Zhai, as a surname in China, was pronounced as "dí" in the north and "zhái" in the south in ancient times, but now it is pronounced as "zhái".
In ancient times, this Zhai surname had another meaning, which means the nomadic people in the north. However, Zhai Li is the leader of Dirong, a northwest minority in legend of miyue.
The word "Li" also has multiple meanings, one meaning refers to a dark horse with solid color; It can also represent a black dragon, such as a pearl; There is also the meaning of juxtaposition, for example, four deer in a rack.
But it doesn't mean that most people in Yi Qu are surnamed Zhai. At that time, many people in the Central Plains didn't have surnames, and Yi Qu in Dijon was even less likely to have surnames. Only the leaders and royalty had surnames, most people only had first names, and some people didn't even have first names.
Yi Qu refers to the nomadic people with different names who have been living in Gansu, Shaanxi and Ningxia since ancient times.
According to the "Biography of Western Qiang in the Later Han Dynasty", "At the end of the Ping King, Zhou Suiling was late, and Rong forced the summer.
From the east of Longshan Mountain to Ilo, there are often Rong.
Therefore, there are Di Li's Rong in the head of Wei River, Yi Qu's Rong in the north of Jing River, Dali's Rong in Luochuan, Li Rong in Weinan, and Yang Refuse and Quan Gao's Rong between Yi and Luo River.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, these numerous Rong and Di ethnic groups were still in the transitional period from primitive society to feudal society, and their culture lagged behind that of the Central Plains, and they often made a living as nomads.
origin
Yi Qu Rong is the stronger of all Rong.
Originally living in Guyuan Grassland in Ningxia (see "The Romance of China's Ancient History") and on both sides of Longshan Mountain in Liupanshan, it is under the jurisdiction of the Queen Mother of the West.
In Shang Dynasty, they were neighbors and attacked each other with Jian Yu, a descendant of the Di nationality who lived in Longdong and the north, and later they often clashed with the Shang tribe (Ji surname) who lived in the northern Jian area (now Ningxian area), thus encroaching on their territory.
Although the number of Rong and Di is small, because they have been hunting for a long time, they are fierce and aggressive, and their fighting capacity is extremely strong. The tribes of the Zhou Dynasty have had many cruel bloody battles with them.
After the Zhou people moved south, Longdong area was completely occupied by Di people.
Yi Qu Rong and Di Ren plundered each other and fought against each other. Under the condition that Di Qiang Rong was weak, Yi Qu Rong temporarily surrendered to Di Ren for survival.
In the era of Shang Wuyi, with the support of Shang Dynasty, in the thirty-fifth year of Wuyi, Ji Li "cut down the ghost Rong in the west and floated the twelve Zhai kings" (that is, forced Di Ren to give up the northern Sui and move far to the Mongolian grassland.
In the thirty years of Wuyi, Ji Li cut Yi Qu Rong again, and "it was returned by its monarch", forcing Yi Qu and other Rong to submit to Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
After the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, from Muwang to Xuanwang, troops were sent to attack Yi Qu Zhurong for many times. During the thirty-nine to forty years of Xuanwang, "Wang expected the people to live in Dayuan" and adopted a policy of appeasement, placing Wurong in Dayuan (now Qingyang and Guyuan areas). Among the five Rong, only Yi Qu Rong stayed in the center of Dong Zhiyuan and the north of Jingshui in the southeast.
Here, the terrain is flat, the land is fertile, the water is abundant, and it is suitable for farming and grazing. Yi Qu Rong and the adherents who moved to the south in the first week live together, constantly learning the agricultural production technology of the adherents of Zhou, learning the culture of Zhou, gradually assimilating with Zhou in life customs, and developing into the Yi Qu nationality which is different from other Qiang Rong.
develop
At the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, after the defeat, the dog Rong who fled to Shuofang rebelled against Zhou, led his troops south, and killed you Wang in Lishan.
Zhou Pingwang was afraid of Dijon and moved to Luoyi.
Prior to this, Yi Qu Rong took advantage of the indoor chaos in Zhou Dynasty, declared its independence from the rule of Zhou Dynasty, and formally established Fangguo (Xigou Village, Jiaocun Township, 50 miles northwest of Jinning County).
Since then, the name of Yiqu country has appeared in the history of China.
Shortly after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Yi Qu immediately sent troops and swallowed Peng Lurong (in this town, Pengyang and Qingyang Pengyuan), Yu Yongrong (in this Qingyang, Huanxian and Heshui), Yan Yanrong (in today's Yanchi) and Bird's Rongrong (in today's Jingchuan and Lingtai), which expanded the territory.
Its border reaches Xihaigu grassland in the west, Qiaoshan in the east, Ningxia Hetao in the north and Jingshui in the south, covering an area of about100000 square kilometers.
Yi Qu, after many years of military service, has become stronger than Ma Zhuang, with unprecedented strength.
Qin Zhanyi Qurong
After the Western Zhou Dynasty, the State of Qin, which was founded in the Weishui Valley, also rose quietly, and there was a constant war with neighboring Rong and Di for a long time.
When King Ping moved to Wang Dong, Qin Xianggong made contributions to the rescue and escort. King Ping made him a vassal, granted Qishan land, and gave him full power to conquer Western Rong and Di.
When he arrived in Qin Mugong, he appointed Priscilla and other generals and defeated the State of Jin, which was always regarded as Rong and Di by the Central Plains countries.
In 624 BC, Qin Mugong adopted the strategy of Yu Yu, a minister recruited from the Rong people, to attack Yi Qu in the north, "benefiting the country for twelve years, and opening up a thousand miles", thus dominating Xirong.
After Qin Mugong dominated Xirong, he was full of ambition and always wanted to "win the Central Plains", but at that time, the power of the State of Jin was also very strong, blocking the road of Qin's eastward advancement like a mountain.
So, Qin wanted to clear up its northwest region first, and then turned the attack on Yi Qu.
In 444 BC, the Qin Dynasty conquered Yi Qu, and "held its monarch to return".
After Yi Qu's defeat, he learned a lesson, braced himself for 14 years, and in 430 BC (13th year of Qin Zaogong), he went all out to attack Qin, from Jingbei to Weinan, which not only recovered the lost land in the past, but also expanded the territory to 200,000 square kilometers.
Its territory reaches northern Shaanxi in the east, Hetao in the north, Longxi in the west and Weishui in the south.
After several decades, it was the most powerful period of Yi Qu.
In 33 1 year BC, there was a civil strife in the Quguo of Qin Chenyi, and King Hui of Qin sent his concubines to fight for peace, and Yi Qu surrendered to Qin.
However, the State of Yi Qu is still openly obedient and secretly disobedient, and often attacks the State of Qin.
In 327 BC, the Qin Dynasty conquered Yi Qu again, and took away its city of Yong (now Qingcheng). Yi Qu failed and surrendered to the Qin Dynasty again.
In 3 18 BC, Yi Qu betrayed Qin and paid tribute to Wei, taking advantage of the melee among the Central Plains countries.
Wei Gongsun Yan mobilized Zhao, Han, Yan and Chu to jointly attack Qin with Wei.
At present, the Qin Dynasty wooed Yi Qu with "a thousand beautiful horses and a hundred beautiful women", but Yi Qu refused to do so, and took advantage of the situation to attack Qin, "crushing the Qin people under Li Bo.
"This hit, slowed down the pace of Qin's eastward advance, and had to shift the strategic focus back to Yi Qu.
In 3 14 BC, Qin mobilized heavy troops to invade Yi Qu from east, west and south, and successively captured 25 cities, which greatly reduced the territory and strength of Yi Qu.
be destroyed
In 306 BC, King Zhao of Qin was established as the monarch, and the Queen Mother Zhao proclaimed the Queen Mother as the regent.
She changed the strategy of positive conquest of Yi Qu, and adopted the policy of appeasement and wooing, in order to lose her ambition.
After the defeat of Yi Qu, he also wanted to mend fences with Qin to recuperate.
King Yi Qu took advantage of Zhao Wanggang's accession to the throne and went to the State of Qin to worship in person.
However, as soon as King Yi Qu arrived in Xianyang, the Empress Xuan, who had already planned, stayed in Qin for a long time, and had a long-term relationship with him.
In 272 BC, "Empress Xuan lured and killed the king of Yi Qu in Ganquan Palace", and then he sent his troops to destroy Yi Qu and set up Beidi and Longxi in this old place.
Beidi County governs Yiqu County.
social assessment
From the establishment of the Tribal Kingdom in Wuyi period of Shang Dynasty to the reign of King Zhao of Qin Dynasty, the Yi Qu nationality existed for more than 800 years, including the establishment of the slave kingdom in the land of Qin Dynasty (772-272 BC) for 500 years.
The history of Guyiqu fully shows that China has been a multi-ethnic country since ancient times. People of all ethnic groups have worked, lived and struggled in the motherland's land, and together they have created splendid history and culture and promoted the pace of ethnic harmony.
National unity and national unity are the common aspirations of people of all ethnic groups and the mainstream of historical development.