The area under the jurisdiction of Shijiazhuang City is an area with early development of human civilization and profound cultural heritage. The Baifokou cultural site in the urban area is the earliest human site in the plain area discovered in the city at present, about 6000-7000 years ago; Fuxitai, the ancient ruins of Xinle, proves that Fu, the ancestor of Chinese humanities, lived here more than 6000 years ago. The culture of Sun Yat-sen in the Warring States Period is an important link in the historical and cultural context of Shijiazhuang, and it is also a splendid culture that attracts worldwide attention after western merchant cultures such as Gaocheng and Taiwan Province. During the Han Dynasty, Taihang Mountain in the west of Shijiazhuang was always one of the important metallurgical bases for manufacturing weapons, armor and production tools, hence the name "Yehe". The Han and Tang Dynasties witnessed the revival and prosperity of Buddhism and Taoism in China, and the religious culture of Hengzhou and Zhaozhou also left a splendid chapter in the religious history of China. Bailin Temple in Zhaozhou, which is said to have been built in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is an older Buddhist temple in Hebei. The most brilliant historical achievement in the Sui and Tang Dynasties culture in Shijiazhuang is the Anji Bridge in Zhaozhou, which is recognized as the originator of the world's large open-shouldered stone arch bridge, occupies a prominent position in the history of bridge construction in the world, and has been recognized as the world's human cultural heritage by the United Nations. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the cultural celebrities of Shijiazhuang nationality were Li Jifu; During the Northern Song Dynasty, Fu Bi, Han Qi, Ouyang Xiu, Shen Kuo, Su Shi and other famous ministers worked in Hebei successively, and all left footprints in Zhengding (now Zhengding), which promoted the economic and cultural prosperity of this area. The representative works of Shijiazhuang's architectural artistic achievements in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties are the bridge buildings and temples of Fuqing Temple in Cangyan Mountain, Jingxing. The bridge and the temple are integrated, flying in the air between deep streams in thousands of feet, like a dancing rainbow. The design form is ingenious and the building is majestic and steep, which reflects the superb architectural technology and aesthetic attainments of the working people at that time. In the field of artistic creation, there are famous murals of Pilu Temple in Shangjing. These murals have inherited and developed the traditional techniques of ancient murals in China, and reached a high level in composition, line drawing, color and character modeling. At this time, the achievements of natural science are also very fruitful. Ye Li, a famous mathematician and scholar, laid the foundation of China's elementary algebra and marked the highest achievement of world mathematics in13rd century. At the beginning of the 20th century, Pinghan Railway (now Beijing-Guangzhou Railway) and Zheng Tai Railway (now Shitai Railway) were built one after another and met here. Shijiazhuang developed gradually with the construction of railway. 1925, the city was originally named Shijiazhuang (later renamed Shimen). 1947165438+1October 12 Shijiazhuang was liberated and became one of the earliest big cities in China. In the same year, 65438+February 26th, Shijiazhuang.

It was renamed Shijiazhuang City. At that time, the city's population was 6.5438+0.9 million, and there were 27 large and small factories with a total industrial output value of about 20 million yuan. From May 1948 to March 1949, Xibaipo was the seat of the Central Committee of China and the headquarters of the China People's Liberation Army. Chairman Mao and the CPC Central Committee directed three major battles that shocked China and foreign countries, and held the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh China Producers' Party. 1968 65438+1On October 29th, the capital of Hebei moved to Shijiazhuang. June 30 1993 Shijiazhuang District Administrative Office merged with Shijiazhuang Municipal People's Government to form the new Shijiazhuang Municipal People's Government. Reform and opening up provide Shijiazhuang with opportunities to participate in the international economic cycle and build a modern metropolis. Shijiazhuang has attracted wide attention at home and abroad because of its superior geographical location and rich natural and human resources around Beijing, Tianjin and Bohai. In recent years, Shijiazhuang's urban infrastructure construction has developed rapidly, and its urban functions have been improved day by day, forming an urban road network pattern of three horizontals, six verticals, two rings and twelve radiations. First, a number of modern buildings and residential quarters with unique shapes have sprung up, and the urban landscape has undergone earth-shaking changes. Today's downtown Shijiazhuang is full of high-rise buildings and wide streets. "Minxin River" surrounds the city like a jade belt, and more than 20 parks along the river decorate the city like flowers.

Accidental opportunity, historical choice

Shijiazhuang has become the only big city in China that is prosperous due to railways. It is located in the south-central part of Hebei Province, in the Bohai Bay Economic Zone, 283 kilometers away from Beijing. According to the analysis of relevant historical data, Shijiazhuang Village was built in the early Ming Dynasty, and was originally the military camp and official village of Zhengding Wei. It was not until the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1688) that Shijiazhuang became a small village belonging to Huolu County (now Luquan City) in Zhengding Prefecture, facing the then calm city across the Hutuo River. According to the Records of Huolu County in Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, "Shijiazhuang is thirty-five miles southeast of the county seat, with six streets, six temples and four scenic springs". At the beginning of the 20th century, the area of Shijiazhuang village was less than 0. 1 km2, with only 200 families and more than 600 people. 1902, the Luhan (Han Jing Railway) invested by Fabi was built in Shijiazhuang, and a station was set up in Shijiazhuang. Because Shijiazhuang is not famous, Zhentou Station is named after Zhentou Town, which is not far away. 1903, Zheng Tai (now Shitai Railway) started construction. In order to reduce costs and avoid crossing the Hutuo River, the starting point of Zheng Tai Railway was changed from Zhengding to Zhentou Station. Historical events are like a kaleidoscope, which makes the world overwhelmed. Due to accidental factors, Shijiazhuang became the intersection of two railways, which brought about great changes in a region at the beginning of the century. A small rural village was lifted by the rumbling wheels, moving the political, economic, military and cultural center of a region to the south, replacing Zhengding first, and then Baoding, becoming a major town in North China that controls the south gate of Yanjing, grips the throats of Hebei and Shanxi, and connects Qilu and the Central Plains. The southward movement of Zheng Tai Road is the inducement of Shijiazhuang's urbanization from the countryside, and the real fundamental factor is the rise and development of modern industry. With the opening of the railway line, a number of modern industries have been established one after another, including: Zheng Tai General Machine Factory (now the predecessor of Shijiazhuang Vehicle Factory) established in the east of Shijiazhuang Village; Daxing Cotton Mill is Shijiazhuang Daxing Textile Co., Ltd.; Jingxing mine and zhengfeng mine, etc. The rise of large-scale industries in modern times led to the rise and development of small and medium-sized industries. 1920 Shicang Road is built on the east side of the railway. At the same time, Pinghe cotton ginning company and Wanhua soap company also rose to the east of the railway. Subsequently, a large number of rural population concentrated in Shijiazhuang. By 1930, the number of industrial workers alone will reach 16000, which has greatly promoted the process of urbanization in Shijiazhuang. At the beginning of the 20th century, Shijiazhuang was a small village under the jurisdiction of Huolu County. At that time, Deer Catcher was the distribution center of goods for Children's Eyes, Zhaolian and Sanjin, and was known as the "dry dock for gold every day". However, with the opening of Zhengzhou-Taiyuan Railway, the dry dock, which is increasingly competing for gold, has gradually moved eastward, and Shijiazhuang's commerce and service industries have become increasingly prosperous, gradually replacing the status of Deer Catcher and becoming another important factor in urban modernization.

A leap from the countryside to the town.

The implementation of this decision has led to the change of Shijiazhuang's traffic status and has also become the leading factor in the rise of the new city. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907 10), Zheng Tai Railway was completed and opened to traffic, making Shijiacun East the intersection of Han Jing Railway and Zheng Tai Railway. At that time, road traffic was very backward, and railway traffic played a very important role in material distribution and commodity circulation activities. Therefore, the rapid promotion of Shijiazhuang's railway transportation status has induced the all-round rise of industry and commerce, service industry and financial industry, and accelerated the urbanization process of Shijiazhuang's population. By 1925, the block area of Shijiazhuang village to the west of the railway has reached 1.8 square kilometers, which has begun to form the embryonic form of a small town and become a new city with the scale of Huolu County and Zhengding County. Street view of Guang 'an Street in Shijiazhuang during this period.

This is the period when China's modern urban organizational system was brewed and established. In this context. On June 24th of that year, the Provisional Ruling Order of the Republic of China approved Zhili Province 1 1 town to implement the municipal autonomy system from July of 1 year, in which "Shijiazhuang City" takes Shijiazhuang as its district. However, due to the shortage of industrial and commercial population 1 10,000 in Shijiazhuang Village and its surrounding areas, Huolu County decided to merge Xiumen and Chestnut Village to the east of the railway, bringing the population of this new town to 33,077. After many consultations, Shijiazhuang and Xiumen were selected as "Shimen City". On August 29th of the same year, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China approved the merger of Shijiazhuang and Qiumen, Zhili Province, and renamed it Shimen City with the order number. 127 13. As can be seen from the documents of the government of the Republic of China at that time, the concept of "city" is very confusing in use and has many similarities with small towns. It is not the standard concept of an established city at all, nor is it a first-level administrative division. Therefore, Shimen City at this time, like Hulu City, Zhengding City and Xinji City, is just a small town management model. From 65438 to 0928, China began to take "city" as its administrative system. The government of the Republic of China promulgated the Outline of the Organic Law of Ordinary Cities and the Outline of the Organic Law of Special Cities, which stipulated the conditions for the establishment of ordinary cities and special cities, and created a precedent for the municipal organizational system in China. Previously, zhili province 1 1 the so-called "city" implemented the "city autonomy system", which obviously did not meet the conditions for setting up a city, so it was completely cancelled. Although Shimen City was not established, it did not stop the process of urbanization in Shijiazhuang. With the continuous development of industry and commerce, a large number of rural population concentrated in Shimen, or enriched industrial workers, or engaged in commerce, service industry, or operated small workshops and handicrafts. By 1930, the total number of industrial workers in Shimen has reached more than 16000. 1July, 933, there were about 230 industrial and commercial households (including banks, money houses and industrial and commercial enterprises) in Shimen. With the improvement of traffic conditions, telecommunications and postal services are also developing continuously. In order to adapt to the growing industry and commerce, the number of social management organs in Shimen is also increasing, including Shimen District Court, Shimen District Procuratorate and Shimen Special Public Security Bureau. In terms of taxation, there are Shijiazhuang Unified Tax Administration Office, Shimen District Tax Collection Bureau, Shimen Slaughter Inspection and Taxation Bureau, Southwest Mineral Taxation Bureau, Hebei Jiuqu Tobacco and Alcohol Tax Collection Branch, Huolu County Shantou Cahua Ziya Tax Collection Office, etc. At the same time, Shimen's army, gendarmerie, various administrative organs, officials, attaché s and other people from all walks of life, such as military, politics, commerce, taxation and so on, have been expanding and the population has been growing. By June 1937, the total population of Shimen reached more than 72 100. Judging from the city scale and traffic conditions at that time, Shijiazhuang has replaced Lucheng as a distribution center for materials between Shanxi and Hebei provinces, and is gradually replacing Zhengding as a transportation, postal and communication center in this area. 1937 10 June10, the Japanese invaders occupied Shimen. They attached great importance to the traffic status of Shimen and adopted a series of measures to cultivate Shimen into a military base for their long-term occupation of North China. On the one hand, it will increase the number of troops, expand the scale of cities and strengthen its military status. On the other hand, the puppet regime was fostered here, and the puppet "Shimen Municipal Office Preparatory Office" was established on June 5438+0938 65438+1October 5438+05. 1939, the office of the puppet Hebei Province wrote to the administrative committee of the puppet North China Provisional Government, saying: "Shimen is in the center of Han Jing Road, the starting point of Zheng Da Road, with concentrated products and industrial and commercial gathering. Although the population is less than 300,000 and there are special political and economic conditions, it is planned to apply for a city establishment permit. " In the same year1October 7th, 65438, Wang Kemin issued the instruction of the administrative committee (Mi ZiNo. 1027), approving the establishment of Shimen City. 194 1 year, Shijiazhuang-Dezhou Railway was completed and opened to traffic, connecting Han Jing Railway and Jinpu Railway, further improving Shijiazhuang's traffic and economic status. In fact, Shimen City has become a new central city in this area during the Japanese-puppet period, and its political, economic and military status is much higher than Zhengding City. However, due to the anti-Japanese democratic regime and anti-Japanese armed forces led by China's * * * production party, they insisted on activities in Zhengding, Huolu and other surrounding counties, and constantly attacked the Shimen Japanese puppet regime. Therefore, Shimen City is only a military town under the control of the invaders, and it does not have the attributes of a central city in terms of administration, regional management, economic radiation and cultural influence. Messi Mansion, Shijiazhuang City, China People's Liberation Army 165438+ 10/2.

When soldiers were released to conquer Shimen, Shimen (the first city conquered by the People's Liberation Army) established the first people's political power centered on the city. On February 26th of the same year, at 65438, Shimen Municipal People's Government issued a notice to rename Shimen Shijiazhuang. At the same time, the establishment of the People's Government of North China in Shijiazhuang marks the initial establishment of its position as a political center. After the founding of New China, Shijiazhuang's political, economic and cultural status has been further improved, and it has become the seat of Shijiazhuang Special Zone, which governs Zhengding, Huolu and other 17 counties. Since then, it has truly become the political center of this region, thus completely replacing the status of Zhengding City and becoming the central city of Shijiazhuang in this region. February 3 1968 Hebei Province will be moved from Baoding to Shijiazhuang. In just over forty years, the urban population has rapidly expanded from 600,000 to 2.4 million. By 2009, the population reached 9.86 million.