6-7 months
The normal weight of the baby at this stage is between 6 kg and 9.5 kg, the head circumference is between 39.5 cm and 45.5 cm, and the body length is between 62-72 cm.
What are the important developments in baby's behavior and cognition at this stage? What should we pay attention to?
At this time, the baby's first important change is that he will start to explore the near-end environment, so we will find that the baby's field of vision is gradually getting bigger. Six months ago, the baby observed the surrounding environment with a field of vision of 90 degrees, but now he can observe the surrounding environment with a field of vision of 180 degrees, and the baby's field of vision is slowly expanding up and down. At this time, the baby can see farther and wider.
The second change is that the baby's auditory localization ability will become more and more mature at this time, and the ability to locate sounds will become better, so now the baby will be more clear about the changes of external sounds.
The third change is the baby's hand. It was mentioned in the last article that the baby began to degenerate completely in grasping reflex after 6 months, so the baby can use his palm independently at this time. At this time, the baby will start to grasp things with his palm and hold toys and other things. At this time, we will find that the baby will grasp things tightly by himself.
At this time, there will be a most obvious change in the baby, which all our parents must pay attention to, that is, the fine movements are developed. At this time, the most obvious change in the baby is that the baby's two hands begin to alternate, and we will find that the baby begins to take things with his right hand, then cross the middle line and put them on his left hand, and the baby's ability to coordinate the movements of both hands appears, which is a very important change for the baby at this time.
Babies who have reached the age of six months can already pick up all kinds of small toys around them by themselves, so we should pay attention to putting away dangerous goods at home at this time.
Besides the development of hands, what about the development of body muscles?
At this time, the baby's anti-gravity muscle group has slowly begun to develop the trunk. At this stage, the baby's focus is on developing the upper trunk, and the baby's ability to get on the trunk will become better and better.
At this time, play some small games and do some interaction with the baby. We will find that at this time, the baby's neck and head can be lifted by itself, and the whole upper torso can be lifted by itself. The whole person can bend and tilt freely, unlike six months ago, only the head can be lifted, and it may be difficult to lift it elsewhere.
We will find that after the stability of the baby's upper torso is mature at this time, the whole upper torso can also be lifted. The most obvious action is that the baby can spin in the same place, that is, the belly is stuck on the ground like a turntable and circled on the ground. At this time, it means that the baby's upper torso is mature. At this time, we can take some small toys to guide the baby, for example, make some sounds around the baby to attract his attention. Let the baby try to explore by himself. The main purpose of this is to let the baby slowly widen and enlarge his vision. At this time, the baby's vision is about 180 degrees, and he can look at it from left to right, so he can see it more widely. So at this time, we play some grasping games for the baby, and then put these objects in the extreme left and right, even a little bit above and below, and there are knocking games and two toys.
At this stage, the baby will also have a major breakthrough in language development. At this time, the baby's language imitation ability has begun to improve. It is no longer a monosyllabic repetition a few months ago, but a two-syllable sound will appear, that is, a two-syllable sound will begin to appear.
7-8 months
At this stage, the normal weight of the baby is between 6.4 kg and 10.3 kg, the length is about 63.9 cm to 74.3 cm, and the head circumference is between 40.5 kg and 46.5 cm. What are the important developments of the baby at this stage?
During this period, the trunk part of the baby's anti-gravity muscle group will begin to become more and more mature. What is the most obvious change in this period? That is, the baby can sit up by himself, and we will find that the baby can sit up by himself without hands at this time.
Usually, most babies who have reached the age of 7 months have been able to sit up on their own, and they can sit, eat and play games. In fact, we should pay more attention at this time, because the baby has just learned to sit, and it is still possible to sit unsteadily and fall backwards. We can put a big pillow behind the baby to protect the baby's head.
In addition, many babies will crawl by themselves at this time. In fact, they will start crawling by themselves at 7 months.
The crawling mentioned here is not that the baby can shake back and forth, but that the baby's ass can shake back and forth and climb forward. This ability can't be achieved until the baby's lower torso is mature. Therefore, it is said that the baby can climb forward, climb back or shake in the posture of climbing all-four. This may have to be done when the baby is a little older, so many people will say that "seven sitting and eight crawling" is the origin of this.
That is to say, when the baby is 7 months old, he can climb, but when he can really climb independently or is mature and diversified, it will be 8-9 months. At this time, we should not worry, and when the baby's calf is stronger, he can naturally climb better.
Where else does the baby develop at this stage?
At this time, the baby will have a very important change, that is, the baby will begin to have a more obvious concept of object persistence, and this ability will begin to appear at this time. What does object persistence mean?
The persistence of an object means that the baby is out of sight and out of mind before this time period, so it doesn't exist in his mind.
However, after 7 months, the baby is not so gullible. Although the baby's object persistence ability is available at this time, it is still in a very low-level initial stage. For example, if we put a piece of cloth on the toy now, the baby will think it is gone if he didn't see it before, but at this time, the baby will observe the outline hint on the cloth, and he will know that the toy is still under it and will open the cloth to cover the toy by himself.
So at this time, we can play some small games similar to hide and seek with the baby, such as covering some toys with cloth for the baby to find. We can use this hidden game to strengthen the baby's ability to keep things alive, that is to say, the baby has begun to remember things and recognize people at this time, so we will find another related change at this stage, which is also the most interesting and important change in the baby's development stage. It's called "stranger anxiety".
Before 7-8 months, we will find that although the baby will recognize people, he will only recognize people he often contacts.
For example, the baby will recognize his mother, and his reaction to his mother will be better than others, but we will find that before 7-8 months, basically no one will resist taking care of him, but his reaction to his mother will be better.
But eight months later, the obvious change came out, that is, the baby will have the psychological illusion that strangers are anxious. He will start some people not to cry, for example, strangers will start to cry, and if they turn around and hug their parents, they will stop crying immediately.
This is because the baby's attachment development is not dependent on a specific object from two months to seven months.
However, after 7 months, the baby will begin to enter the so-called explicit attachment, or it is more differentiated and has the attachment of a specific object.
We will find the baby's state of "who I want" at this time, so the baby's stranger anxiety will become very strong at this time. In fact, after 8 months, especially between 1 year-old tail, we will feel that such behavior will become very strong at this time, so when we take care of the baby at this time, we must know a concept that there are two "periods" before the baby's attachment relationship is mature at the age of two.
The first time period is our present stage, the tail from July to August to one year old. At this time, the baby will have the strongest stranger anxiety.
The second stage is from 15 months to 20 months, which is almost at the tail of 2 years old. At this time, the baby will have the strongest separation anxiety.
This kind of change will occur in these two periods, which is actually very normal, but we should not aggravate the baby's anxiety in these two periods, and we should not deliberately change the original living environment or caregivers, because the baby is in a sensitive period during this period, and random changes will make the baby more anxious.
In fact, the baby will have this sensitive period of "stranger anxiety" during this period, because during this period, the baby's brain will secrete a lot of "endorphine", which is called "autistic degeneration".
When we humans are very anxious, the brain will secrete a very interesting chemical called "nedorphine", which will make our brain happy, which is a self-protection mechanism. Things like nedorphine can make people happy, but its side effect is that it will hurt our brains.
Especially before the baby is two years old, during this period, the baby's central nervous system is still very fragile. If nedorphine is secreted excessively in this period, it will have the opposite effect. It will damage the baby's brain structure and brain tissue. If it just hurts the baby's frontal lobe, it will have a great impact on the baby. The frontal lobe of our brain is the highest function of the brain and the most fragile mirror neuron. These important functions are all in the frontal lobe of the brain. Once the frontal lobe function is degraded, it will be secreted and degraded by nedorphine, and the baby's own behavior will change accordingly, and there may be autistic changes.
Therefore, we should pay special attention at this time, and the caregivers and living environment of the baby should not be changed at will at these two important time points before the age of two.
Besides these, what else should we pay attention to?
At this time, we have to pay attention to the baby's daily routine to see if it becomes more regular, and when the baby gets up and goes to bed.
At this time, we should help the baby to gradually establish a good schedule. Generally, the baby must sleep before 8: 00 pm. The baby's life schedule must be very healthy and regular, and our own life schedule should be regular when we take care of the baby.
Furthermore, we should not always change people to take care of the baby. The main caregivers should be very clear, and the baby's living environment should basically not change too much. We should also give the baby a relatively stable environment. Simply put, the baby's whole life schedule and environment should be very orderly and consistent, which will be more beneficial to the baby's future development.
8-9 months
At this stage, the baby's normal weight is between 6.5 kg and 10.5 kg, the body length is about 64.5 cm to 75.5 cm, and the head circumference is between 40.9 cm and 46.9 cm. What changes have taken place in the baby's other development besides physical development at this stage?
During the period of 8 to 9 months, the baby will have a very important change, that is, the baby will have more than four kinds of actions to play with toys. Before this period, we will find that the baby's operation mode for a toy is very monotonous, and the baby is biting and throwing toys.
But now the baby will operate a toy in many ways, and he will use more than four ways: grasping, pulling, buckling, shaking, etc. In fact, we will find these details after careful observation.
This time period means that the baby's ability to explore objects will become better and better. In this process, the baby can learn more and more about the attributes of an object, and the gameplay of functional games begins to develop here.
What is functional gameplay? It is to operate according to the basic attributes of the object. This is called functional gameplay. For example, the baby will know that the car is pushed and the tambourine is shaken.
Therefore, the baby will begin to develop diversified operation modes during this period, which is a very important basis for the functional development of the baby between the ages of/kloc-0 and 3.
So what should we pay attention to?
At this time, the demonstration made by our parents is very important, because our demonstration is the most intuitive teaching for the baby. Now, the baby's play with toys has changed from simplification to diversification, and we have to enjoy ourselves.
At this time, the baby will also observe us and imitate us. In fact, at this time, we will start to guide the baby and teach him how to make a toy a functional play.
At this time, we must start to interact and play games with the baby, that is, we want to play for the baby, and it is a diversified way to play for the baby and teach the baby how to play.
When playing games with the baby, we should guide the baby. The key point is to guide the baby to explore an object in a diversified way, that is, let the baby learn more kinds of operation methods, operate an object and play with a toy through our demonstration.
Here I once again emphasize the baby's autonomous function. The baby's autonomous ability is definitely not created out of thin air, but is gradually developed by the baby's autonomous learning and the intentional or unintentional teaching of our parents.
So our company is very important.
We play with the baby, and we explore intellectual toys with the baby, which can stimulate the baby's brain development, and we will also get a lot of fun and enhance the parent-child relationship in the interaction with the baby.
In addition, what other developments should the baby of 8 to 9 months pay attention to?
At the age of 8 months, the baby's upper central incisors will slowly grow out. At first, there will be two teeth in the upper jaw and two teeth in the lower jaw, which will add up to four teeth. At this time, the baby will learn to chew, and the chewing action will be brought out because of the baby's own development.
Therefore, the baby will chew more after 8 months. At this time, we can use some toys, such as tooth fixators or chewing sticks, which allow children to bite and chew. We will prepare more toys, because at this time, the baby especially likes to bite, or we can give some tooth cakes and some soft and crisp food to the baby to chew, because at this stage, the baby likes to take food by himself and put it in his mouth.
At this time of 8 9 months, the development of the whole anti-gravity muscle group has reached the lower torso. What changes will happen after the lower torso matures?
The first one is that the baby can not only sit up, but also sit for a longer time. Compared with seven months, the baby can sit and play for ten minutes or twenty minutes now, and sit steadily, so it is more convenient for us to interact and play games with the baby at this time.
In addition, the baby's ability in crawling will get better and better. At this time, the baby can hold things and slowly try to stand up by himself. During this period, the baby's ability began to appear slowly, that is, the baby will start to learn to stand up by himself at this stage.
Moreover, at this time, if the baby crawls, he can crawl before and after, and the crawling ability is already very good. The crawling function is basically mature. We must have heard of it more or less. The baby must crawl when he is young. If he doesn't learn to crawl, it will be bad. Why not learn to crawl?
The key point of not climbing is not coordination. What is the most important implication of 0- 1 year-old baby not climbing?
The most important thing is that there is a problem with the baby's anti-gravity muscle group. If the baby doesn't climb by himself at this stage, the first one is that the baby's natural anti-gravity muscle group has problems. For example, some babies with cerebral palsy and brain injury have poor muscle tension, and he has no way to climb at all.
The second one: a baby who doesn't crawl on his own may imply that his anti-gravity muscle group training is not solid enough. He may have been held by us since he was a child, and we basically didn't give the baby room for his own activities. In this case, the baby's anti-gravity muscle group can certainly not be trained.
Therefore, not climbing implies that the baby's anti-gravity muscle group is either congenital or acquired. We should know that the anti-gravity muscle group is the basis for the baby's whole movement development in the future. If the baby's anti-gravity muscle group's gross movement, fine movement and anti-gravity muscle group function are not well developed, the problem is invisible now, but when the baby develops gross movements in the next 2-4 years, Or wait until the baby is 3 and a half years old, 4 to 8 years old and develops fine movements. At that time, the baby's problems will jump out, which means it is really necessary for us to let the baby climb and move more.
9- 10 months
At this stage, the normal weight of the baby is between 6.5 kg and 1 1 kg, the length is between 65.9 cm and 76 cm, and the head circumference is between 4 1.5-47.5 cm.
Besides physical development, how is the baby developing in other aspects?
The most obvious change in this period of time is that the baby will intentionally use his own voice to start the interaction with us. At this time, the baby will actively use the voice to call us to play with him.
What is the baby's development order? As we mentioned in the last article, it is feeling, movement and language.
Oral sensation brings oral action. 8-9 months is the baby's oral sensation development. This month naturally brings out oral action, which is "language".
So the baby's next obvious change this month is to learn a language. At this time, the baby will start to speak something that seems to be a language, but we can't understand what the baby is saying.
And this month's baby, under some hints, some gestures or some environmental hints, we will find that the baby seems to be beginning to understand what we are talking to him, and can understand the conversation between adults.
For example, if we hold a snack in our hands and ask our baby if we want to eat it, the baby may nod or come and get it directly, but the baby's understanding is still very shallow.
There is a scientific name here called situational understanding. What is situational understanding?
That is, the baby doesn't really understand the meaning of every word we say, but he will recognize what we say, the tone, or the sound line change of the cadence tone, and then cooperate with the environment, our gestures, or our facial expressions and some non-verbal messages, so the baby seems to be able to understand what we are saying, so we should interact more with the baby at this time, and the baby will come to us actively. We must give the baby a correct and timely response.
Don't say that we ignore the baby when we are busy, which is not acceptable, especially at this time, if we ignore the baby, it will quench the baby's desire to interact, and the baby will not actively interact with us, which will also cause the baby's interaction ability to decline.
When we want to interact with our baby, we should remember a skill, that is, both spoken and non-spoken language are very important, that is, we should not only use spoken language, but also provide him with a lot of non-spoken information, including gestures, facial expressions and tone changes. When we talk to our baby, it is different from talking to adults. When we talk to our baby, we should slow down, and our cadence should be deliberate. The most important thing is to help the baby understand.
Besides oral language development, what about the development of body movements at this time?
At the age of 8 9 months, the baby can stand up with something. By September10, the key point is that the baby can squat down with something. At this time, the baby is very interesting. We have an old saying that "going up the mountain is easier than going down". Going up is definitely easier than going down, because the stability requirement for going down will be greater, so what the baby can practice at this stage is to hold the stool, sofa and wall, and then.
10- 1 1 month
At this stage, the normal weight of the baby is between 6.8kg- 1 1.2kg, the length is between 67cm and 78cm, and the head circumference is between 41.7cm-47.8cm. What about other developments except physical development?
The first big change at this stage is that the baby will consciously start some functional games by himself. We can find that the baby will consciously put some things in the container at this time, or try to dig out some parts for assembling toys, or take some toys out of the toy pile. What does this mean?
This represents that the baby now has the concept of a container, that is, in the baby's mind, it can put things in this thing that I often play, and the baby will now start to have some stereotyped operations.
Another change is related to the development of the concept of object permanence. By this month, the baby can start to remember the location of the object briefly. For example, when he looks for a toy ball, he will turn it over from the toy pile, which means that the baby now remembers that the toy ball should be in the toy pile, but he can't see it now, but it must be persistent, and the object will always exist somewhere inside.
What kind of games should we play with the baby to stimulate him at this stage?
At this time, we will find that if we hide, the baby will come to you, and we can play hide-and-seek or treasure hunt with the baby. What are we practicing playing this game with the baby? I' m practicing short-term memory.
At this time, the baby still likes to stand, because in the late one-year-old, the focus of the baby's whole anti-gravity muscle group development has returned to the hip (buttocks). At that time, the baby's physical movement ability has changed. The first one: the baby can start to move with the wall.
At this time, the baby can't walk independently, but the baby has a way to hold our body or the wall and start moving. At this time, we can let go for a short time, and sometimes let the baby try to move by himself. The baby's hip function is just beginning to develop, but the stability is not so good at first, so we still need to do more snacks.
Now that the baby can walk with his hands, can he take a walker?
Personally, I don't recommend a walker. In the past, many parents bought a walker for their baby this month, because at this time, the baby was learning to walk and could move with the help of walls or other objects. But at this time, we gave the baby a walker, which means the baby moved with the help of the walker.
Why don't I personally recommend using a walker?
Because the feedback from the walker to the baby's action experience is wrong, that is, when we really walk, we will fall when we lean to a certain angle, but no matter which angle we lean on the walker, it will help the baby hold on, so it gives the baby the wrong action experience. The action behavior established by the baby under the wrong experience feedback is actually different from the actual learning to walk.
That is to say, when we put our baby on the walker, the baby will walk, but after leaving the walker, will the baby walk?
No, that's totally different, so using a walker will hinder the baby's development and really walk naturally, so I personally suggest that the baby should try not to use a walker for a while, but we should help the baby and encourage him to learn to walk by himself. At this time, it is very important to have fences everywhere in the house, which is very suitable for the baby at this time. Because the baby has to move and walk a lot at this time, we should start to encourage the baby to hold things to move.
Some people think that there are safety considerations for the walker. Some even think that the walker will cause the baby's bad habit of O-legs and toe pads. However, compared with the parents who care for the baby, it is really convenient to have a walker. If you want to use the walker for your baby, you should consider the frequency and time of use.
1 1- 12 months
At this stage, the normal weight of the baby is between 7kg- 1 1.5kg, the height is about 68cm-79cm, and the head circumference is between 43cm-48.2cm. Besides the physical development, what is the other development of the baby at this stage?
At this time, the baby will start to explore the far-end environment. Now the baby will not only explore the near end and the side, but also explore the far-end environment, so the most obvious change is that we will find that the baby can start to look at things beyond 3 meters.
When the baby is looking at things far away, his hands can't touch them, and no matter how much he can move his body, he can't touch anything more than 3 meters, so the baby will start to pay attention to the changes of people and things more far away than 3 meters, and he can maintain his attention for several minutes.
Generally, there is a very simple formula for the algorithm of baby's attention at this time period, that is, how is the baby's attention at this time period good and how is it bad?
In fact, the simplest algorithm for a preschool baby is to multiply his age by 3 to 5 to convert it into minutes, which is a very reasonable time for the baby to pay attention. Of course, this emphasizes neutral activities. The so-called neutral activities are not the favorite or the most annoying. Ordinary activities, such as a one-year-old baby's attention, should be about 3-5 minutes, and his concentrated observation of distant objects is about 3 minutes.
The baby's concentration time is so short at this time, so what games can we play with the baby?
At this time, we can start to play some simple interactive games with the baby, with a little more people, or interactive games with more than two people, such pppassss passing the ball to the first child, the first one to the second one, the second one to the third one, and passing the ball.
The simple interactive game of passing the ball has the nature of maintaining attention. The baby should maintain attention, because the ball is sometimes near the end and sometimes moves to the far end, and the baby should maintain it.
A baby who is about to turn one year old can be said to be a voice-activated baby. At this time, the baby will begin to have the ability to follow instructions. By112 months, he can understand and do things according to instructions. For example, we can ask the baby to bring us something, some simple daily objects and familiar objects, and ask the baby to bring us something.
In addition to the ability to follow instructions, the development of body movements is also very mature.
At this time, the stability of the baby's anti-gravity muscle group, the last part of the hip, is more mature. One obvious ability is that the baby can squat down now, even a bit like a high kneeling position. He can also hold something and then squat down to pick it up.