1.Using personal savings, a one-person company or a small shop needs a lot of start-up funds and working capital. The more sufficient the funds, the better, so as to avoid the ineffective turnover caused by various unpredictable reasons in the early stage of the start-up. This fund may be your hard-earned savings for many years or collected by friends and relatives. The more funds, the better. The reason is that you can set up a shop with ease, but you are not required to invest all. If you are a wage earner, you'd better not invest all the money you have accumulated, lest the bankruptcy of the small shop make you suffer huge losses. This is the same as the reason for trading stocks in the stock market. Therefore, don't blindly seek scale when opening a store, so as to avoid excessive investment and sluggish business. Small shops have relatively less capital income and less risks. You can gradually explore the experience and laws in the process of opening small shops to prepare for future development. Although the small shop is not profitable, it has done its business, accumulated over time, and gradually accumulated funds. Diligent housekeeping not only makes you well-fed and well-fed, but also helps you complete the primitive accumulation of making a fortune. In daily life, it is important to save every kilowatt-hour and every drop of water. What is more important is to learn and master some experience of managing the house diligently and form a good habit, such as (1) avoiding blind spending. It is the primary enemy of savings to follow the fashion aimlessly, join in the fun, and blindly snap up goods that are not needed by families at present. Therefore, spending money should be well thought out and carefully planned. It is not an expense needed by the family and cannot be spent easily. (2) put an end to harmful expenses. Some expenses are not only useless but harmful, which is the least worthwhile for household consumption. For example, smoking, drinking, alcohol and tobacco costs as little as tens of yuan a month, as much as hundreds of yuan. In a few years, thousands of people have been smoking and drinking on the table without spending. In addition, it also damages your health. (3) Reduce wasteful expenditure. Business waste in the family is most easily overlooked, and the accumulated amount is very large. For example, turn on the light to sleep, leave the light on when going out, and turn off the gas when the water boils. There may be more waste in eating, they are not tired of eating essence, they only eat meat but not vegetables, they only eat refined grains but not coarse grains, and they like supplements without paying attention to exercise. These are not conducive to nutrition and health, but also a waste of expenditure. (4) limit the backlog of expenses. Family expenses should be planned. If you buy goods only by interest and over-purchase, it will cause a backlog. As time goes by, the goods stored for several years will deteriorate and become worthless, or the stored goods will depreciate invisibly because of the upgrading of goods, which will bring great waste. Therefore, generally non-durable goods, it is best to buy and use now, so as not to create a backlog. (5) Delay loss expenses. The service life of some commodities can be artificially extended. For example, the reasonable use of household appliances can prolong life and achieve the purpose of saving money. It is also a good way to save money by going to thrift stores to buy inexpensive necessities. 2. Using a partnership to raise funds sometimes opens a certain type of store, and the initial investment is large, and you can't turn around by rolling profits, so you can solve the financial problem by choosing one or two reliable partners to run together. However, partnership is often prone to all kinds of disputes, so we should be careful in choosing partners. First of all, can the partner reach a business understanding with you? If you can't achieve * * * knowledge, it's useless to invest more money. Secondly, whether the partner can share the joys and sorrows with you. Doing business will certainly be very hard, and you will even encounter countless setbacks and difficulties. It is even more common to encounter things that are both hurtful and sad. Whether the partner has the will to endure hardship and perseverance is also something you should consider. If you have these good qualities, your cooperation will be successful and your business will be successful. Thirdly, in partnership with others, a "partnership agreement" must be signed before the partnership, clearly dividing responsibilities and rights, and negotiating the proportion of profit distribution. Otherwise, there will inevitably be contradictions and entanglements between the partners, and the operation will not be able to continue. When signing the "Partnership Agreement", the following clauses should be clearly stipulated: (1) The management authority and scope of each partner. (2) the duration of the partnership. A partner is not allowed to leave the partnership in advance. If this happens, how to deal with it should also be clearly defined. (3) the investment amount of each partner, the proportion of the investment. (4) How to distribute profits. (5) Ways to attract new partners. (6) How to deal with the responsibilities of each partner and the consequences caused by irresponsibility. 3. Be careful when you start your business, which is clear enough. Due to the limited profit of small shops, the salary and expenses of personnel must be streamlined. In the early days of some small shops, the boss often wears several hats, from greeting guests to buying and selling goods, from displaying goods to cleaning, and everything is done by himself. However, in some small shops, at the beginning of opening, the boss can't finish it by himself, such as restaurants and hair salons. Then, it is particularly important for the boss to hire people and make full use of everyone. Even if your store is large in scale and the number of people increases in the future, you should try your best to give full play to everyone's expertise and role. This is a good way to reduce costs and increase profits. 4. Loans to Banks There are five main forms for individuals to obtain loans from banks: credit loans, guaranteed loans, mortgage loans, pledged loans and discounted bills. At present, banks generally only carry out special consumption (such as automobile and housing mortgage) and small mortgage loans (small mortgage loans for personal time deposit certificates) for individuals. Small mortgage loan means that the borrower can use the unexpired lump-sum deposit and withdrawal, deposit with interest, large-sum negotiable certificate of deposit (registered) and foreign currency time deposit certificates as collateral to apply for loans to the savings office where the account is opened or the savings office introduced by it. The starting point of small mortgage loan is RMB 1000 yuan, and the amount of each loan shall not exceed 80% of the denomination of the certificate of deposit (foreign currency deposits shall be converted into RMB according to the foreign exchange purchase price announced on the same day), and the maximum loan amount shall not exceed RMB10000 yuan. The loan term shall not exceed the maturity date of the mortgaged certificate of deposit. If multiple certificates of deposit are mortgaged, the loan term shall be determined by the time closest to the maturity date, and the longest time shall not exceed 1 year. The loan interest rate is based on the same level of liquidity loan interest rate, with only two interest rates of half-year and three-year. If the loan term is less than 6 months, it will be based on the half-year loan interest rate, and if it is more than 6 months, it will be based on the 1 year loan interest rate. If there is interest rate adjustment, the interest rate will remain unchanged during the loan term. The small mortgage loan should be repaid on schedule. If the borrower fails to repay it on schedule, if it is overdue for less than three months (including 1 month), 20% interest will be charged on the basis of the original interest rate from the date of overdue; If the loan is overdue for 1 month and the borrower is still unable to repay it, the lending institution has the right to repay the mortgage deposit certificate. If there is no above real estate as collateral, it is not absolutely impossible to get a loan. Investment prospects and investment projects are the primary factors that affect the loan decision. Banks should demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of loan projects. To this end, you need to collect a lot of information, consider various possibilities, choose the best investment plan, and increase the confidence of bank loans. The more you know, the more familiar you are, the higher your trust and the easier it is to be persuaded. Therefore, it is very important for businessmen to maintain good relations with banks. The initial loan to the bank should not be too large, otherwise it will be difficult to succeed. First of all, a small amount of money is borrowed, and the loan is repaid on schedule every time, and the trust of the bank is gradually gained, so it is possible to get a larger amount of loan. One thing to be reminded is that you need to pay a certain price in the form of interest, dividends and other forms when obtaining funds, which is also called financing cost. Of course, you can choose lower-cost funds according to the difference of cost rate of different sources of funds in time, space and industry to reduce the cost of financing. For example, if you need to buy a piece of equipment in 2005, it is mainly through bank loans to solve the source of funds. According to the analysis, the interest rate will be lowered in the middle of 2005. Therefore, you can choose to borrow in June. If the monthly interest rate is 9. 1‰, and the monthly interest rate of the loan at the beginning of 2005 is 10.8‰, this is a way to reduce the financing cost. For example, a textile factory needs a sum of 500,000 yuan to build a factory building, and there are several ways: one is that the local bank gives loans at the monthly interest rate of 10.8‰; One is to raise funds from employees, with an annual interest rate of 25 ‰; One is to borrow money from a foreign credit cooperative, and the monthly interest rate is 10. 1‰. After comparative analysis, the small boss chose to borrow money from a foreign credit cooperative to solve the problem, which can also achieve the purpose of reducing costs. Another kind is private loans. Have you ever heard of underground banks? Now it has been legalized, and the interest rate is four times higher than that of the bank, which is invalid, so don't be afraid of high interest rates. If the above methods don't work, this plan is also a good strategy.