body of farmland circulation, the management content of farmland has gradually evolved from grain-growing to efficient agriculture. Through the guidance of agricultural enterprises to build bases, the raw material base for agricultural products processing is established by the mode of "company+base+farmer" and development orders; By actively cultivating large-scale farmers and cooperative economic organizations, we will promote the cultivation of cash crops and form a modern agricultural production base.
4. The pricing mechanism has changed from relatively random to market pricing. Local governments actively explore the construction of information platform for farmland circulation, investigate and collect information materials such as supply, demand and market price of farmland circulation through various channels, and make statistics, analysis and prediction, and then release the dynamic situation of farmland circulation through certain carriers to provide effective information services for farmers to transfer land, and the price of farmland circulation gradually changes from the initial free or arbitrary pricing to the market-oriented paid circulation.
5. The government behavior changes from acquiescence to active guidance. At the beginning of farmland circulation, some local governments and cadres thought that farmland circulation lacked the support of laws and regulations, was difficult to operate, and was prone to contradictions and disputes, and held an attitude of not supporting, encouraging or restricting in their work. With the benefits of agricultural land circulation for agricultural efficiency, farmers' income and rural stability gradually emerging, local governments and cadres have gradually raised their awareness, deepened their understanding of agricultural land circulation, summed up their experience in time, actively strengthened their guidance on agricultural land circulation, and actively created conditions for agricultural land circulation.
Second, the practical significance of accelerating the transfer of agricultural land
The accelerated circulation of agricultural land use rights has effectively promoted the adjustment of agricultural structure, the innovation of agricultural management system, the progress of agricultural science and technology, better solved various disadvantages of small-scale and decentralized agricultural management, and promoted agricultural efficiency and farmers' income. The circulation of agricultural land use right has become a core link in promoting agricultural industrialization and a revolution in the development of agriculture and rural economy.
(A) promoting the transfer of agricultural land is a realistic need to speed up the adjustment of agricultural structure.
It is difficult to adjust the agricultural structure in a decentralized small-scale operation. What farmers plant and raise is very blind and passive, and depends on the guidance of the government to a great extent, which also brings a series of problems. After the transfer of large-scale farmland use right, the main body of agricultural management has changed. Agricultural land is mainly concentrated in large professional households, agricultural enterprises and rural professional cooperative organizations, and they organize production according to market principles, which makes agricultural land resources change from low-efficiency production of grain, cotton and oil to high-efficiency production of famous and excellent products, which has played a positive role in promoting agricultural structure adjustment.
(B) Promoting the circulation of agricultural land is an effective way to solve the problem of insufficient agricultural input.
Decentralized management from house to house can't have a big investment in agriculture. A large number of farmland circulation requires both large-scale farmland consolidation and a large amount of investment in agricultural infrastructure construction. With the in-depth implementation of the circulation of agricultural land use rights, agricultural land is mainly operated by large households and agricultural enterprises with high management level and economic strength, thus increasing the investment in agriculture.
(C) Promoting the circulation of agricultural land is an important measure to improve the level of agricultural science and technology.
The circulation of agricultural land use rights has created conditions for the in-depth implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating agriculture through science and technology, promoted and applied a large number of advanced and applicable new agricultural technologies, new achievements and new varieties, and completed the "last mile" of agricultural science and technology popularization, further highlighted the brand advantages of agricultural products, further enhanced the scientific and technological content, and further enhanced their popularity and market competitiveness. At the same time, relying on leading agricultural enterprises and agricultural products bases, the pace of introducing various professional and technical talents has been accelerating, thus effectively improving the level of agricultural science and technology.
(D) Promoting the circulation of agricultural land is an objective need to promote agricultural scale management.
Farmland circulation not only better meets the requirements of farmers to engage in non-agricultural industries, but also meets the desire of large professional households, industrial and commercial owners and business people with technical expertise, financial strength and operational ability to intensively manage farmland. Through the transfer of farmland, the contracted management rights are gathered in large households and agricultural enterprises, forming a contiguous professional scale operation, overcoming the limitations of small-scale family operation, thus guiding farmers to connect with the market in an orderly manner and moving towards specialization, commercialization and modernization. At the same time, with the promotion of a series of effective agricultural business models such as "company+cooperative+base+farmer", various agricultural cooperative organizations and agricultural industry associations have been established like mushrooms after rain, and the degree of agricultural organization has also been greatly improved.
(E) Promoting the transfer of agricultural land is an inevitable requirement for accelerating the transfer of rural labor force.
The circulation of farmland use right makes it possible for rural labor force to transfer to non-agricultural industries continuously and steadily. More and more farmers transfer farmland use right, which realizes employment transfer and broadens the channels for farmers to increase their income. The transfer of agricultural land use right makes farmers get a considerable rent, and farmers get a higher transfer fee than their own business. At the same time, after the transfer of agricultural land, many farmers have been transformed into industrial workers, so that many farmers have found employment channels without leaving their homes and obtained double income from transfer fees and labor wages.
Three, Ninghai County to promote the basic practice and experience of agricultural land transfer
In recent years, under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development and the guidance of market economy, Ninghai County has actively promoted the circulation of contracted management right of agricultural land, and gradually established a "five self-control and one control" circulation mode of "farmers' voluntary participation, free choice of methods, independent operation of enterprises, market self-regulation, government's conscious service and moderate scale control".
(A) Ninghai to promote the basic practice of farmland circulation
1, carry out farmland consolidation and create conditions for farmland circulation. In recent years, Ninghai county regards farmland consolidation and comprehensive development as a basic work to carry out farmland circulation, effectively strengthens capital investment and actively promotes the construction of standard farmland, thus creating conditions for farmland circulation and large-scale development. According to statistics, since 1998, the county has invested 220 million yuan in agricultural land development and consolidation, completed 100 agricultural land consolidation projects, with the consolidation area reaching188,600 mu, built standard farmland145,600 mu, and added 2./kloc. 235 agricultural land development projects have been completed, with an additional 22,300 mu of cultivated land, and standard farmland has been built, which has greatly improved the farmland infrastructure and attracted large farmers, leading agricultural enterprises and other business entities to participate in agricultural land circulation.
2. Cultivate business entities and expand farmland circulation channels. First, guide agricultural enterprises to build bases. All kinds of agricultural enterprises in Ninghai County have established 67,000 mu of raw material bases such as broccoli, pickled mustard tuber, cabbage, etc. through farmland circulation, with the mode of "company+base+farmer" and development orders. The second is to guide large farmers and economic cooperation organizations to carry out scale operations. Large farmers and economic cooperation organizations in the county have carried out centralized and contiguous breeding through farmland circulation, with the circulation area reaching 1 1.7 million mu. The third is to encourage industrial and commercial enterprises to invest in efficient agriculture. Industrial and commercial enterprises actively participate in farmland circulation and base construction and development. For example, Ningbo Jiufeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. has transferred 700 mu of farmland from farmers and planted fruits and vegetables in supermarkets. So far, the county's industrial and commercial enterprises have completed the base demonstration project with an investment of 60 million yuan. According to statistics, by the end of 2005, the area of farmland transfer in Ninghai involving subjects other than farmers was more than 80,000 mu, accounting for about one third of the total transfer area.
3. Innovate the circulation form and improve the actual effect of farmland circulation. Ninghai County, based on the reality and on the basis of voluntariness, boldly innovated and carried out various forms of farmland circulation. The first is to carry out entrusted subcontracting. Farmers entrust the management right of agricultural land to village economic cooperatives, which uniformly contract it to large households or agricultural enterprises, covering an area of 97,400 mu. The second is self-subcontracting. Farmers subcontract the contracted land to relatives and friends for farming through private consultation or oral agreement, covering an area of 32,700 mu. The third is leasing. Farmers lease farmland to agricultural enterprises, large-scale enterprises and industrial and commercial enterprises, and the lessee pays rent to the lessor, covering an area of 32,000 mu. The fourth is to implement joint-stock cooperation. Farmers' land contracting rights will be quantified as shares by village collectives, and agricultural land will be uniformly managed by villages or contracted out to companies and large-scale enterprises for operation. Village cooperatives will distribute the income from agricultural land operation at the end of the year according to shares, with an area of 1. 1 10,000 mu. In addition, the farmland exchange system has been established in all parts of Ninghai, and the circulation area has reached 2.3 1 10,000 mu, which has promoted the farmland circulation in pieces.
4. Improve the circulation mechanism and provide farmland circulation guarantee. The first is to standardize the management of farmland circulation. We will improve the agricultural contract management committee, establish a review system and a file management system for the transfer of agricultural land management rights, and formulate corresponding standardized operating procedures, stipulating that agricultural land transfer contracts must be filed by village economic cooperatives and authenticated by township contract management committees. Establish a risk prevention mechanism in the process of centralized transfer of agricultural land to large households, so as to avoid industrial and commercial enterprises or non-agricultural personnel from arbitrarily leasing farmers' contracted land for a long time to engage in extensive management. The second is to strengthen agricultural land transfer services. Establish a service platform for agricultural land transfer, and provide various services for farmers such as policy consultation, information provision and contract signing before and after the transfer. The third is to establish a policy guidance mechanism. A series of policy opinions were issued to encourage the transfer of agricultural land management rights, industrial and commercial enterprises to invest in agriculture, and leading enterprises to build agricultural raw material bases. Every year, 3% of the net income of land transfer fees was extracted, which was mainly used to improve the infrastructure of the base and support the development of agricultural professional cooperative organizations and large-scale business households, and the procedures and taxes for the transfer and development of agricultural land were simplified and reduced, and100000 yuan was allocated for the transfer of agricultural land management rights every year. Increase the capital of county agricultural guarantee centers, strengthen the construction of agricultural credit guarantee mechanism, and actively create conditions for commercial and financial credit funds to be invested in farmland circulation.
(B) Ninghai's main experience in promoting farmland circulation
Based on many years' working practice in Ninghai, the author deeply feels that Ninghai has made such great achievements in farmland circulation, which is entirely the result of the cadres and the masses' serious follow of the scientific path of understanding-practice-re-understanding-re-practice and creative work. From the experience of Ninghai, at least the following aspects are worth learning:
1, we must resolutely implement and flexibly use the party's rural policy on the premise of stabilizing the household contract management policy. It is the cornerstone of the party's rural policy to implement a two-tier management system based on family management and combining unification with separation. In the process of promoting farmland circulation in Ninghai County, the premise of stabilizing land contract relationship is everywhere, and we insist on doing things according to law, not engaging in forced circulation, ensuring land ownership and stabilizing land contract relationship. At the same time, policies and measures adapted to local conditions were adopted, a flexible and effective circulation mechanism was established, and various forms of circulation were used flexibly to invigorate the right to contracted management of land, which not only ensured the implementation of the party's rural policy, but also promoted the development of agricultural productivity and created a new situation in agriculture and rural work.
2. It is necessary to accelerate the stable economic development and promote the circulation of agricultural land in a timely manner. Promoting the stable circulation of agricultural land depends on accelerating economic development and improving productivity. According to the analysis of relevant experts, the healthy and stable circulation of agricultural land needs the following five basic conditions: first, the Engel coefficient of rural population is below 45%; Second, the ratio of agricultural output value to total social output value is less than10%; Third, rural non-agricultural income is above 75%; Fourth, the number of rural laborers engaged in non-agricultural labor is more than 50%; Fifth, the economic crop area accounts for more than 30% in the agricultural planting structure. If the above points mentioned by experts are the necessary conditions to promote the circulation of agricultural land in a place, then Ninghai County, as a relatively developed area along the eastern coast of Zhejiang Province, has fully met the above conditions, and Ninghai's practice has also proved this point. The farmland circulation in Ninghai has experienced a gradual development process. At first, due to the low level of regional economic development, the farmland circulation was limited to a small area. In recent years, with the rapid development of county economy, it is possible for a large number of farmers to get rid of the "one acre and three points" farmland, and the current large-scale farmland circulation is possible. Therefore, the transfer of agricultural land must proceed from the reality of local economic development, guide and promote it in a timely manner, and avoid rushing headlong into it regardless of conditions.
3. Be sure to take the principle of "voluntariness and efficiency" and fully respect the wishes of the masses. To promote the transfer of agricultural land, we should conform to the development needs of the peasants, respect their initiative spirit, sum up their practical experience in time, and rise to a rational level to guide our work. First, we must adhere to the voluntary principle. The right to transfer farmland is truly given to farmers, who can choose the object, method and conditions of transfer independently. No unit or organization can forcibly deprive farmers of their land use rights against their wishes, and the guidance and service of the government must take the wishes of the masses as the premise and guarantee. The second is to adhere to the principle of efficiency. Taking increasing farmers' income as the fundamental starting point, according to the differential of farmland, according to the actual market price and the necessary guarantee cost of losing farmland, the basic price of farmland circulation is reasonably determined to ensure that farmers can obtain more income than their own cultivated farmland through the transfer of contractual management rights, so that farmers can benefit from farmland circulation.
4. Be sure to take government guidance as the guarantee, and give full play to the government's boosting role in farmland circulation. In the process of farmland circulation, government departments at all levels in Ninghai County resolutely withdrew from the farmland circulation market, changed coercion into guidance, changed intervention into service, and were neither offside nor absent. First, the policy opinions on farmland circulation are issued, and the principles, scope and forms of farmland circulation are specified in detail to protect farmers' rights and interests. The second is to formulate and strictly implement the overall land use planning, control the structure of farmland circulation, grasp the dynamic balance of farmland circulation, and guide the direction of farmland flow. Third, gradually improve the pricing system of agricultural land transfer, provide price guidance and reference, and scientifically and reasonably determine the compensation standard and benefit distribution ratio of agricultural land transfer. The fourth is to formulate preferential policies to actively attract and support leading agricultural enterprises and large-scale breeding households to carry out large-scale management and development of transferred farmland. Fifth, according to the development needs of agricultural industrialization, we should promote the circulation of agricultural land in a planned and step-by-step manner, prevent laissez-faire or rush headlong into action, and ensure the orderly progress of the circulation of agricultural land.
(C) the main problems in promoting farmland circulation in Ninghai
According to the survey, there are also some problems and deficiencies in promoting farmland circulation in Ninghai at present, mainly in the following aspects:
1, and the proportion of scale circulation is relatively small. It is an objective requirement for the construction of new countryside and the development of modern agriculture to promote the moderate scale operation of agriculture and improve the level of agricultural production and operation. Farmland circulation may not necessarily promote agricultural scale operation, and the basic premise of moderate agricultural scale operation is farmland scale circulation. Over the years, great achievements have been made in the farmland circulation in Ninghai. At present, the total circulation area of the county has reached 285,000 mu, but the local circulation scale is small, most of the circulation area is below 100 mu, and many farmland circulation is carried out by farmers, which affects the agricultural scale operation and has a big gap with the requirements of modern agricultural development.
2. The carrier of farmland circulation is absent. Farmland circulation must have a transaction carrier to provide places, information and rules for both parties to the transaction. At present, most towns and villages have not yet formed a real circulation market, and it is difficult for farmers who want to transfer out to find suitable targets for a while, while large and capable operators suffer from time-consuming and laborious negotiations with one household and cannot guarantee contiguous scale development. With the improvement of rural productivity and the development of secondary and tertiary industries in urban and rural areas, more and more farmland will enter the market. If the carrier of farmland circulation is not established as soon as possible, farmers will still exchange it accidentally, directly and blindly, which will inevitably increase the transaction cost of farmland circulation, affect the speed, scale and benefit of farmland circulation, and then affect the optimal allocation of farmland resources.
3. The intermediary service system of farmland circulation is backward. Judging from the situation in Ninghai, although various places have established the service platform of farmland circulation, due to various factors, it is still difficult for some rural farmland circulation institutions to play their functional roles. However, due to the limitations of their own quality, it is difficult for farmers to independently complete the whole process of agricultural land transfer, especially some professional links, such as evaluating the value of agricultural land use rights and signing transfer contracts, which need the services of intermediaries. Due to the inadaptability between the demand of farmers and the supply of the government, the information flow between the supply and demand sides of agricultural land is blocked, which affects the effective circulation of agricultural land to some extent.
4. There is instability after farmland circulation. On the one hand, with the adjustment of national policies and the rising prices of agricultural products, farmers' enthusiasm for land investment has been stimulated, and there have been cases of competing for contracted land, returning land to circulation, and demanding higher circulation prices. On the other hand, although the county economy is generally developed, there are still some farmers whose transfer employment is insufficient and unstable. They still regard the contracted land as a "survival field" for survival, an "insurance field" for old-age care and a "sideline field" for employment, and they are unwilling to leave the contracted land, which hinders the centralized and contiguous farmland circulation. Therefore, the circulation of agricultural land has been relatively stagnant and the phenomenon of counter-current turning into a symptom. We should look at this phenomenon dialectically. Farmland circulation is the inevitable result of the improvement of productivity and the inevitable requirement of further liberation of productivity. There are many contradictions in the process of circulation, which is the objective law of development. It is not excluded that farmland is relatively stable or even counter-current because of the fluctuation of macroeconomic operation cycle and the repeated behavior of some farmers.
Four, to speed up the establishment and improvement of agricultural land circulation system.
(A) to effectively regulate the management system of agricultural land transfer
1, strengthen the management of farmland transfer procedures. After the parties to the agricultural land transfer reach an agreement through equal consultation, the two parties shall sign a written contract and report it to the township agricultural contract management institution for review, visa and registration. Clarify the main position of farmers in the transfer of agricultural land, and prohibit village-level organizations from signing transfer contracts instead of farmers or beyond farmers. For the circulation contract of obviously unfair with unclear contract terms, we should guide both parties to sign a new contract through persuasion and guidance and balance of interests. Timely put forward rectification or rectification opinions on illegal circulation procedures, and order rectification within a time limit if rectification is ineffective.
2. Strengthen the management of farmland transfer registration. Registration and filing according to the prescribed procedures can enhance the farmers' sense of security and expand the scale of farmland circulation, and at the same time enable the government to grasp the actual situation of farmland circulation and formulate correct policies and measures. All localities should earnestly strengthen the management of farmland transfer registration, and can make such a rigid stipulation that the transfer contract will not have legal effect if it is not examined, signed and registered by the relevant institutions.
3. Strengthen the management of farmland transfer contract. Contract files are the original text basis of farmland circulation and must be properly managed. Local agricultural contract management institutions review, issue visas and guide the contents of the transfer contract to improve the compliance of the contract; Unified issuance of circulation contract text, improve the standardization of the contract; Set up special contract file management counters and special management personnel, improve the filing, filing and access of circulation contracts, and improve the security and confidentiality of contracts.
(B) actively cultivate the agricultural land transfer market system
1, improve the agricultural land transfer service platform. Further improve the three-level intermediary service network of county-level agricultural land transfer service center, township-level agricultural land transfer service station and village-level agricultural land transfer service group, establish agricultural land transfer information base, and carry out information consultation, evaluation and co-sponsorship procedures. Strengthen the service functions of relevant government departments, establish a fixed-point contact system with the demand subjects of agricultural land scale transfer, and give priority to providing technical training, information consultation and other services for leading agricultural enterprises and professional cooperative organizations. To strengthen the service function of grass-roots organizations, township people's governments, village economic cooperatives and agricultural land circulation service organizations should actively provide circulation supply and demand information, policy consultation, contract signing guidance and circulation coordination services for both parties.
2. Establish the information network of farmland circulation. Establish a county-level agricultural land transfer information platform, so that the majority of farmers and operators interested in investing in agriculture can obtain reliable information in time and accurately, communicate with each other between the supply and demand sides of the market, and effectively solve the problems of poor information and poor allocation of agricultural land transfer. The agricultural land circulation information platform can set up sections such as agricultural land transfer, transfer, and policy propaganda according to local conditions. The transfer-out information section mainly publishes information about the transfer of agricultural land contractual management rights, the transfer-in information section mainly publishes information about the intention of transferring agricultural land contractual management rights, and the policy propaganda section is mainly used to introduce relevant policies, laws and regulations.
3. Establish the regulation mechanism of farmland circulation. Governments at all levels should make appropriate restrictions on the scale of farmland circulation and set reasonable conditions, not only to prevent the excessive concentration of farmland use rights, so as to adjust the monopoly and injustice in the process of farmland circulation, but also to prevent the change of use.
(C) to speed up the construction of agricultural land transfer promotion system
1, vigorously cultivate large-scale business entities. We should take practical and effective measures to cultivate a group of new farmers with modern management concepts, improve their ability to carry out scale management, and make them the main force to promote the scale transfer of agricultural land; Support the development of a number of leading agricultural enterprises and agricultural professional cooperative organizations, and encourage them to establish their own agricultural production bases through farmland transfer; Encourage industrial and commercial enterprises to actively participate in the transfer of agricultural land, invest in the development of beneficial agriculture and develop agricultural products.
2, efforts to promote the transfer of employment of farmers. The first is to expand the employment space for rural labor transfer. Vigorously develop rural secondary and tertiary industries, further promote agricultural industrialization, actively promote rural urbanization, and promote the transfer of rural labor to secondary and tertiary industries. The second is to establish and improve the labor employment service system led by the government, supplemented by social intermediaries, and form a multi-form, multi-level and guaranteed labor export pattern. The third is to strengthen the training of rural labor force. Innovate training forms, integrate training resources, widely implement rural labor transfer training projects, and strive to improve the employability and level of rural labor.
3. Strengthen rural social security. Without a sound social security system, it is impossible to fundamentally enhance farmers' sense of security and their ability to avoid market risks, and the process of rural land market development will also be seriously hindered. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a multi-level rural social security system as soon as possible, including rural minimum living security, social insurance, serious illness relief, children's education, protection of migrant workers, etc., and gradually weaken the welfare and social insurance functions of agricultural land to solve the worries of land transferers.
(D) Improve the system of policies and regulations on farmland transfer.
1, revise land management regulations as soon as possible. On the issue of farmland circulation, there are contradictions between the current Land Management Law and the Rural Land Contract Law. Article 15 of the Land Management Law stipulates: "If the land collectively owned by farmers is contracted by units or individuals other than the collective economic organizations, it must be approved by more than two-thirds of the members of the villagers' meeting or two-thirds of the villagers' representatives and reported to the township people's government for approval." Articles 32 and 34 of the Rural Land Contract Law clearly stipulate: "The land contractual management right obtained through household contract can be transferred by subcontracting, leasing, exchange, transfer or other means according to law, and the contractor has the right to decide independently whether the land contractual management right is transferred or not according to law." Thus, it is necessary to make appropriate amendments to the Land Management Law.
2. Formulate relevant laws and regulations on farmland circulation. At present, the legal provisions on rural land circulation are scattered in the Land Management Law and the Rural Land Contract Law, which are not systematic. 200 1 year1February, the central government issued the Notice of the Central Committee on Doing a Good Job in the Circulation of Farmers' Contracted Land Use Rights, which was more specific, but did not rise to the legal level. Therefore, it is urgent to study and formulate relevant laws and regulations, confirm and protect the legal basis of rural land contractual management right, and make a clear and systematic definition of the connotation, form, operation procedure, supervision and control and corresponding legal consequences of rural land circulation.
3. Formulate relevant laws to protect the right to contracted management of agricultural land. This law should clearly stipulate: first, the collective land contractual management right owned by farmers is a kind of property right obtained by farmers in the form of contracts, so as to realize the real right of contractual management right; Second, farmers have the right to possess, use, give, auction, transfer, lease, inherit and share in accordance with the law, so as to realize the clarity of the content of the contractual management right; Third, can we consider canceling the current 30-year contract period limit to realize the permanence of the contractual management right?
References:
1, Tian Ye: Rural Land Circulation in China: Current Situation, Problems and Countermeasures;
2. Shao Shuhui: A Preliminary Study on the Dynamic Mechanism of Land Transfer;
3. Liu Ying: Thoughts on Rural Land Circulation;
4. Liu Li: The Function Orientation and Role of the Government in Foreign Land Transfer Transactions;
5. Li Yabiao: Mode and Dilemma of Farmland Circulation in Zhejiang;
6. Research Group of Liaoning Provincial Government Development Research Center: Choice of Land Transfer Mode.