First, the contradiction between the shortage of water resources and the growing demand for water resources by economic and social development is prominent. China's per capita water resources are 2200 cubic meters, which is about 1/4 of the world's per capita level. In normal years, the national water shortage is nearly 40 billion cubic meters. The development and utilization of water resources in some river basins and regions have approached or exceeded the carrying capacity of water resources and water environment. With the development of economy and society and the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for water resources is increasing, the difficulty of water resources development and utilization and river management is increasing, and the shortage of water resources will continue to increase.
Second, the contradiction between the weak comprehensive flood control system of rivers and the safety of people's lives and property is prominent. Most important tributaries of major rivers and small and medium-sized rivers have not been effectively treated, the construction of flood storage and detention areas is lagging behind, and the ability to monitor and prevent disasters such as mountain torrents and mudslides is low. Flood disaster causes a large number of casualties and property losses every year, and it is still a major heart disease of the Chinese nation.
Third, the contradiction between serious water pollution, soil erosion and sustainable development is prominent. The total amount of sewage discharge in China has increased year by year, the pollution of rivers and lakes has intensified, and the overall situation of water environment has not been fundamentally improved. The trend of soil erosion and ecological deterioration has not been fundamentally curbed, groundwater has been seriously overexploited, rivers have been cut off, lakes have dried up, wetlands have shrunk and oases have disappeared in some areas, which has seriously affected the sustainable development of economy and society. These problems need our great attention and gradual solution.
Fourth, the contradiction between the lagging development of rural water conservancy and the promotion of new socialist countryside construction is prominent. Rural water conservancy infrastructure is weak, and the irrigation areas in China13 are medium and low yield fields. Many backbone buildings in large-scale irrigation areas are damaged, and the aging damage rate of large-scale irrigation and drainage pumping station is high. Agricultural production still has not got rid of the passive situation of "relying on the sky to harvest". High fluorine water, high arsenic water and brackish water in rural areas also seriously threaten the health of farmers, and hundreds of millions of farmers have not drunk clean water.
It should be pointed out that a large population and a small land, uneven distribution of water resources in time and space, and mismatch between water and soil resources and economic and social development layout are the basic water conditions in China. However, the long-term growth pattern of extensive economic has aggravated the seriousness of water resources problems in China and increased the difficulty of solving these problems. Fundamentally speaking, water problems such as drought and water shortage, floods, water pollution and soil erosion not only expose that water conservancy can not meet the needs of sustainable economic and social development, but also expose that long-term extensive economic growth mode can not meet the conditions of water resources and water environment. These two imbalances are our basic judgment on the current water resources problems.