Dear candidates, in 222, the national civil service examination is about to begin. Many candidates pay insufficient attention to inductive and summary questions in the process of preparing for the exam. In recent years, inductive and summary questions have gradually become the first type of questions in the application, and many innovative questions have evolved through inductive and summary questions. Among inductive and summary questions, inductive and summary questions are the most troublesome ones. Inductive summary, as one of the most basic methods of answering questions, is in the application? On it? Interlocking? It plays an important role in propositional thinking. In the application, whether it is inductive and summary questions or analytical questions, countermeasures questions or practical essays, or even big compositions, it is inseparable from this thinking power. It can be seen that accurate induction and summary in place are an essential ability for candidates. Today, I will share with the majority of candidates the relevant ideas about summarizing and summarizing topics.

first, a summary of understanding.

The so-called generalization refers to the logical method of forming a new concept by reducing its connotation and expanding its extension. The essence is the extension and enlargement of the concept, and the transition from species concept to genus concept has reached the process of essential concept.

The concept is not easy to understand. To transform the concept into an easy-to-understand expression is to generalize from a small concept to a big concept.

For example, computers and televisions can be summarized as household appliances.

Generalization in the application refers to extracting the core points from complicated and specific materials, and properly handling the relationship between the points to reveal the essence of the material content. This kind of topic requires candidates to look at things from point to surface, from shallow to deep, to see the essence through phenomena, and not to see mountains as mountains and water as water.

second, about the review of generalization

? Question stem? Firstly, this verb is given as a logical instruction of thinking. Then the answer object is given, which is generally one or several of the elements such as performance, problem, reason, influence, significance and countermeasures. At this time, we judge this topic as a general question.

Third, the method of generalization

What are the main points to grasp when answering generalization questions? Delete? 、? Change? These two methods. ? Delete? Delete the useless material content; ? Change? What does it mean for? Delete? After the material, the main points are obtained, and the information that is not standardized and too specific is expressed. After further processing, a more standardized answer is obtained.

For example, according to the given data 2, summarize the harm of current network ethics anomie. (2 points)

Requirements: comprehensive, accurate, concise and to the point, no more than 2 words.

material: on July 12, 216, the Ministry of culture announced the investigation results of a number of online performance platforms, 26 online performance platforms were investigated and 16,881 online performers were dealt with. ? Nowadays, mobile phones have almost become the standard for students, and the hard-to-prevent pornographic information in the live broadcast platform is really worrying? A parent in Beijing said. ? Xinhua viewpoint? The reporter's investigation found that with the webcast terminal moving from PC to mobile, the live broadcast began to enter the era of the whole people. At the same time, problems such as pornography, violence, and infringement in webcasting have also become prominent, seriously affecting the physical and mental health of teenagers.

By deleting the useless information, we can get the following results: Pornography, violence, infringement and other issues in the live webcast are also highlighted, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of teenagers. Such an answer can get a score, but it can't get full marks. Because the expression is more specific and verbose. ? Pornography, violence, infringement and other issues have also become prominent? These words need a second step? Change? , changed to? Chaos is prominent? This is more standardized and more in line with the requirements, so this answer is sorted out as: the chaos of webcasting is prominent, affecting the physical and mental health of young people.

IV. Generalization principles

1. Not all the points are needed? Change?

concrete abstraction, abstract direct copying.

for example, please summarize the problem according to the material.

Mr. Zhang has been a substitute teacher in rural primary schools for more than 2 years, with a monthly salary of 3 yuan. At present, there are fewer students, and Mr. Zhang is about to be dismissed. After dismissal, there is no living guarantee.

after? Delete? After that, I got: the problem of teacher Zhang's life security. At this time, Mr. Zhang is concrete, abstractly speaking, a substitute teacher in the countryside; Life security is abstract, because it is not specifically said that Mr. Zhang can't afford rice and soybean oil, so there is no need to be abstract, just copy it directly. Therefore, the answer we wrote is: the life security of rural substitute teachers.

2.? Change? The concept of Guo and the original concept must be a species relationship, that is, the relationship between inclusion and inclusion.

for example: scalper? Cattle? Animals? Biology? Matter. All these can be done, but we can't generalize yellow cattle into plants.

v. analysis of real questions

example: according to the given data 2, summarize the harm of current network ethics anomie. (2 points)

Requirements: comprehensive, accurate, concise and to the point, no more than 2 words.

information 2

American scholar Richard? Spinello said: Technology often develops faster than ethical theory, and the lag effect in this respect will often bring us considerable harm. ? Indeed, the anomie of network ethics will bring a series of problems to society.

As for network ethics, some scholars have pointed out that it is an important part of the emerging applied ethics research since the middle of the 2th century, and it refers to the code of conduct and ethics that people should abide by in cyberspace.

With the rapid development of the Internet, we have encountered more and more false information on the Internet, and the patterns have also become endless, and it is often difficult to tell the truth from the false. For example, the cause of Zhu Ziqing's blockbuster "The Back"? Violation of traffic regulations? Being expelled from teaching materials, bananas suffering from AIDS are on the verge of extinction, Harbin making money without spending it on his wife is a domestic violence, Dongguan police will detain illegal cohabitants, and post-95 female netizens? Body for travel? Wait a minute. Such false news not only confuses right and wrong, but also causes trouble to the parties concerned, and it also causes an impact on the world outlook, outlook on life and values, which is quite harmful. Technically speaking, rumors are caused by the openness and anonymity of the network; From the social level, it is due to the lag of authoritative information and the poor ability of crisis early warning; From the audience level, it is because the public has the psychology of curiosity, entertainment, panic, blind obedience and online venting.

in 215? Chengdu female driver was beaten? The client was? Human flesh search? Personal privacy has been widely forwarded. Family members protested and resorted to the law, but it attracted more criticism from netizens. Part of a civilized driving discussion caused by violation of regulations was alienated into a second injury to the parties? Cyber violence? Events. The client sobbed in front of the camera, and some netizens violated personal information without boundaries, tried personal morality without limits, and even abused and harassed human flesh for the sake of venting their emotions, which brought unspeakable harm to the client and rational commentators.

The statistics of China Youth Crime Prevention Research Association show that at present, 7% of juvenile delinquents have caused some serious crimes such as theft, robbery and rape due to the influence of online pornography and violent content, which has brought a serious impact on traditional ethical concepts and norms. In this kind of incident, teenagers can connect to the Internet in a low-cost and convenient way, and at the same time, using the anonymity of the network, the relationship between the network infringer and the victim is complicated, and then the network influence is realized.

On July 12th, 216, the Ministry of Culture announced the investigation results of a number of online performance platforms, 26 online performance platforms were investigated and 16,881 online performers were dealt with. ? Nowadays, mobile phones have almost become the standard for students, and the hard-to-prevent pornographic information in the live broadcast platform is really worrying? A parent in Beijing said. ? Xinhua viewpoint? The reporter's investigation found that with the webcast terminal moving from PC to mobile, the live broadcast began to enter the era of the whole people. At the same time, problems such as pornography, violence, and infringement in webcasting have also become prominent, seriously affecting the physical and mental health of teenagers.

If 215 is the year of online celebrity, 216 will be the year of live broadcast. On the six-room show, a team went into the forest to kill wild animals in the name of outdoor anchor, and the means were cruel, but it attracted the attention of at least 3 thousand fans. In this endless carnival of entertainment, all morality, law and civilization are thrown away and replaced by crazy acts of entertainment to death. Undeniably, this disorder stems from the low threshold, openness and relative virtuality of the network, but what is more? Eyeball economy? Add fuel to the fire behind your back.

reference analysis

1. There are a lot of false information and endless patterns on the Internet, which are difficult to distinguish between true and false, confuse right and wrong, cause troubles, and impact the world outlook, outlook on life and values.

2. Personal privacy is widely forwarded. There is no boundary infringement on personal information and unlimited trial on personal morality, which brings harm to the parties and rational commentators.

3. Crimes committed under the influence of online pornography and violent content have impacted traditional ethical concepts and norms.

4. The chaos in the webcast is prominent, which affects the physical and mental health of teenagers.

5. In the carnival of entertainment, morality, law and civilization are all thrown away and entertained to death.