According to the main aspects of risk factors, risks can be divided into three categories: technical, environmental and economic risks, and risks in contract signing and performance. They mainly include the following categories:
(a) technical and environmental risks
1, geological basic conditions. In general, the employer should provide corresponding geological data and technical requirements for foundation, but these data are sometimes quite different from the actual situation, so dealing with abnormal geological conditions or encountering other obstacles will increase the workload and extend the construction period.
2. Hydrometeorological conditions. It is mainly manifested in the occurrence of abnormal weather, such as typhoon, rainstorm, heavy snow, flood, debris flow, landslide and other natural conditions that affect the construction, which will cause delays in the construction period and property losses.
3. Construction preparation. Due to natural and man-made obstacles in the surrounding environment of the construction site provided by the owner or insufficient preparation for "three links and one leveling", the construction enterprise can't do well the preparatory work in the early stage of construction, which brings difficulties to the normal operation of the project construction.
4, design changes or drawings supply is not timely. Design changes will affect the construction arrangement and bring a series of problems; If the design drawings are not provided in time, the construction progress will be delayed, the contractor's construction period will be delayed, and economic losses will be caused.
5. Technical specifications. Especially for the special working procedures other than technical specifications, because the employer did not explicitly adopt standards and specifications, there was no good coordination and unification in the process, which affected the acceptance and settlement of the project in the future.
6, construction technology coordination. In the process of engineering construction, there are engineering technical problems that are not suitable for their own technical professional ability, and it is difficult to coordinate among the majors in time. Due to the poor technical level of project management of the employer, he asked the contractor for technical problems that needed to be solved by the employer, but did not give a timely reply.
Economic risk
1, bidding documents. This is the main basis for bidding, especially for bidders. There are potential economic risks in design drawings, engineering quality requirements, contract terms and bill of quantities, which must be carefully analyzed and studied.
2. Factor market price. Factor market includes labor market, material market and equipment market. The price changes in these markets, especially the price increase, directly affect the project contract price.
3. Financial market factors. Financial market factors, including changes in deposit and loan interest rates and currency depreciation, also affect the economic benefits of the project.
4. Supply of funds, materials and equipment. The main performance is that the quality of funds, materials or equipment supplied by the employer is unqualified or the supply is not timely.
5. National policy adjustment. The macro-control of wages, taxes and tax rates by the state will bring certain risks to construction enterprises.
(C) risks in contract signing and performance
1. Defective and obviously unfair contract. The terms of the contract are not comprehensive and perfect, and the words are not meticulous and rigorous, which leads to loopholes in the contract. For example, in the terms of the contract, there are imperfect or no corresponding terms such as guarantee, claim and insurance. This kind of transfer risk, the lack of clauses that cause delay or economic loss due to the influence of third parties, and unbalanced clauses such as unilateral constraints and overly harsh rights.
2. The credit factor of the developer. The economic situation of the employer deteriorates, resulting in poor performance ability and inability to pay the project payment; The employer has a poor reputation, does not keep its promise, does not settle the project according to the contract, and deliberately defaults on the project payment.
3. Subcontracting. Improper selection of subcontractors, failure to complete the subcontracted project on time due to subcontractor's breach of contract, thus affecting the whole project progress or causing economic losses.
4. performance. During the performance of the contract, due to the inefficiency of the employer's representative or supervision engineer, the problems encountered cannot be solved in time, or even the wrong instructions are issued.