Introduction of works
How steel was tempered vividly shows the heroic spirit of a revolutionary soldier who overcame his illness and never left behind. With great artistic appeal, he reproduces the real picture of how the first generation of Soviet youth league members overcame all kinds of difficulties in life and worked hard to realize the socialist ideal. Pavel Colta, the hero, is the youngest son of a poor worker's family in a small town in Ukraine. My father died early, my mother worked as a cook in a rich family, and my brother A Qing was a railway worker. Suffering from exploitation and oppression of the people by the capitalist system. After dropping out of school, he worked as a waiter in the station canteen and a worker in a power plant. Later, he met tonya, the daughter of a forestry official. Low social status and miserable life have developed an indomitable character. After the October Revolution broke out, the red regime was besieged by foreign forces and domestic reactionaries: the political situation in Ukraine was also unprecedented, and Paul met Zhu through his brother. Zhu is an old Bolshevik who stayed in the town when the Red Army retreated. He Zhu came to teach Paul boxing and cultivated Paul's pure revolutionary enthusiasm. Once, Paul was put in prison for saving Zhu. Then the stupid enemy quickly misplaced him: Paul jumped into Tonya's garden after he got out of prison. Tonia likes Paul who is enthusiastic, stubborn and strong-willed. Paul was also deeply attracted by tonia. tonia was beautiful, neat and elegant, and didn't look down on workers like other rich children. Later, under the influence of Zhu, Paul joined the Red Army. He became one of the bravest soldiers in the famous budyonny cavalry division. He and his comrades once charged the enemy 17 times a day. After the battle, he also likes to read novels such as The Gadfly and Spartacus, and tells them to his comrades whenever he has time. In a fierce battle, he was seriously injured in the head and was taken to the hospital. After leaving the hospital, Paul stayed with a relative in Tonya. He was blind in one eye and couldn't go back to the front, but he immediately threw himself into all kinds of hard work in the local area. Once attending a party of workers' comrades, Paul was laughed at and ridiculed by the workers because he went with tonia, and tonia was dressed beautifully and neatly. Paul realized that tonia was not in the same class as himself, so he made up his mind to break up their relationship. In order to supply urban timber, Paul took part in railway construction. Autumn rain, mud, heavy snow and frozen soil, the working conditions are getting worse and worse, and the harassment, disease and hunger of armed bandits are also threatening Paul and his comrades. However, the railway was completed as scheduled, and Zhu, who has been promoted to the position of member of the provincial party committee, was deeply moved by their revolutionary enthusiasm, saying that "this is how steel is tempered". Because of his outstanding achievements, Paul was appointed secretary of the Youth League Committee of a railway factory. Lida, a female political commissar, often helps Paul improve his consciousness and do a good job. Paul gradually fell in love with Rita, but gave up his second budding love on the grounds of revolution. Paul was hospitalized again because of typhoid fever. He got pneumonia and was cured, but the doctor found a fatal contusion left by shrapnel on his spine. During his illness in his hometown, Paul went to the tomb of Letu to mourn his comrades. He was filled with emotion, and issued a touching and inspiring rhetoric: "The most precious thing for people is life. Life is only once for everyone. How should this only life be spent? Whenever I look back on the past, I can not regret wasting my time and not be ashamed of being mediocre; On my deathbed, he can say that my whole life and energy have been dedicated to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for human liberation. " After recovering from his illness, Paul devoted himself to the revolutionary work: in his work, he resolutely fought against all kinds of non-mainstream ideas and "bad styles", and he was very saddened by the "deterioration" of his comrade-in-arms Du Bawa and resolutely criticized him ... Paul's physique was getting worse and worse. 1924, the party organization had to unload all the burdens on him and let him rest for a long time. His eyesight is getting worse and worse. While recuperating at the seaside, Paul met Daya, the youngest daughter of a worker's family. At Daya's home, Paul encouraged Daya to rebel against her stubborn father and led her to join the Soviet Union. Dia and Paul are married. 1927, Paul was completely paralyzed and then went blind. He was once discouraged and lost the belief in living, but his strong revolutionary belief helped him out of the trough. Under extremely difficult conditions, Paul began his literary creation. 1934, with the help of his mother, wife and comrades-in-arms, his first novella, Children Born in the Storm, was finally published! Paul is glad that he has a new revolutionary weapon-writing.
Main character
Pavel Colta King (nickname: Paul Fu Lusha, commonly known as Bao) Sheresha Bruzak-Paul's childhood friend, Red Army soldier, * * * Communist Youth League Secretary Walia Brou Zach-Sheryosha's sister, * * Communist Youth League member Lida Ustinovich-Red Army Division Political Department staff, * * Communist Youth League Standing Committee member, Paul's true love Ivan Zarki. Nikolai okunev, secretary of the Youth League Committee of the freight station, fyodor Zhu, secretary of the Youth League Committee in the hangar, sailor, underground worker of the Party, chairman of the provincial committee for eliminating counter-revolutionaries, deputy director of the military secret service, Linnik, carpenter and underground worker of the Party. Achim, Chairman of the Municipal Revolutionary Committee and Secretary of the Communist Youth League Provincial Committee, tokarev, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Ukrainian Communist Youth League, Alexander Puzyrevski, old fitter, captain of the road construction team and secretary of the district party committee, Levkin Neo, head of the Red Army, old Bolshevik Arqin Kochagin, Paul's brother, fitter and chairman of the Municipal Soviet Union, Politowski, father of Brouzet Zack zahar Brou Zack, and train driver Maria Yakovlev, Co-driver of the train, Paul's mother, cook of the tax official, faithful believer Daya Kochajinna (nickname: Dayusha), female worker, Tonya Du Man Nova, wife of Paul, daughter of forestry officer, Dmitry Dubava, first love of Paul, secretary of the Communist Youth League Committee, Trotsky Volodya Tufta, director of the registration and distribution department of the Communist Youth League Committee.
Character image
Paul-The greatest achievement of the novel How Steel was Tempered is to successfully create a typical image of a new capitalist Paul Kochakin, who was trained by the Bolshevik Party and tempered in a revolutionary bonfire and hard environment. He wrote a magnificent poem for the party and the people with his class stand of distinguishing love from hatred, lofty moral outlook, high revolutionary passion, magical vitality and iron will. Paul is a self-conscious and selfless revolutionary fighter. He always puts the interests of the party and the motherland first. In the war years of blood and fire, Paul and his brothers galloped on the battlefield together, tried to defend the Soviet regime, fought bloody battles with foreign armed interveners and the white bandit troops, and showed the spirit of being willing to sacrifice for the revolutionary cause. In those difficult years of healing the wounds of war and restoring the national economy, he devoted himself to peaceful labor with all his enthusiasm. Although he used to be an iron horse with blood, he didn't take credit and didn't consider personal fame and fortune. He just wants to do more for the party and the people. The party asked him to build the railway, and he went; The party asked him to be a league cadre, and he went, and he gave his life to do it. He can even sacrifice love for the revolution. He loved Ada, but influenced by the gadfly, he wanted to "devote himself completely to the revolutionary cause", so he left without saying goodbye in the form of gadfly. After paralysis and blindness, all he needs in life is to continue working for the party. As he said, "all my life and energy have been dedicated to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of mankind!" " "Paul is a staunch revolutionary fighter, who has withstood the severe test in all aspects of life. He would rather die than surrender in the face of the enemy's torture; On the battlefield of bullets, he went forward bravely; In the struggle against diseases that devoured life, he discouraged death many times and created a miracle of "coming back to life". In particular, he struggled to climb the palace of art from the time of his death, showing the highest realm that a revolutionary soldier's iron will can reach. Paul is also a hero who sees greatness from the ordinary. There is nothing earth-shattering in his resume. He always starts with the most common things. Faced with the heavy blow of the disease, he also had the idea of suicide. It was in his heroic passion to fight the disease that he contained the danger of "Left" infantilism. Paul finally realized that his behavior of not caring for his body could not be called heroic behavior, but willfulness and irresponsibility. Therefore, Paul is great and ordinary. He is an iron warrior who gradually matured in the fire of revolution. He is a true and affectionate role model. Paul's personality: the spirit of self-sacrifice, tenacious will and unshakable faith. Paul's spirit is tenacious, persistent, hardworking, enterprising, brave and dedicated. Paul is also a typical autobiographical image based on the author himself. The author describes Paul according to his own life experience and real feelings. So Paul's touching story is not an artistic fiction, but basically a true story, which is more touching because it is true. However, the author opposes to regard this novel as the author's autobiography completely, because "this is a novel, not a biography". He concentrated the thoughts and personality characteristics of many similar figures in his contemporaries on Paul in a typical way. He said: "In this book, I am not writing about Paul Kochakin alone, but about millions of men and women who are searching for gold and fighting for their own happiness! "Paul's image is both autobiographical and sketchy. He is the most brilliant and typical representative of the socialist young generation. Paul's first love, tonia, is the daughter of a forestry official. She is pure, kind and beautiful. She once introduced the novel The Gadfly to Paul. The book inspired his thoughts. She met Paul Kochakin by chance. Because of his stubbornness and enthusiasm, she unconsciously likes and loves him. However, due to the class background, she did not participate in the great struggle to defend the Soviet regime like many young people at that time. Zhu-* * party member, a strong Red Army soldier, is brave and good at leading and organizing the masses. He united the broad masses of workers well in the revolutionary struggle and educated countless young people. Paul grew up under his education and training. Aerjiaom-he is Paul's brother, a train driver, a locksmith, and the chairman of the municipal Soviet Union. He has the noble qualities of the working class and fought tirelessly with the enemy. He is Zhu's best assistant. Rita, an excellent party member, is the real love of Paul. She is beautiful and witty, dressed simply and capable, and her heart is kind and firm. She loves her work, is good at making suggestions, can actively respond to emergencies, and does not let personal feelings affect the overall situation of her work. She has a clear love and hate, loves the materialism she believes in, and is like-minded and tacit with Paul. The theme of How Steel was Tempered is an excellent novel that describes the growth process of new people and reveals their excellent qualities. When a British journalist asked the author why he named this book How Steel was Tempered, ostrovsky replied, "Steel is cast and quenched in fire. Only in this way can we become hard and not afraid of anything. Our generation was also tempered in such struggles and arduous tests, and learned not to be decadent in front of life. " This title vividly summarizes the ideological content he wants to express; The growth path and ideological character of my generation. The novel tells people through Paul's growth path that only by defeating the enemy and himself in the hardships of the revolution and linking his pursuit with the interests of the motherland and the people can he create miracles and grow into an iron warrior. Revolutionaries are tempered into steel in struggle, which is an important theme of the novel. By revealing Paul's resolute character of daring to overcome any difficulties and hardships for the cause of the party and the people, the novel vividly tells the younger generation what is the proletarian ideal and how to work hard for it. What kind of life revolutionary soldiers should lead is another theme of the novel. What Paul said when he visited the cemetery of his female comrade-in-arms, Walian, is a confession of his materialistic outlook on life and also an exposition of the theme of the novel: "Life is the most precious thing for people, and life is only once for us. This is how people should spend their lives; When he recalls the past, he won't regret wasting his time, and he won't be ashamed of doing nothing-in this way, when he dies, he can say,' My life and all my energy have been devoted to the most magnificent cause in the world-fighting for the liberation of mankind.' The theme of the novel can be summarized as follows: one's life should be spent like Paul.
Edit the artistic features of this passage.
How steel was tempered is a novel. Many stories in the novel come from the author's personal experience, so it is more real and touching to read. However, the author does not stick to the facts of life, and does a lot of typical treatment of characters and plots. How the Steel was Tempered, like Gorky's autobiographical trilogy, has made an important contribution to the innovation of autobiographical novels. The whole description of the novel revolves around the growth of the protagonist, with a compact and natural structure. When portraying the hero's character, he also shows his excellent qualities from different angles. By describing how Paul treats prison, war, work, friendship, love, illness and frustration, and how he treats revolution and personal, public and private, life and death and other major issues, the image of Paul, a steel soldier, is particularly full and vivid and radiant. The author of the novel is mainly narrative, interspersed with inner monologues, letters and diaries, aphorisms and so on. The language of environmental description is concise, beautiful and expressive.
Edit this wonderful quotation
Thousands of people form a powerful transformer, forming an inexhaustible motive force. There is no need to hold a mass meeting. No one here needs publicity and encouragement. Tokarev, you are very accurate. They are really priceless. This is how steel is made! For he Zhu. Sadness, as well as all kinds of warm or tender ordinary feelings of ordinary people, can be freely expressed by almost everyone, but Paul has no right, and they are imprisoned by the will that never slackens. But the closer the work is to the end, the more often these feelings impact him, trying to get rid of the control of the will. If he gives in to any of these feelings and lets them happen, the tragic ending will happen. 4 youth, infinitely beautiful youth! At this time, the lust has not yet sprouted, and only the rapid heartbeat vaguely shows its existence; At this time, his hand accidentally touched his girlfriend's chest, and he trembled in panic and quickly moved away; At this time, the friendship of youth constrains the last step. At this moment, what is more amiable than the hand of a beloved girl? These hands are tightly around your neck, followed by an electric shock kiss. Winter passed, and spring pushed open the closed window. Paul, who lost a lot of blood, endured the last operation and realized that he couldn't stay in the hospital any longer. For more than ten months, patients around us are suffering, and dying people are moaning and saying goodbye. This kind of atmosphere is more unbearable than their own pain. Paul's heart is pounding again. His long wish has come true! The hoop has been smashed, so he picked up a new weapon and returned to the combat team to start a new combat course. Steel is very strong because it burns in a fire and is highly cooled. Our generation has also experienced struggles and severe tests and learned never to lose heart in life. Any fool can end himself at any time! This is the most timid and easiest way out. Put away your gun and don't tell anyone. Even if life is unbearable, stick to it, so that life can become valuable. /kloc-the death of the 0/0 leader did not cause the party's team to disperse. Just like a big tree, its roots are deeply rooted in the soil, and even if the top of the tree is cut off, it will never wither. 1 1 He has lost the most precious thing-the ability to fight. What's the use of living In today's bleak tomorrow, what can he prove that his life is valuable? What can enrich your life? Just eating, drinking and breathing? Be an incompetent bystander and watch your comrades rush forward to fight? 12 late autumn, rainy. The cold rain soaked the clothes and froze the body. The road construction team works from early morning to late night every day. At night, everyone sleeps on the concrete floor in clothes soaked by rain and hardened by sludge, and warms each other with their own body temperatures. I eat a catty and a half of black bread like anthracite every day, and sometimes I can't even supply it. The Orik gang is also constantly attacking. * * * The youth league members are fighting and working. The sound of iron bars and shovels hitting stones is everywhere, and the curved spine can be seen everywhere. Soon, winter came. People are still working hard in the ice and snow, digging frozen hard land. As long as we keep talking, we must build this railway. He Zhu came to the construction site and was very moved to see this scene: "This is how steel is tempered!" 13 Paul, who was seriously affected by the disease, took the lead in labor, and started the game while fighting slack. Every day before dawn, he dragged his swollen and stiff feet and prepared boiled water and hot dishes for his comrades. Although Paul had a high fever for a day, he still shoveled the snow with a big wooden shovel. The cold finally made Paul ill. The body of an unknown hairdressing youth was carried on the platform, and this young man was Paul. Paul didn't die of typhoid. He came back from the death line and fought tenaciously in the revolutionary post. 15 hurry up and live, because a puzzling disease or an unexpected tragic event will interrupt life. 16 Our country is rejuvenating and becoming strong, and there is hope for survival in this world. 17 People should control their habits, but never let them control others. 18 If a person can't get rid of bad habits, he is worthless. 19 anyway, I got more things, and I lost less than them. Don't leave painful memories in your life. 2 1 There are not only struggles in our lives, but also the joy brought by good feelings. Work hard, like a tame horse pulling a heavy load up the hill. Fight to the last minute. Death is the only thing that stops me from fighting. Looking back year after year, I look at my life like an impartial judge. Even when life is unbearable, we should be good at life and try our best to make life beneficial to the people. Waste of manpower is equal to crime. No one has the right to harm his health. When a person is healthy and full of youthful vitality, being strong is relatively simple and easy to do. Only when life holds you tightly like a hoop, being strong is a glorious achievement! Have you made every effort to make your life beneficial to the people? The waves beat against the messy pile of stones under his feet, and the dry sea breeze blowing from distant Turkey blew his face. The coast of the harbor is irregularly arched, and the breakwater made of steel and cement blocks the waves. The winding mountain range extends to the sea and suddenly stops. The white houses in the suburbs are arranged between the peaks and extend into the distance. 3 1 Happiness lies in creating a new life, transforming and re-educating this man who has become the master of the country and the great wisdom of the socialist era. The main tragedy of life is to stop fighting. The beauty of a man lies not in his appearance, clothes or hairstyle, but in himself and his heart. If a person does not have the beauty of the soul, we often hate his beautiful appearance. Egoism is the first to perish. He lives alone and for himself. If his "I" is damaged, then he can't survive. The so-called friendship, first of all, is sincerity and criticism of comrades' mistakes. 36 *** With a career and a struggle, people can have the power to endure everything. I have experienced the pain of being abandoned and betrayed in my own life. But one thing saved me: my life will always be purposeful and meaningful, and that is to fight for socialism. Only people like me who love life, struggle and building a new and better world, and only those of us who see through the whole meaning of life, will not die casually, and even if we have the opportunity, we can't give up life. Always feel that the land of the motherland is at your feet, live with the collective, and remember that the collective educated you. If one day you break away from the collective, that is the beginning of the end. A true friend should tell the truth, no matter how sharp. 4 1 The great power of people is here-I feel like I am in a friendly group. For me, being a soldier is the greatest happiness ... all personal problems are not as eternal as the socialist cause. Comrades, go forward bravely and turn everything into steel in the struggle. In order to open up the road to freedom, stand up and go to the battlefield! The best and most precious medicine to cure all diseases is labor. Life has given us a great and infinitely noble gift, that is, youth: youth full of strength, expectation, willingness, ambition, hope and confidence in seeking knowledge and struggle. Courage is born in struggle, and courage is cultivated in tenacious resistance to difficulties every day. The motto of our youth is brave, tenacious and firm, that is, to remove all obstacles. The best thing about life is that when you stop living, you can still serve people with everything you have created. Stand in the ranks of frontline soldiers on any occasion of life. "Little brother, I was almost like you when I was a child," Zhu He said. "I am full of energy and always want to resist, but I just don't know where I got the strength. My family is poor. I hate my teeth itch when I see those well-fed and well-dressed young gentlemen in rich families. I often beat them hard. But what's the use? I'll have to be beaten by my father in the future. Going it alone won't change the world. Paul Fu Lusha, you can be a good soldier of the working class. You have all the conditions, but you are still a little young. You still don't quite understand the truth of class struggle. Little brother, I think you have a bright future, so I want to tell you which way to go. I hate those timid and humble guys. Now the whole world is on fire. The slaves rose up and sank the old world into the sea. However, to do such a thing, we need brave and strong class brothers, not spoiled dudes; What is needed is a steel warrior who fights resolutely, not a wimp who drills the cracks in the wall like a cockroach hiding in the light at the beginning of the battle. " I only believe in one thing: inspiration comes from work. ..... labor, this is the best doctor among all insensitive. Happiness is multifaceted. I am very happy, too. Creation has produced amazing happiness, and I feel that my own hands are also building beautiful buildings-bricks for all of us, thus eliminating personal grief. 5 1 Don't stop at grades, but work bravely, trying to keep the labor champion in your own hands for a long time. Ideal has extraordinary charm for me. My ideal ... is always full of life and earth. I never dream of the impossible. Anyone who thinks he is a saint, a buried genius and divorced from the collective will have a sad fate. The collective can promote you at any time and make you stand firm. Years give us experience and learning gives us knowledge. Patriotism and hatred for the enemy are multiplied, and only such patriotism can lead to victory. The most precious thing for 56 people is life. There is only one life. Therefore, a person's life should be spent like this: when a person looks back on the past, he will not regret wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of doing nothing; In this way, when he dies, he can say that I have devoted my life and all my energy to the most precious cause in life-the struggle for the liberation of mankind. Appreciation of Works The events described in How Steel was Tempered took place in the historical period from 19 15 to the early 1930s. Pavel Colta King is the central figure portrayed by the author and the most successful image of the fighter in the book. Under the influence of the old Bolshevik Zhu, he moved from spontaneity to consciousness. He understands the social roots of life inequality and that if he wants to overthrow the old world, he must be a "brave and strong class brother" and a "determined steel warrior". In the great struggle to defend the Soviet regime, he realized that a person can only create miracles if he is connected with the motherland. He once said: "I am in favor of revolutionaries who think that personal affairs can't be compared with collective undertakings at all." Paul always puts the interests of the party and the motherland first. In that era of blood and fire, Paul and his brothers galloped on the battlefield together, and in order to defend the Soviet regime, they waged an indomitable struggle with foreign armed meddlers and white bandits. In those years when the war wound healed and the national economy recovered, Paul devoted himself to peaceful labor with all his enthusiasm. His fighting spirit and desperate spirit show the lofty quality of the first generation of builders. Paul never knelt down and surrendered. He is always ready to give himself the heaviest blow. He has withstood all tests, as well as dealing with friendship, love, family and other issues, showing lofty ethical principles. After Paul was paralyzed and blind, he was very upset and couldn't extricate himself. When the story developed to a very tense level, he had the idea of suicide. Suicide is tantamount to betraying the revolution-because of this, the muzzle of the pistol "stared at Paul's eyes with disdain", so he condemned himself with a ruthless and severe attitude and said, "Dude, what you usually say about being a hero is an empty talk! ..... Have you ever tried to beat this life! ..... Did you try your best to get rid of this hoop? Try to live even if life is unbearable. Make life more beneficial. Nothing is more terrible than being left behind. " For a blind young man named party member, all he needs in life is to continue working for the Party. He overcame the blow of tragic fate with strong perseverance and began the struggle to return to the team. Paul also practiced his life principle with his own life energy: "Life is the most precious thing for people, and life is only once for everyone. A person's life should be spent like this: looking back, he will not regret wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of doing nothing; In this way, when he dies, he can say,' My life, all my energy. They all devoted themselves to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of mankind. "This is a true portrayal of Paul's fighting life and a profound summary of his revolutionary optimism.