For the value-added tax that can be refunded upon demand, refunded first, and refunded first, the current accounting regulations should be reflected through the accounting subject of "subsidy income". The "subsidy income" account belongs to the income statement, but the economic business reflected in this account is only reflected in the income statement, and there is no balance at the end of the period. There is no "subsidy income" item in the income statement, which can be reflected in the "other business profits" item.

02. Handling of income tax payable by the tax bureau.

(1) adjustment of income tax payable

Debit: previous year's profit and loss adjustment

Loan: Taxes payable-Income tax payable

(2) Transfer the balance of "previous year's profit and loss adjustment" to profit distribution.

Debit: profit distribution-undistributed profit

Credit: adjustment of profit and loss in previous years

(3) When paying taxes

Borrow: taxes payable-income tax payable

Loans: bank deposits

For the enterprise income tax of previous years, when compiling the income statement, it is reflected by the item of "adjustment of profit and loss of previous years".

03. Accounting treatment of promotional items

Give some goods to consumers at the purchase price during the promotion.

Small-scale taxpayers:

Borrow: non-operating expenses

Loans: Goods in stock

Taxes payable-VAT payable

04. The purchase of goods occurred before receipt, after payment or the invoice did not arrive.

Borrow: raw materials

Credit: accounts payable-estimated accounts payable

Write off in red at the beginning of next month;

After receiving the ticket:

Borrow: raw materials

Taxes payable-VAT payable (input tax)

Credit: accounts payable

05. Accounting treatment of agent export

1) at the time of receiving and exporting.

Borrow: consignment goods

Loan: payment for consignment goods.

2) For export sales, it shall be calculated according to the actual selling price.

Debit: bank deposits (accounts receivable, etc. )

Credit: accounts payable

At the same time, carry forward the cost of goods sales.

Borrow: consignment goods

Loan: Consigned goods.

3) Return the payment for export commodities and calculate the commission income.

Debit: accounts payable

Loan: purchasing income (fee income)

bank deposit

4) Acting as import agent

(1) When receiving the acquisition funds from the entrusting unit,

Debit: bank deposit

Credit: accounts payable

(2) When paying the payment for the purchase of imported goods and the transportation and miscellaneous fees.

Borrow: commodity procurement (procurement cost)

Accounts receivable (prepaid freight and miscellaneous fees)

Loans: bank deposits

(3) When the purchased goods are handed over to the entrusting party and the fee income is settled.

Debit: accounts payable

Credit: commodity procurement (procurement cost))

Accounts receivable (prepaid freight and miscellaneous fees)

Agency sales revenue (agency fee)

When returning the overpaid purchase money from the entrusting unit,

Debit: accounts payable

Loans: bank deposits

When analyzing financial statements, some things are often overlooked, but these seemingly unimportant or troublesome things determine the quality and credibility of the analysis.

In the analysis of financial statements, some problems that are often easily overlooked but should be paid attention to:

1. Check whether the accounting policies of the analyzed company have changed, such as changing the inventory valuation method from weighted average method to LIFO method; Is the error correction large? For example, Wuliangye's 2009 annual report will adjust accounting errors by 654.38 billion yuan. The latest large-scale adjustment that affected all listed companies was the implementation of the new accounting standards in 2007. Although all listed companies have prepared the difference reconciliation table according to the requirements of the CSRC during the convergence of the old and new accounting standards, and fully explained it, this only involves the adjustment of the financial data of the previous year, and the previous financial data are not completely matched. However, financial analysis needs long-term data, which brings great difficulties to financial analysis.

The reason for this is to make the accounting data of each period more comparable, thus making the analysis results more valuable. Emphasize the consistency of data in each period.

2. Pay attention to comparison when calculating the ratio of financial data, and compare it with the company's previous years; Compared with other companies in the industry; Compared with companies of similar size;

Among them, it is difficult to compare with other companies in the industry and companies of similar size. The problem of listed companies is that their main businesses may be many and distributed in different industries, so it is difficult for some companies to compare industries. Non-listed companies or small companies may focus on a certain sub-industry, and the data of this industry and enterprises in this industry are difficult to obtain and analyze. The choice of enterprises of similar scale is too wide, which requires analysts to have their own judgment and experience. In other words, financial statement analysis is one of the reasons for an art book!

3. In financial analysis, the more data accumulated, the better, at least three years, preferably five years, while Bart basically relies on ten years of data.

4. When comparing industry levels, which average level should be chosen as the so-called "industry average", arithmetic average, median or mode? In most cases, we should choose the median, not the other two. Secondly, we choose the mode. The reason for this is to avoid the great influence of particularly excellent companies and particularly poor companies on the industry average.

5. Focus on the analysis of the differences with the industry level and the company's historical level. Generally speaking, we assume that this difference is not for favorable reasons.

Generally don't believe the reasons for the differences given by the company. The company's explanation is either too general, evasive or deliberately confusing. The real reason, the clue that should be found through full financial analysis, depends on the information about the industry, raw materials and so on. Of course, communication with the company manager is also very important.