Since the beginning of this year, the global trade volume has been shrinking, China's foreign trade volume has dropped significantly, and our city has also seen a trend of both import and export decline. In view of the grim situation, the state and Hebei Province have issued a series of policies and measures to promote the development of foreign trade. From the data in April, the downward trend slowed down, but it increased in May. In order to do a good job in the import and export of our city in the future, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce has done a lot of visits and investigations in close connection with the actual situation, and made a careful analysis of the import and export situation of our city.
I.1-Basic situation of the city's foreign trade import and export in May
In May this year1-,the total value of foreign trade import and export in our city was1990 million USD, down by 26.63% year-on-year, and the decrease was 3.7 1% compared with April. Among them, the export completed 16. 1 billion USD, down 25.7% year-on-year, and the import completed $380 million, down 30.24% year-on-year. From the types of export enterprises: the import of private enterprises keeps increasing, while the import and export of other types of enterprises continue to decline; From the perspective of export commodities, fur clothing has become the highlight of export. 1-In May, the export of clothing and clothing accessories reached US$ 350 million, a slight increase of 4.08% year-on-year. Among them, the export of fur clothing reached1870,000 USD, a high year-on-year increase of 1.7 times. The export of pharmaceutical products reached $30./kloc-0. 0 billion, up 8.05% year-on-year. Exports of other commodities continued to decline; From the perspective of trade types, the import and export of processing trade and general trade both declined. The main reasons are:
(1) The international market is sluggish and exports to major markets continue to decrease. The European Union, the United States, ASEAN, South Korea, Japan and Russia are the main export markets of our city, accounting for more than 60% of the city's annual export volume. The economy of these countries will further decline, and the consumer demand will further shrink, which will inevitably greatly reduce foreign trade orders, thus leading to the decline of our city's exports. This year1-May, the top five export markets in our city were: the European Union, the United States, ASEAN, Russia and Japan, with export values of $40.1billion, $320 million,1300 million, $846 1 million and $80.06 million respectively. From the experience of commodity export in our city, with the adjustment of export tax rebate, leather clothing will gradually recover. Therefore, there is still potential for Russian market export, and Latin American and African markets need to be further explored by our enterprises.
(2) The international market demand has weakened, and the export of major commodities in our city has declined. In recent years, mechanical and electrical products, steel products, antibiotics, textile fabrics, steel wire mesh (cloth), valves and parts have always been the main export commodities of our city, and the export is relatively stable, but from the export situation in1-May, it began to show a sharp decline. For example, the export of mechanical and electrical products decreased by 35.85% year-on-year, among which the export of metal products decreased by 29.58% year-on-year, and the export of mechanical and electrical equipment decreased by 42.27% year-on-year; Steel exports decreased by 73.25% year-on-year; The export of textile yarns, fabrics and products decreased year-on-year16.33%; The export of high-tech products decreased by 42.72% year-on-year.
(3) The deterioration of the international environment has made it more difficult for enterprises to operate. First, the phenomenon of contract breach and breach of contract has increased. For example, a small refrigerator enterprise in Luquan City, whose products are mainly exported to the American market, has not only had no new orders since last August, but also some orders signed before have been returned, so the enterprise has to face the domestic market and produce other products in small batches. Second, the exchange rate risk and deferred payment are outstanding. The world's major currencies depreciated sharply against the US dollar, causing the currencies of importing countries to depreciate sharply against the RMB, raising the prices of imported Chinese products, bringing difficulties to exports and seriously squeezing the profit margins of enterprises. The risk of overseas receivables has increased, and export enterprises are facing increasingly serious performance risk and foreign exchange collection risk. The continuous appreciation of RMB is difficult for most export enterprises to grasp, and the loss of foreign exchange collection (settlement) in US dollars is large. After some enterprises switched to euro settlement, the euro plummeted and the losses were even heavier. According to the statistics of 50 enterprises participating in the survey, 40 enterprises have encountered exchange rate risk. The problem of customers' deferred payment is also prominent. Some enterprises prefer to give up orders for the safety of payment. For example, a wig manufacturer in Xinle City of our city mainly exports its products to Africa. Due to delayed payment and failure to pay US dollars, nearly 6 million yuan cannot be returned, and liquidity difficulties appear, which seriously affects the enterprise's export expansion. Third, individual enterprises have stopped production. Demand in the international market has slowed down, orders have been greatly reduced, and the phenomenon of foreign trade production enterprises stopping production has begun to increase. Some enterprises have not only stopped production, but also caused a backlog of some commodities due to returns. For example, most of the leather export enterprises in xinji city are in a semi-stop production state, with excess production capacity.
(D) the product structure is unreasonable and the international market share is not high. From the composition of export commodities in our city, in May1-,except for the increase in the export of clothing and clothing accessories and medical products, the export of other major commodities showed a downward trend, mainly due to structural problems: First, the products lacked their own brands. Due to the lack of core technology and R&D capabilities of most export enterprises in our city, the export products are basically used for OEM production (using trademarks of consumer countries). Among the 50 enterprises that participated in the survey, 35 were exported by OEM. Second, there are many primary products and low added value. Some small and medium-sized enterprises, with simple production technology and high labor intensity, are mostly "two high-tech and one capital", which are at the low end of the production chain in the international market (parts processing), and have high labor costs, low product prices, and generally their profits are only within 10%, so their ability to cope with price changes in the international market is weak. Third, there is a lack of internationally recognized export brand-name products and pillar industries. The advantages of equipment manufacturing, textile and clothing, and biopharmaceuticals need to be further explored.
(E) The import growth is slow, and the pulling effect is not obvious. Judging from the import situation in the three years since 2006, the total amount is small and the growth is slow, which has limited overall pull on the city's foreign trade. Due to the influence of the international environment, the city's foreign trade imports decreased by 30.24% from January to May this year. It is expected that in the first half of the year, it will still show a downward trend.
Second, the main problems in import and export
(1) Highly dependent on European and American markets and greatly affected by the financial crisis. With the continuous expansion of the adverse effects of the international financial crisis, the developed countries' economies continue to slump and the international market demand further shrinks. Due to the high dependence of our city on European and American markets and the impact of economic recession in these countries, the orders of enterprises in our city have been greatly reduced, or even there are no orders. According to the situation of 50 enterprises that we monitored at the beginning of the month, there are 3 enterprises that still have unfulfilled orders, amounting to $536 1 10,000, and there are 19 enterprises that have no new order contracts at present.
(2) Lack of self-owned export commodity brands and weak market competitiveness. Among the many export enterprises in our city, most of the export commodities are produced by OEM (using the trademarks of consumer countries). The reason is that most export enterprises in our city are small and medium-sized enterprises, and their independent innovation and R&D capabilities are weak. The proportion of high-tech and high value-added export products is small, mostly low-end products. In addition, there are few well-known brands in export products, and the products lack the right to speak internationally. Therefore, the export of products is mainly controlled by foreign customers.
(3) The willingness to explore the international market is not strong, and foreign trade talents are relatively lacking. Due to the impact of the financial crisis, the number of enterprises taking the initiative to participate and inspect abroad has gradually decreased, and even the most popular East China Commodity Fair and Canton Fair in China, the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in the meeting is not high. In particular, some enterprises saw that the exhibition results were not great, and their confidence was hit. Some enterprises are unwilling to waste limited financial resources because of the shortage of funds. In addition, most foreign trade enterprises in our city are small in scale, and foreign trade talents are relatively scarce. On the one hand, talents are reluctant to go, on the other hand, even high-end talents are difficult to retain for a long time, and the shortage of talents in enterprises is relatively common.
(4) Enterprises have difficulty in financing and lose foreign trade opportunities. Most small and medium-sized enterprises report that the problem of financing difficulty is more prominent, and the shortage of funds is the bottleneck restricting the development of foreign trade enterprises. At present, although the country has implemented a loose monetary policy, it is still very difficult for most small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises to obtain loans, which often leads to the loss of trade opportunities.
Third, the next step should be taken
(1) Consolidate European and American markets and actively explore emerging international markets. In view of the fact that our city's foreign trade exports are highly dependent on and greatly affected by Europe and the United States, first, we must increase the efforts to explore international markets outside Europe and the United States. In recent years, our city has made gratifying achievements in exploring emerging markets such as India, Brazil and Australia, which should be consolidated. At the same time, many enterprises in our city have established offices in Africa, and the development momentum is good. Second, we should vigorously organize enterprises to participate in overseas exhibitions and domestic exhibitions such as Canton Fair, China Fair and Internet Fair, so as to create conditions for small and medium-sized enterprises to explore the international market. Third, we should speed up the pace of "going out", guide the labor-intensive industries such as textiles, leather and foundry in our city, actively develop overseas processing projects, and then drive the export of equipment, raw materials, labor and technology. Fourth, we should give full play to the advantages of our city's manufacturing industry, guide processing and assembly enterprises to "go global", realize "industrial gradient transfer" to developing countries and regions, and strive to reduce the pressure of domestic employment and energy conservation and emission reduction.
(2) Actively and effectively use international financial instruments to reasonably avoid foreign trade risks. The financial crisis led to the closure or takeover of some foreign financial institutions, the deterioration and shrinkage of credit in some countries or regions, the further increase of the performance risk and settlement risk of import and export trade, and the devaluation of national currencies, which directly swallowed up the settlement profits of export enterprises, and the sharp fluctuation of international raw material prices further aggravated the risk of foreign exchange collection by enterprises. Therefore, in the face of fluctuating exchange rate risks, foreign trade enterprises in our city should not only ask customers to bear the cost and adjust the product structure, but also flexibly master and use various financial hedging tools according to their own business characteristics and combined with the judgment of exchange rate trend, lock the exchange rate with financial tools such as forward settlement and sale of foreign exchange and foreign exchange swap, preserve and increase the value of currency, and actively use hedging tools such as export credit insurance to ensure the safety of export receipts.
(3) Vigorously support the export of advantageous industries and cultivate export growth points. In view of the risks and pressures borne by the export industry and the changes in the international economic situation, the state has raised the export tax rebate rate for some textiles, clothing, toys, furniture and high value-added mechanical and electrical products for four times. At the same time, the state will take further measures to support the export of advantageous enterprises and products, increase the import of products needed at home, encourage financial institutions to increase loans to small and medium-sized enterprises, and broaden the direct financing channels for small and medium-sized enterprises. Textile and garment export enterprises in our city should make full use of the favorable opportunity of national industrial policy adjustment, speed up the upgrading of existing equipment and technology, focus on supporting a number of backbone export enterprises in the textile and garment industry, expand their scale and form an agglomeration effect.
(4) Recognize the adjustment trend of national trade policies and guide enterprises to adjust product structure. First, we should correctly understand the trend of national policy adjustment, reduce the export of "two high and one capital" commodities, balance the trade surplus and reduce trade friction, so as to realize the change of China's entire foreign trade industrial structure. Second, we should speed up the adjustment of import and export industrial structure in our city, encourage and support enterprises to realize high-tech and brand products as soon as possible, further develop processing trade, and ease the pressure brought by export tax rebate rate. Third, we should actively guide enterprises to strengthen the accounting of product bidding. In order to enhance the price competitiveness of export products, many enterprises include the export tax rebate in profits and then price the products. Judging from the current situation, enterprises should strengthen the accounting of bidding for export products in time, fully consider the influence of export tax rebate adjustment, and in the long run, establish the concept of creating profits without relying on export tax rebate. Fourth, we should strengthen the internal management of enterprises, speed up the technological transformation of products and reduce the cost of products. Only by increasing the R&D capacity, improving the technical level and grade of products and enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises is the long-term road for foreign trade enterprises. Fifth, efforts should be made to avoid price wars between similar export enterprises and commodities. Similar products can't simply rely on price competitiveness to occupy the international market, but rather than reputation, service and technical level. Only in this way can enterprises be in an invincible position in the international market.
(five) actively adjust the mode of foreign export trade, enhance the ability to resist risks. At present, the export of processing trade in our city only accounts for about 10% of the total export, while the domestic processing trade accounts for about 50%, and the southern provinces and cities account for more than 70%, which shows that our city has great processing trade potential. We should strive to change the purchase of raw materials from China into processing with imported materials or processing with imported materials, and make use of the bonded policy of processing with imported materials and the tax exemption, credit and refund policy of processing with imported materials to reasonably avoid the adverse effects of adjusting the rising export costs. At the same time, processing trade will also reduce exchange risks and losses caused by exchange rate changes.
(6) Formulate relevant policies to encourage the development of foreign trade as soon as possible. It is suggested that the municipal government should learn from the practices of Qingdao, Chengde and Tangshan, and combine the actual situation of our city to issue relevant support policies to support the accelerated development of foreign trade enterprises in our city. At the same time, we should seriously study, make good use of and make full use of a series of policies to stimulate the economy promulgated by the state, strengthen coordination with customs, commodity inspection, national taxation, foreign management, industry and commerce, finance and other departments, increase publicity on these policies and measures, conscientiously implement various national tax reduction and tax rebate plans, and timely cash them in, so as to guide more enterprises to make full use of these supporting policies and ease the financial difficulties of enterprise operation.
You can revise it. As for the English model essay, I haven't found it.