The industrial and commercial simulation market training is based on the idea of "employment-oriented" in higher vocational education, focusing on the training link that allows students to comprehensively practice various professional courses and comprehensively cultivate professional skills and comprehensive quality. Training is to realize the effective integration and comprehensive practice of comprehensive knowledge of economics, management, enterprise planning, enterprise management, marketing, enterprise finance, accounting practice, tax practice, economic regulations, public relations, advertising practice, e-commerce and other disciplines. Students comprehensively use this knowledge to complete in-depth and comprehensive training in the whole process of simulating enterprise personnel combination, market survey, enterprise registration, booth bidding, fund raising, purchasing and purchasing, booth planning, decoration and layout, marketing plan formulation, advertising, market development, commodity management, financial accounting, tax payment according to regulations, and summary and improvement. The details are as follows:
First, complete the personnel combination of the simulated enterprise.
1, based on the principles of complementary advantages, complementary advantages and voluntary combination, set up a simulated enterprise organization with 9 employees in each enterprise.
2. According to the relevant functions of the simulated enterprise, there are responsible persons, financial personnel, purchasing personnel, marketing personnel, etc.
3. Students participating in the training must join the enterprise and be responsible for the work of corresponding positions.
Second, conduct market research.
1. All simulation enterprises should make market research plans according to the specific market demand and consumption characteristics of more than 5,000 people in our hospital.
2. Design the market questionnaire and print 100-200 copies.
3. Conduct market research in various forms.
4. Complete the investigation report to lay a good foundation for the next operation.
Third, enterprise registration
1. Discuss the name, business scope and registered capital of the research enterprise.
2. According to the requirements of the market management department, complete the industrial and commercial and tax registration of the enterprise.
Fourth, participate in booth bidding.
1. Observe the geographical location of each booth in advance and make comparative analysis and judgment.
2. Enterprise members choose several target booths according to their own product characteristics, business scale, business objectives, marketing strategies and other factors.
3. Understand the specific rules of applying the dutch auction method to the golden file and the ordinary auction method to the general file, and formulate the specific bidding strategy and price bottom line of this enterprise.
4. Each enterprise sends two people to participate in the unified booth bidding meeting.
Verb (short for verb) to raise money.
1, discuss and determine the total amount of funds raised.
2, discuss and determine the way to raise funds.
3. Raise funds needed for production and operation.
The purchase and purchase of goods with intransitive verbs
1, understand the market and purchase channels, shop around, and strive to purchase cheap and good quality goods.
2, determine the procurement period, payment method, mode of transportation, quality responsibility and other issues.
3. Successfully complete the procurement task before opening or during operation.
Seven, booth decoration and planning.
1. Plan the booth layout according to the product characteristics and enterprise name.
2. Booth layout requires creativity, low cost, self-help and environmental protection.
3. The members of the enterprise complete the decoration and layout of the booth by themselves before opening.
Make marketing plan and complete advertising.
1, advertising planning according to enterprise characteristics.
2, according to the characteristics of enterprises to develop marketing programs, especially in pricing and promotion.
IX. Simulated market opening
1. The opening ceremony will be held according to the unified arrangement of the whole department.
2, the first day of commodity management and enterprise management.
3, timely financial accounting, summing up experience and lessons.
X. Commodity Management and Enterprise Management
1, commodity management and enterprise management five days after opening.
2. Pay attention to training in procurement, production, sales, cost accounting, division of labor and cooperation, organization and management.
3, consciously abide by the market management rules, pay attention to electricity and health management.
Eleven, complete the financial accounting and pay taxes according to regulations.
1. Complete financial accounting as soon as possible after commodity operation.
2. Pay relevant taxes and fees as required.
3. Submit relevant information and participate in the appraisal.
Twelve. Summarize and improve
1, simulating the enterprise to hold a meeting to discuss and summarize the experience and lessons during the training.
2. Everyone completes the training diary and training report.
Application of "Business Simulation Company" in Practice Teaching
September 6, 2006 (No.97)
Wei (Guangxi No.2 Light Industry Technical School, Nanning, Guangxi 530026)
In the early 1990s, some domestic higher vocational colleges took the lead in introducing the practice teaching mode of "business simulation company" and built the network of business simulation companies. This new training mode fully embodies the teaching idea of competency-based vocational education in the practical teaching activities of finance, marketing, e-commerce and other majors, and maximizes students' professional experience and professional ability. As a low-consumption and high-efficiency training teaching mode at present, the training mode of "enterprise simulation company" is also suitable for the training teaching in technical schools.
Keywords: "commercial simulation company"; Network; Settings; use
Author's resume: Wei, director of accounting teaching and research section and director of e-commerce teaching and research section of Guangxi Second Light Technical School.
"Simulation Company" is a special business practice teaching mode, which originated from the Federal Republic of Germany in the economic recovery period after World War II in the 1950s. Today, the total number of simulation companies that have become a worldwide network of simulation companies has reached more than 2,900, distributed in 3 1 country. From 65438 to 0984, "business simulation company" was introduced to China as a training mode, and it was quickly recognized and popularized by the public. The teaching idea of simulation company is to learn theory and knowledge through practice, that is, to acquire trade theory and knowledge through trade business practice. In the simulation company, like the real company, there are administrative and human resources department, finance department, purchasing department, sales department, marketing department and other functional departments. Students practice in various departments of the simulation company in turn, and directly have business relations with other simulation companies at home and abroad, and directly contact with simulated social and economic departments, such as banking, industry and commerce, taxation, customs, commodity inspection, etc. In this simulated business activity, they are familiar with their careers. This will greatly mobilize students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning and realize the promotion from sensibility to rationality as soon as possible. To realize this effective practical teaching mode, it is necessary to establish a "business simulation company" in the school, become a member of the "simulation company network" and carry out business under the unified coordination of the "simulation center"
1 Introduction of "Simulation Company", "Simulation Company Network" and "Simulation Center"
The so-called "simulation company" refers to a teaching company established by students or trainees under the guidance of trainers and in accordance with relevant business rules. This fictitious company has a "business" relationship with other simulated companies in a closed economic system, which can cover all business activities of real companies except commodities and currencies. The main function of the simulation company is to cultivate some key skills related to business activities that students must master by using this most advanced and practical business vocational teaching method, and to cultivate their team spirit and social skills; Improve the level of foreign languages and promote the mutual penetration and integration of basic disciplines.
"Simulated company network" means that when a number of simulated companies in a country are established one after another, with the assistance of the National Central Bureau, all kinds of staggered trade relations occur between the companies in an orderly manner, and then the simulated company groups form a network. The simulated market relationship among many simulated companies constitutes the simulated company network. Because a single simulation company is a single business simulation, the actual work cannot be single, and it will inevitably happen between all departments and personnel within the enterprise, or between all departments and personnel outside the enterprise. Therefore, a single simulation company has no practical significance, and only by entering the simulation company network can it play a role.
The "simulation center", also known as the network coordination center, is the abbreviation of the national center office of the simulation company network. It is the fundamental guarantee for simulation companies to simulate microeconomic operation. Generally speaking, simulation companies with 10 or above need to establish a coordination center, and a country generally only needs to establish a coordination center. On behalf of all simulation companies in China, the center can apply to join the international association of simulation companies' network centers, namely EUROPEN Association. "Business Simulation Center" can provide various main services for the simulation company, such as: (1) simulation bank: it is responsible for handling the bank account and business transfer business of the simulation company; (2) Simulation registration center: handle the simulation company registration; (3) simulating the market: as a buffer company, organizing trade fairs; (4) Training Department: promoting the concept of simulation company; Help members to establish and operate simulation companies; (5) Development Research Department: network development; Publish "Analog Company" quality manual, etc. For example, 1998 set up the "China Business Simulation Company Network Center Office" in Wenzhou Vocational and Technical College, Wenzhou Higher Education Park, Zhejiang, China, which is a simulation center for the operation and management of business simulation companies, with more than 70 simulation companies. At present, the more mature functional modules are: simulated market, simulated bank, simulated registration center and simulated tax authorities. It is the coordination center of "China Business Simulation Company Network". At the same time, simulating the real business operation environment is the fundamental guarantee for simulating the micro-economy of the company.
2 "enterprise simulation company" training model in the technical school practice teaching prospects
2. 1 is the requirement of ability-based and practice-oriented teaching philosophy.
The field of vocational and technical education in China is gradually accepting and popularizing the teaching concept of ability-based and practice-oriented, and the change of the concept will inevitably lead to the change of teaching methods. Therefore, the simulation company teaching method has been paid more and more attention. Technical schools pay attention to students' practical teaching, emphasize practical operation and cultivate students' professional skills. In vocational and technical education, there are two important teaching modes, namely, case teaching method and simulation teaching method, and technical occupations are usually carried out in simulation factories. Business careers are usually carried out in simulation laboratories. The training mode of "business simulation company" emphasizes the concept of "learning by doing" in teaching methods. It integrates simulation factory and simulation laboratory, and takes students as the center in the teaching process, and students are the main body of learning. By practicing the teaching module of the simulation company, students are not only familiar with and master all kinds of business processing abilities, but also strengthen that students are the main body of learning, so that passive learning becomes active learning, students experience professional roles, and cultivate the ability to communicate and cooperate with the outside world, thus forming an atmosphere of mutual learning. The essence of the training program of simulation company is the combination of business activities under the coordination and restriction of behavior-oriented principles and professional principles, and it is an example of the successful application of competency-based thinking. Simulation companies are suitable for the production and operation of almost any commodity in the market, and also for the operation of almost any service project; The teaching major suitable for business simulation companies is not only marketing major, but also business major with big concept. Judging from the current situation of specialty setting in technical schools in China, marketing, business secretary, financial accounting, e-commerce, real estate operation and management, hotel operation and management, chain operation and management, foreign trade, etc. , can use the simulated company teaching method to implement their teaching process. In addition, it requires little time and space, and the actual operating cost is extremely low. The teaching crowd suitable for commercial simulation companies is not only students at school, but also students from secondary specialized schools. In addition to the above two items, it also includes higher vocational (vocational and technical college) students, unemployed people, laid-off or transferred workers, etc.
2.2 is the inevitable development of online education.
According to statistics, at present, the computer popularization rate in China is increasing year by year, the network transmission speed is accelerated, and the quality and stability of distance teaching information transmission such as broadband multimedia telecommunication network are improved, which makes the network teaching develop rapidly. The business simulation company itself has the characteristics of networking, which broadens students' thinking and horizons and ensures the training effect of the business simulation company. At the same time, the formation of commercial simulation network and the construction of commercial center create conditions for the implementation of simulation company teaching method, which makes more simulation companies in commercial simulation network become partners and competitors in mutual simulation market.
2.3 The perfection of the functions of the simulated business center has created conditions for the transformation of training.
The original training modes of technical schools are mostly in-school laboratory project training and off-campus training, with large investment and single training content. Since the introduction of "business simulation company" training mode in 1980s, more and more schools have become members of simulation companies. After more than 20 years' practice, the teaching methods of business simulation companies are constantly improving. With the expansion of its functions and the improvement of its services, the original training mode has been transformed into a dynamic business simulation training mode. In addition to simulating markets, banks, registration centers and tax authorities, business simulation companies have also developed functions such as simulating post offices and tax authorities. Its function is to observe the changes of simulated market operation, deal with key issues related to the whole market operation order, and provide real management ability for the establishment and operation of simulated companies.
3 set up a business simulation company
3. 1 external affairs-contact the office of business simulation center
"China Business Simulation Company Network" currently implements membership system. First, it should apply for membership to the office of the business simulation center. The application conditions are: all schools or vocational education institutions that train business professionals; It can also be an institution that undertakes on-the-job, job transfer or re-employment training; A "business simulation company laboratory" must be established; Need to equip business simulation companies with experienced instructors; After joining the membership, I can cooperate with the simulation center and have a full spirit of cooperation. The simulation center will charge a certain fee to its members. The general annual fee is around 3000 yuan. Members can register multiple simulation companies in the simulation center after paying. The procedure of applying for membership can be submitted to the simulation center by letter or e-mail, and the preparation of the simulation company can be briefly explained; After obtaining the consent, remit the annual membership fee to the designated account; The membership card will be sent by the simulation center. Secondly, the establishment of a simulation company should also carry out industrial and commercial registration in the simulation center; Apply for opening an account in a simulated bank; Tax registration, obtaining tax account number, etc. After successful registration, the simulation center will feed back the registration code notice, including name, address, legal representative, registered capital, enterprise type, business scope, industrial and commercial registration number, organization code, bank account number, tax registration number, etc.
3.2 Facilities and equipment
(1) Hardware configuration: there should be 50- 100 square meters of office space for the exclusive use of simulation companies; At least one computer with Internet access is available, and the remaining workstations can be equipped with about 10 computers, depending on the company size and number of employees. Office equipment (desks, chairs, etc. ); Office supplies, such as printers, scanners and office equipment; All kinds of books, tickets. The above configuration objectively ensures the business needs of the simulation company. Including the renovation of the laboratory, it is estimated that the total investment will not exceed 65438+ 10,000.
(2) In terms of software configuration: In order to standardize the production of documents and adapt to the popularization of e-commerce in the future, we should choose application software with comprehensive functions and stable system. For example, to simulate the company's internal management software, we can choose UFIDA software, which contains a series of standardized internal management of the company, such as finance, procurement, inventory and salary. For simulating the external business needs of the company, we can choose the fixed and standardized message format of "e-commerce" software.
3.3 The staffing and department setting of the company:
(1) As for personnel, it is necessary to equip the administrative leaders of commercial simulation companies: they can be school leaders, who are required to know the management system of commercial simulation companies and have a certain understanding of the operation of simulation companies; Business person in charge of the simulation company: he is required to have participated in the training of the operation mechanism of the simulation company, and he has strong business operation ability and can be trusted by the professional guidance teachers of the school; Network administrator of business simulation company: responsible for the maintenance and management of enterprise internal LAN and external Internet, which can ensure the safety of network operation.
(2) We can set up an office in the company's department setting: seeking sponsorship companies (also called background companies and real companies), responsible for proposing human resources plans, recruiting company employees, verifying salaries, establishing employee files, attendance registration and employee assessment; ② Purchasing Department: purchasing goods according to the marketing plan; ③ Finance Department: responsible for establishing a complete set of accounts and recording, classifying, summarizing and analyzing the business activities of the whole company; Responsible for raising and using company funds; Responsible for the inventory of the company's assets; Responsible for regularly providing financial reports and analysis to relevant departments. ④ Production workshop: organize the production of products; ⑤ Sales Department: Draw up marketing plan, compile product catalogue, and organize product sales and shipment according to marketing plan. Each department is dedicated to two computers, all of which are networked internally and can share some data. In addition, in order to facilitate contact with simulation companies in foreign schools, you can apply for a network email, use the e-mail or BBS bulletin board of the business simulation center network, and use bulletin board system to communicate with each other to realize multi-channel, low-cost, intuitive and fast business trade.
3.4 Organization and management
Select the training object, and divide the work according to the training course content and department setting. Each department has 2 to 3 people in charge, and the on-site rotation role simulation is implemented. Before carrying out business activities, job training and field rotation role simulation should be carried out. In the daily management, we can adopt the real company working system, combining old students with new students, with the company manager in charge and professional teachers guiding us. When a simulation company conducts business activities, its products and services are virtual? Product samples can be true; Commercial bills, account books, communication and business records, business procedures, methods, cost and profit accounting, etc. It is designed and operated according to the prevailing rules in the real business society.
4 Business Simulation Company Operation Example
4. 1 simulation company operation 1: simulation market
Simulation market is a virtual place provided by business simulation center for simulation companies to buy and sell goods. At the same time, the simulation market can also provide services for various simulation companies. (1) Simulation Marketing Department: Each simulation company can use the simulation marketing department as a supplier, send orders to it and transfer payment through the simulation bank, thus organizing the supply of goods. (2) Simulation Market Purchasing Department: When the existing products of the simulation company can't find suitable customers to sell, the simulation market can be fictionalized as customers. (3) Simulation Market Service Department: The simulation market provides services for the simulation company to collect regular expenses such as rent, insurance and telephone charges, and provides invoices. Simulation companies can also send bill purchase applications to the simulation market and order various business bills. The format of the bill is uniformly formulated by the simulated market. (4) Simulation Company Expo: The simulation market is responsible for holding the National Simulation Company Expo every year. The purpose of the fair is to simulate the operation of the company and make it more real. Different from the usual work of the simulation company, the employees of the simulation company have the opportunity to really operate the real thing at this time. They set up booths at the fair to display their products and explain the characteristics and prices of the products to customers until a deal is reached. During the fair, samples and publicity materials were distributed and various exhibitions and publicity activities were held. The simulated market will be responsible for all the preparations and provide special trade fair fee bills.
4.2 Simulation Company Operation II: Simulation Company Recruitment
The simulation company recruits students for the whole school, prepares the recruitment advertisement in advance and introduces the information of the simulation company. The recruitment is based on the principle of openness and equality, and the managers of trade department, personnel department, marketing department and planning department are selected from all candidates. The whole recruitment work can be presided over and undertaken by students. Draw up an Application Form for Simulated Company, and fill in the applicant's name, gender, age, native place, nationality, date of birth, political outlook, class, physical condition, major, educational system, graduation date, home address, contact telephone number, reasons for applying to join the company, future work plan, etc.
4.3 Simulate the operation of the third company: accounting business training
While using the training room for on-the-spot operation, the simulation company can also take advantage of students in various positions to participate in the simulation market business formed by the simulation company through the computer network. "Simulation market" is a virtual place provided by the business simulation center to simulate the company's buying and selling of goods, and to simulate the relevant practical documents, vouchers and account books of various departments of the company. Office: Employee Recruitment Form, Annual Appraisal Form, and Employee File Purchasing Department: Requisition Form, Order Form, Acceptance Form Sales Department: Sales List, Bill of Lading Production Workshop: Material Requisition Form, Material Receipt Form, Finished Goods Receipt Form, Finished Goods Issue Form Finance Department: Checks, Receipts, Invoices, Travel Expense Reimbursements, Receipts, Debit Forms, Salary Settlement Forms, etc. , and manual bookkeeping (all kinds of original vouchers).
The business scope that a business simulation company can practice can also include: social welfare activities, market research, marketing, advertising and management consulting, marketing, business planning, market development and bidding. Practice has proved that the practical teaching mode of "Business Simulation Company" can effectively solve the practical teaching problems of business major in secondary vocational and technical schools, such as insufficient training venues and limited training investment, which is helpful to cultivate students' practical ability and increase their related professional ability. Making full and effective use of the training of commercial simulation companies will have an important impact on the development of commercial vocational education in China.
References:
[1] Zhang Liangping. Analysis on the characteristics of the training mode of "commercial simulation company". Business Times-Theory, 2005, 23.
[2] Zheng Guangsheng. Institute of Vocational and Technical Education Center, Ministry of Education. German "business simulation company" training and teaching plan.
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