Model essay 1: Present situation and countermeasures of water quality in rural drinking water safety projects
This paper analyzes the present situation of water quality of rural drinking water safety project in Xuancheng City, and puts forward some countermeasures.
Keywords: rural drinking water safety project; Water quality; operate
Introduction to 0
The rural drinking water safety project has effectively solved the history of unsafe drinking water in rural areas of the project area. However, with the rapid development of economy and society, especially the acceleration of industrialization, water pollution and water ecological deterioration have intensified, and the problem of water source protection has become more and more prominent. How to ensure the water quality safety of these projects is an urgent problem at present.
1 water quality status
In 20 14, the monitoring results of water quality of some rural drinking water safety projects by county (city, district) centers for disease control and prevention showed that the overall qualified rate of water quality was not high. Of the 440 water samples monitored in the city, 270 were qualified, and the qualified rate was only 6 1.36%. Among the seven monitoring areas, the qualified rate of drinking water is the highest in Ningguo City, accounting for 88.57%, and the lowest in Jixi County, accounting for 2 1.05%. Xuanzhou District and Jingxian County are above 70%, 80.30% and 76. 19% respectively, Guangde County is 68%, Langxi County and Jingde County are below 50%, 44.00% and 43. 18% respectively. * * * The monitoring index is 1250 1 time, and it is qualified 12250 times, with a qualified rate of 97.99%. Among them, all toxicological indicators are qualified, the qualified rate of sensory traits and general chemical indicators is 99.43%, the qualified rate of microbial indicators is 89.68%, and the qualified rate of disinfectant indicators is 80.08%. The monitoring results show that the unqualified indicators are mainly microorganisms and disinfectants, especially in single village projects. The water quality treatment process is simple, and some projects are not equipped with disinfection equipment. Even if disinfection equipment is installed, it is not standardized or not used at all. The main performance is that most of the single village projects built before 20 1 1 are not equipped with disinfection equipment as required, which is easily affected by forest humus and wildlife activities in dry season, and the water quality of the source water is unstable. A few items equipped with disinfection equipment are improperly operated and used.
2 main problems
After investigation, the existing problems of water quality are as follows:
(1) Water source protection is still outstanding. With the rapid development of economy and society, especially the acceleration of industrialization, water pollution and water ecological deterioration have intensified, and the problem of water source protection has become more and more prominent. Compared with urban drinking water source protection, rural drinking water source protection is relatively weak and the work is not balanced enough. Most of them just set up some warning signs or signs in the water conservancy department. Some projects have not delineated the scope of water source protection and have not formulated specific water source protection measures. There is no sign where the water source and drinking water safety project is located. Some projects have set up water source protection boards in water sources, but the scope of protection, protection measures and prohibited acts have not been clearly announced. Some water source protection scope and measures lack pertinence and operability, which is not conducive to water source protection.
(2) The overall water quality detection ability is not high. At present, counties and urban areas mainly rely on the county health department CDC for water quality testing, but the overall testing ability is not high. Most of the detection indicators are less, and the detection items in Xuanzhou District are 2 1 item of source water, 33 items of factory water and terminal water; The testing items in Langxi County are 24 source water, 34 factory water and 34 terminal water. There are 24 items of source water, 32 items of factory water and terminal water in Guangde County. The inspection items in Ningguo City are source water 17, factory water and terminal water 26; There are 20 source water, 32 factory water and surrounding water in Jingxian County; The test items in Jixi County are 13 source water, 27 factory water and terminal water, and those in Jingde County are 13 source water and 33 factory water and terminal water. Some large water plants are not equipped with water quality self-inspection equipment and professional testing personnel as required, and some are equipped with testing equipment and personnel. The frequency and items of water quality testing are not standardized and comprehensive, which makes it difficult for some projects to meet the standards. The situation of water quality testing and monitoring of rural drinking water safety in the city is not optimistic.
(3) Water quality monitoring cannot achieve full coverage. By the end of 20 14, 746 rural drinking water safety projects (including 82 large water plants and 664 single village projects) had been built in the city, but only 1 14 monitoring points were included in the water quality monitoring counties of provincial rural water improvement projects in 20 14, and the monitoring coverage rate was only/kloc-0. At present, except for the monitoring points listed in the water quality monitoring counties of rural water improvement projects in the province, which are tested 1 time in dry season and wet season respectively, and the large-scale water plants are sampled regularly by the health supervision department, the rest of the projects are only tested once before and after construction, and almost no water quality testing is carried out after later operation, which does not meet the requirements of relevant testing frequency.
(4) The service level of managers is low. Most of the rural drinking water safety project managers in our city have low education level, lack of professional technical training and low management technical service level. Especially for single-village projects, managers are generally farmers from local village groups. Large-scale waterworks involve electromechanical, pipeline installation, water quality detection and other majors, and their management and maintenance are highly professional, so a perfect technical service system is urgently needed to provide professional technical services. During the daily inspection, it is found that some managers can't use dosing, disinfection, inspection and other equipment or can't use it according to the requirements of relevant specifications, which makes it difficult to adapt to the daily management requirements of the project.
(5) Publicity efforts need to be further strengthened. Some people don't know the concept of water source protection areas, and some people don't know what prohibited behavior is. Although the existing projects are basically equipped with disinfection facilities, most single-village projects are not used normally because of people's drinking habits or tastes. Judging from the usual inspections and visits, some people are not clear enough about the concept of drinking water safety, and feel that as long as they don't drink raw water, it will have no effect on bacteria exceeding the standard.
3 countermeasures
3. 1 Strengthen water source protection.
Anhui Provincial Environmental Protection Department and Water Resources Department issued the Notice on Delineating the Water Source Protection Area of Rural Centralized Water Supply Project in February, 20 14, which set clear requirements for the delineation of the water source protection area of rural centralized water supply project. Before the end of June, 20 15, the delineation of water source protection areas for rural centralized projects with water supply population of more than 1000 people will be completed, and clear geographical landmarks and obvious warning signs will be set up at the boundaries of the protection areas to clarify the level, scope and prohibited items of protection. At present, it is coordinating with the environmental protection department to delimit water source protection zones, and Xuanzhou District has completed the delineation of 23 drinking water source protection zones. For village groups located in the first and second protected areas of rural drinking water sources, pollution control should be strengthened by building centralized transportation of domestic garbage, adjusting planting structure and scale, reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and keeping livestock and poultry in captivity. At the same time, actively cooperate with the environmental protection department, through unannounced visits, surprise inspections, special rectification, etc., increase the investigation and punishment of illegal drinking water source safety behaviors such as setting sewage outlets and illegal sewage discharge in industrial enterprises, and maintain water source safety.
3.2 the establishment of county-level water quality testing center
In view of the serious shortage of county-level water quality testing capacity in our city, the testing items and frequencies can not meet the national standards. In order to standardize water quality testing and ensure the safety of rural water supply, it is necessary to establish a county-level rural drinking water safety project water quality testing center. At present, according to the unified deployment of the superior, the city has completed the preparation and approval of the implementation plan of the county-level rural drinking water safety project water quality testing center. The total investment of county-level water quality centers in the city is 1224540 yuan, and it is planned to be completed and put into use before the end of 20 15. After the completion of the project, the county and urban water quality testing center will have the ability to test 29 items of surface source water, 42 items of factory water and peripheral water, and carry out sampling testing and inspection on the water quality of rural drinking water safety projects in accordance with relevant requirements, monitor the water quality in time, achieve full coverage of water quality testing, and ensure the safety of water supply.
3.3 Strengthen training and publicity.
The quality of project operation management personnel directly affects the level of project operation management, so it is necessary to strengthen the technical training of existing project management personnel, especially for large-scale water plants involving electromechanical, pipeline installation and water quality inspection, which have strong management and maintenance professionalism and higher requirements for technical services. Establish a training system for operation management personnel, carry out technical training by holding various meetings and training courses, strengthen the training on the use of disinfection equipment and the maintenance of water supply pipeline equipment, and gradually implement the training system for water quality testing personnel to further improve the management level and professional quality of all operation management personnel. Actively use various publicity channels and forms, widely publicize the knowledge of drinking water source protection and health and safety, help water users to raise their awareness of drinking water hygiene, establish a complaint hotline for environmental protection of drinking water sources, encourage the public to report various environmental violations, and form a good atmosphere for the whole society to participate in maintaining drinking water safety.
4 conclusion
2065 438+0 165438 2004124 October the State Council pointed out that the government should do its duty, let all rural residents drink clean water and create the most basic living conditions for the masses. Water source protection and water quality monitoring of rural drinking water safety projects should not only fully implement the responsibilities of environmental protection, health, water conservancy, forestry, agriculture and other departments, but also require the broad masses and water supply units to participate in protection and supervision. We will take the speech as the driving force and combine the rural drinking water safety? Thirteenth Five-Year Plan? Improve the quality and efficiency improvement plan, make overall plans, gradually improve the rural drinking water safety engineering standards, further strengthen the project water source protection and water quality management, improve the qualified rate of water supply quality, and ensure water supply safety.
[References]
[1]GB/5749-2006, hygienic standard for drinking water [S].
[2] Anhui Provincial People's Government. Measures for the Administration of Rural Drinking Water Safety Project in Anhui Province [Z].20 12.
[3] Xuancheng Municipal People's Government. Measures for Operation and Management of Rural Drinking Water Safety Project in Xuancheng City [Z].20 14.
[4]NPC Standing Committee. People's Republic of China (PRC) Water Pollution Prevention Law [S].2008.
[5] Anhui Provincial People's Congress Standing Committee. Regulations of Anhui province on environmental protection of drinking water sources in cities and towns [z] .20001.20000.200088000807
Study on water price formation of multi-objective drinking water safety project
This paper mainly analyzes the formation mechanism of water price of drinking water safety project from the perspective of investment and financing.
[Keywords:] investment and financing; Water price; mechanism
1 overview
The task of drinking water safety project in Bayanhaote and Sumu town along the line is to solve the water shortage problem in the local area and Sumu town along the line and realize the sustainable development of the local economy. The horizontal year of engineering design planning is 2025, the designed water supply of the project is 6.5438+0.298 million m3/a, and the maximum daily water supply of the project is 49.8 million m3/d. The project is mainly composed of water intake project, four-stage pressurized pumping station, water pipeline and water purification plant.
2 financing plan
The drinking water safety projects in Bayanhaote and Sumu towns along the line are financed by the project legal person, who is responsible for the construction and management of the project and bears the financing responsibilities and risks. The source of funds for this project is 70% of the total investment, including 50% from the government and 50% from the water supply area. According to the national regulations on fixed assets loans, considering the actual situation of the project, bank loans account for 30% of the total project investment, the loan term is 15, and the annual interest rate is 6.55%.
3 Cost estimation
According to the Measures for the Administration of Water Supply Price of Water Conservancy Projects and the Code for Economic Evaluation of Water Conservancy Construction Projects, the total cost of this project includes water resources, fuel power, wages and benefits, repair costs, insurance premiums, other expenses, depreciation, amortization and interest expenses. Operating cost refers to the total cost of the project after deducting depreciation, amortization and interest expenses. The total cost is 96.3428 million yuan; The cost of unilateral water supply is 4.46 yuan /m3. Among them, the operating cost is 55.505 1 ten thousand yuan, and the unilateral operating cost is 2.55 yuan /m3.
4 main financial indicators
4. 1 survivability analysis
The total investment return rate of this project is 6.20%, the investment profit and tax rate is 5.75%, and the net interest rate of funds is 6.28%. The average net cash flow for many years is 83.2727 million yuan, and the cash flow is sufficient.
4.2 Solvency Analysis
The funds that can be used to repay the loan in this project mainly come from depreciation expense and undistributed profit, and the loan is repaid with equal principal and interest. The project can pay off all the loan principal and interest within 15 years. During the loan repayment period, the highest asset-liability ratio of the project is 365,438+0.50%. With the project put into production, the asset-liability ratio dropped rapidly. After paying off the principal and interest of the loan, the asset-liability ratio dropped to 0.37%, indicating that the project has certain solvency under the proposed financing method.
4.3 Profitability Analysis
Based on the calculation of financial income and profit distribution, the cash flow of different funds is analyzed. The main indicators are as follows: the financial internal rate of return (after tax) of project investment is 6.34%, the financial net present value (after tax) of project investment is 412,820,500 yuan, the financial internal rate of return (after tax) of funds is 6.0 1%, and the financial net present value (after tax) of funds is 655.
5 Sensitivity analysis
Three main factors, sales price, operating cost and investment in fixed assets, are selected for sensitivity analysis. When the change range is -20% ~ 20%, the internal rate of return (before tax) of the project investment varies between 4.84% ~ 10.0 1%, and all the schemes are higher than the financial benchmark rate of return of investment by 4%, which shows that the project has certain anti-risk ability.
6 Conclusions and recommendations