Tax risk can only be calculated by taxpayers, which makes tax risk and tax risk have essential differences. In contrast, tax risk is a more macroscopic concept, which generally includes the risks of tax revenue and tax collection and management in a country or region, such as the risk of a large number of tax losses caused by poor tax collection and management, and the risk of unreasonable tax system restricting economic development. So don't confuse the difference between the two.
Tax risk is more manifested as the possibility of damage to the interests of enterprises, that is, although this risk exists objectively, it is only possible for taxpayers to bear this risk, but not necessarily.
There are three main types of tax risks:
1. Tax burden risk
The direct consequence of taxpayers paying taxes is that disposable income is greatly reduced. Taxpayers may fall into business crisis or even go bankrupt because of too much and too heavy tax burden. In particular, it should be noted that the tax burden has the risk effect of snowballing. If the taxpayer fails to deal with the previous tax burden in time, the previous tax burden will be brought into the current period, which will eventually make the tax burden heavier and heavier, thus forming a tax arrears burden. Judging from the actual economic work, some enterprises went bankrupt because of tax arrears. The risk of tax burden is determined by the essential characteristics of tax, that is, tax is collected by the state free of charge. It should be pointed out that the tax burden risk not only refers to the tax paid by taxpayers, but also the tax costs incurred by taxpayers when calculating the tax payment, such as personnel costs, transportation costs, agency costs, etc., should be included in the tax burden risk.
2. Risk of tax violation
In the process of production and operation, some taxpayers evade taxes and evade taxes in violation of tax laws and regulations in order to resolve and reduce tax burden risks. In fact, this illegal means can not only solve the tax burden risk, but also create new illegal risks. In addition to paying back the tax evaded, taxpayers will also be fined by the tax authorities by more than 50% and less than 5 times of the tax evaded, and a late payment fee of 0.5‰ will be added daily. If the circumstances are serious, taxpayers will also be punished. Therefore, this kind of tax risk is more serious, which is more likely to lead to the bankruptcy of the company. In modern society, the tax law is becoming more and more complicated, and taxpayers, even tax officials and tax experts will inevitably make mistakes in their understanding of tax law and policy. Once taxpayers misunderstand tax laws and policies, it is easy to violate the provisions of tax laws and policies when calculating and paying taxes, which in essence constitutes tax violations. Therefore, in modern society, the risk of tax violation is increasing.
3. Risk of reputation loss
Strictly speaking, this kind of risk is caused by the illegal behavior of taxpayers, and it should also be classified as tax illegal risk. However, considering that this risk is intangible and its impact on taxpayers is not direct, independence is regarded as a risk. Taxpayers who violate the law and are punished by the relevant authorities will inevitably suffer direct economic losses. At the same time, taxpayers will also lose their reputation, goodwill or reputation, that is, other relevant economic entities will doubt the taxpayer's credit because of illegal acts such as tax evasion and are unwilling to cooperate with them; Or taxpayers are disqualified from enjoying certain tax benefits because they violate the provisions of tax laws and regulations. For example, in China, taxpayers who fail to fulfill certain VAT obligations or violate certain VAT regulations will not be allowed to apply for being recognized as general VAT taxpayers or using special VAT invoices. In many cases, this intangible loss is more serious than the tangible fine loss.