1 Treaty of Wangxia 1844

The first unequal treaty signed between the United States and China. That is, the "China-U.S. Five-Port Trade Charter." After China and Britain signed the Treaty of Nanjing, which ended the Opium War, the United States took advantage of the situation and sent its special envoy Gu Sheng to China to coerce the Qing Imperial Envoy Qi Ying into Wangxia near Macau on July 3, 1844 (May 18, the 24th year of Daoguang). The village signed. ***Item 34, with "Customs Tariffs" attached. Except for the lack of compensation for ceding territory, the content includes almost all the provisions in the Sino-British Treaty of Nanjing, and some provisions are more specific than the Treaty of Nanjing. For example, regarding consular jurisdiction, the treaty stipulates that all lawsuits between Americans in China and Chinese or any foreign nationals shall be heard by U.S. consulates. Regarding agreed tariffs, the treaty stipulates that "if China wishes to change its tax regulations in the future, it must consult with the consul and other officials of the United States for permission." Regarding the one-sided most-favored-nation treatment, the treaty stipulates that the import and export taxes paid by the United States on trade with China in the future shall not be higher than those of other countries; it also stipulates that "if any other benefits extend to all countries, all citizens of the United States shall benefit equally." The treaty also stipulates that U.S. warships can "inspect trade" at any Chinese port. The treaty allowed Americans to rent land on their own in five villages, build houses, and set up hospitals, churches, etc.

Impact

The Treaty of Wangxia between China and the United States is an unequal treaty that is more detailed and complete than the Treaty of Nanjing between China and Britain. Accordingly, the United States has obtained more privileges than the United Kingdom. . Later, the treaty became the model for the Treaty of Whampoa between China and France and other treaties between China and other countries.

2 The Treaty of Tianjin signed in the summer of 1858 included Britain, France, Russia and the United States (MD, robbers!!!)

The "Sino-US Treaty of Tianjin" was originally called the "Sino-US Peace Treaty". During the Second Opium War, the United States induced the Qing government to enter into unequal treaties in the name of mediation. On June 18, 1858 (the eighth year of Xianfeng's reign), the Qing imperial envoys Guiliang and Huashana signed it in Tianjin with Lieutenant General Lieutenant-General, the American minister to China. ***Thirty styles. Main contents: (1) If the Qing government allows envoys from other countries to be stationed in Beijing, the United States should be allowed to do so; (2) Chaozhou and Taiwan (Tainan) will be opened as treaty ports (the Chaozhou port was later opened in Shantou); (3) ) Jesuit priests can freely preach; (4) Expand the one-sided most-favored-nation treatment, that is, the privileges granted by the Qing government to other countries, "regardless of matters involving ships and seas, commerce and trade, political exchanges, etc.", the United States can "share all"; ( 5) Determine consular jurisdiction.

Impact: Another serious damage to China's sovereignty gave Britain another series of aggressive privileges. It provided conditions for Britain to exert influence on the Chinese central government and local governments through its embassy and consulates in China, and allowed the aggressive power of British capitalism to expand to South China, the Yangtze River Basin and Northeast China, getting closer to the origin of export goods and the origin of imported goods. This will make it more convenient for them to dump goods into China and plunder China's raw materials, causing huge damage to China's social economy.

3 Xinchou Treaty, 1898 Signing countries: Britain, the United States, Japan, Russia, France, Germany, Italy, Austria (fuck!!!)

The main contents are (the original text is abnormal length):

1. indemnity. China paid a compensation of 450 million taels of silver, to be paid off in 39 years, with an annual interest of 4%, and a total principal and interest of 980 million taels, guaranteed by customs duties, regular duties and salt taxes.

2． Demarcate the embassy area. Dongjiaomin Lane in Beijing was designated as the embassy district and became a "state within a state". Chinese are not allowed to live in the area, and various countries can send troops to garrison it.

3. Dismantle forts and garrison troops. By demolishing Dagu and all the forts that obstruct the sea passage from Beijing, the imperialist powers can station their troops in 12 places along the railway from Shanhaiguan to Beijing.

4. Coercing the Qing government into committing to suppress the anti-imperialist struggle. The Chinese people are forever prohibited from forming or joining any organization that is "enemies of other countries" and offenders will be punished with death. Provincial officials must ensure the safety of foreigners, otherwise they will be dismissed immediately and never hired. Wherever anti-imperialist struggles occur, civil and military examinations will be suspended for five years.

5. "Apologies" to Germany and Japan. The Qing government sent princes and ministers to Germany and Japan to express their "sympathy" and built a memorial arch at the place where German Minister Klind was killed.

6． Punish officials who had aligned themselves with the Boxers. More than 100 officials from the central to local governments were imprisoned, exiled, and executed.

7. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is established. The Prime Minister's Office was changed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the first of the six departments of the class train, and became a specialized agency for the Qing government to negotiate with foreign powers.

The impact of the Xin Chou Treaty: The "Xin Chou Treaty" is an unprecedentedly serious unequal treaty imposed on China by foreign powers. The foreign powers extorted huge amounts of compensation, exacerbating China's poverty and economic decline; foreign troops were stationed in China's strategic locations for a long time, seriously undermining China's sovereignty integrity and national defense security; they set up special embassy areas (concessions) and used force as a The supporting missions began to override the Qing government and issue orders to the government; they changed the status of the Qing government's diplomatic agencies and strengthened the powers' rights to extort and issue orders from China; they severely "punished evil" and established memorial memorials for German ministers, etc. The earth has damaged the national pride and self-confidence of the Chinese people; it has prohibited the Chinese people's anti-imperialist struggle and attempted to enslave the Chinese people forever. The conclusion of this treaty marked the complete formation of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and the Qing government's complete becoming the agent of the imperialist powers in China.

At the same time, China's advanced elements also began to give up their illusions about the Qing government, and the bourgeois revolution with the goal of "driving out the Tartars" began to unfold in full swing across the country.