From the age analysis. Aging refers to the time when the debtor owes money. The longer the aging, the greater the possibility of bad debt losses. Aging calculation is the time from sales realization to balance sheet date. The aging analysis should focus on whether the enterprise has large accounts receivable with an aging of more than one year, and whether the corresponding provision for bad debts is made according to regulations. Bad debt reserve belongs to the expense account of the enterprise, which will directly affect the profit of the enterprise. If there are accounts receivable with a significant single amount, it depends on whether the enterprise separately makes provision for impairment. If there is objective evidence that it has been impaired, it shall confirm the impairment loss according to the difference between the present value of its future cash flow and its book value, and make provision for bad debts; Accounts receivable for more than three years should generally be determined as total losses; Attention should also be paid to avoid accounts receivable from counterparties with unstable aging. After the reconciliation age analysis, the newly increased bad debt reserve should be used as the current expense to offset the profit, and the necessary statements should be revised.
Analysis from counterparties. We should focus on whether the counterparty of accounts receivable is the main downstream customer of the enterprise, whether it has a stable account period and a good credit record. You can know the current accounts receivable counterparty by looking at the transaction records of the enterprise in the past two to three years. There are two kinds of relatively safe counterparties, one is the counterparty with long-term cooperation and good credit record, and the other is the counterparty with large scale and very good credit status. When handling factoring financing business, these two types of customers are generally chosen as payers. For counterparties with low or no correlation with the products operated by the enterprise, we should be vigilant and see the essence of the transaction clearly. Once risk signals such as money laundering and illegal operation are found, cooperation with customers in financing business should be terminated in time to prevent compliance risk events.
From the analysis of recyclability. By comparing and analyzing the statements at the end of the year and the last quarter of last month, we can judge whether the accounts receivable suddenly increase, thus achieving the purpose of inflating sales revenue; Through the identification of the counterparty's identity, it is judged whether there are related transactions that inflated sales revenue, whether there are disguised loans and long-term occupation by shareholders; By comparing the counterparties for two consecutive years, it is judged whether there is a situation of lowering the credit standard and selling a lot of credit to new customers, which leads to a large increase in accounts receivable and sales revenue. The recoverability of these accounts receivable is relatively low, and there is even greater risk.
From the analysis of asset value. Accounts receivable are financial instruments, which can be financed or discounted by pledge or transfer. At present, the accounts receivable generally accepted by commercial banks and factoring companies have the following characteristics: the aging is within 1 year; Having a trading record with the counterparty for more than two years, and having a good payment situation;
The products under the contract are the main products of the enterprise;
When analyzing the quality of accounts receivable, we can take the accounts receivable that meet the above conditions as the first repayment source and calculate the short-term solvency of enterprises. Usually, banks generally use current ratio and quick ratio to measure short-term solvency. When calculating the quick ratio, accounts receivable are regarded as cash as current assets that can be realized at any time, and the liquidity of accounts receivable can never be 100%.