Debit: 3000 pounds in the bank.
Loan: internal transaction 3000
Second, why should we entrust loans? Reasons for entrusted loans
Why do banks entrust loans? Entrust a large amount of idle funds to banks to help them lend to customers. As the trustee, the bank must obtain the consent of the principal for the qualification of the capital customer entrusted by the principal. Banks can only charge relevant fees, and do not bear the risk of capital borrowing, and the capital risk is borne by customers themselves.
What is the real reason for banks to entrust loans?
The most fundamental reason for the existence of entrusted loans is national interests and financial management requirements. Specifically, it is probably like this.
First of all, most banks are state-owned banks. If social subjects are allowed to borrow from each other at will, it will inevitably affect the income of banks. Therefore, it is forbidden to borrow directly from the other party without going through the bank. To put it bluntly, banks should share a piece of the action.
Secondly, the financial level of some social entities should be audited (although banks are actually a process now)
Third, indirect financial management is done through banks, and all loans are entrusted by banks, so that we can find out how big the model is and avoid that the scale of private lending is too large to be discovered in time.
Third, the external risks of entrusted loans.
At present, enterprises widely use fund pool entrusted loans and third-party entrusted loans. In the cash pool business, because the funds are borrowed within the group, the possible risk coefficient of this business is almost zero. The entrusted loan risk we mentioned is mainly reflected in the activities of enterprises to obtain funds through entrusted loans. As the entrusted financial institutions are only responsible for issuing, supervising and using loans on their behalf, and assisting in recovering loans, they will not be responsible for any form of loan risks except charging a certain fee. Therefore, in entrusted loans, the risk of whether the borrower can repay the loan on time directly falls on the principal. However, the risk takers who often entrust this business have insufficient understanding of risks. The approval of entrusted loans is different from that of bank loans. There is no set of scientific, systematic and rigorous procedures from loan investment to approval, and there is a relative lack of unified and standardized standards. Therefore, the possible risks of entrusted loans are virtually increased. Secondly, in entrusted loans, banks issue loans on their behalf according to the entrusted object, purpose, term and interest rate determined by the client. In the whole process of entrusted loans, banks have been in a passive position. In addition, the handling fee charged by the bank is only charged at a fixed rate of the loan amount. At the same time, banks do not have to bear the risk of this loan. Therefore, in this business, banks lack certain enthusiasm and motivation to supervise the loan delivery and recovery, which leads to loopholes in the supervision of entrusted loans. And the ultimate risk pressure is still added to the client. In recent years, enterprises and banks as clients are driven by their own interests, and cases of clients cooperating with banks and entrusting loans in disguise have occurred from time to time. On the one hand, banks may be subject to many restrictions when issuing loans, which limits their ability to lend. In this case, the bank is likely to pull in a company's deposits and then lend them out in the name of entrusted loans to collect interest. Banks usually agree that the company will give higher interest than deposits. Deposits are issued as entrusted loans, and the risk responsibility of entrusted loans is borne by banks. For loan companies, they don't have to take risks, but they can collect an extra income from them. Why not? On the other hand, in entrusted loans, the principal and the borrower are mostly affiliated enterprises, and there is a certain internal relationship. In order to avoid strict examination of bank loans, borrowers can choose entrusted loans to achieve financing, which is generally higher than the credit line of enterprises. China Banking Regulatory Commission proposed that banks should not increase the loan scale of local financing platforms, which pushed local financing platforms to the forefront again. Faced with the financial difficulties of tightening bank loans, local financing platforms have to find another way. Entrusted loans of listed companies have become the "underground passage" of local financing platforms, especially the performance of state-controlled listed companies. Insiders pointed out that listed companies should safeguard the interests of shareholders and pay attention to risks when providing loans to local financing platforms, especially in the context of expanding local debts, whether they can repay the principal and interest at maturity should not be underestimated, and the interests of other shareholders should not be ignored because of the pressure of local governments and state-owned controlling shareholders. Low platform financing interest rate Due to the accumulation of risks, the financing channels of local financing platforms continue to tighten, and listed companies have become the scent of local financing platforms. According to china securities journal reporter's rough statistics, since 20 12, about 30 loans entrusted by listed companies have been invested in local financing platforms, including urban construction investment platforms such as urban construction investment group, urban development investment group, urban construction investment company and urban construction investment management company, as well as other investment and financing platforms such as transportation industry development company, tourism culture industry investment company and industrial development investment company. These funds flowing to local financing platforms are not only used for the production and operation of local financing platforms, but also for supplementing liquidity. It also includes local resettlement houses, affordable housing, development zone construction, old city reconstruction and engineering construction, some of which are even used as land acquisition funds. In recent years, many listed companies such as Amarton, Hublot, Guoyuan Securities, Hyundai Investment and Xin 'an have invested in entrusted loans on local financing platforms. Compared with other entrusted loan targets, the interest rates provided by local financing platforms are generally low, mostly between 7% and 1 1%, and the annual interest rate of entrusted loans of some listed companies is lower than 7%. "The vast majority of listed companies provide entrusted loans to local financing platforms. These loans are supported by local governments, and listed companies sometimes have to cooperate, especially state-controlled listed companies. Therefore, the interest rate of funds given by local financing platforms is relatively low." A bond analyst of a securities firm in Shanghai said that the low interest rate of entrusted loans is actually a disguised damage to shareholders of listed companies. The scope of entrusted loans is constantly expanding. In the past, most of them were large-scale and well-qualified local financing platforms. Now some county-level and district-level financing platforms have joined the ranks of loans. Zhejiang Furun entrusted Industrial Bank to issue a loan of 65.438+0.5 billion yuan to Zhuji Investment and Construction Development Co., Ltd. for urban maintenance and infrastructure projects; Lugang Technology entrusted Zhangjiagang Sub-branch of Industrial Bank to issue a loan of 200 million yuan to Zhangjiagang Jinmao Investment Development Co., Ltd. invested by Zhangjiagang SASAC. Strong infiltration of local state-owned assets into listed companies controlled by local state-owned assets is particularly active in providing entrusted loans for local financing platforms, with a large amount and a long term. Yunnei Power, controlled by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Yunnan Province, announced on April 2 that it would increase the amount of entrusted loans, and entrusted banks to provide entrusted loans of 500 million yuan to Kunming municipal investment and financing companies with a term of 36 months and an annual interest rate of 10%- 13%. This matter will be considered at the shareholders' meeting on May 6th. Last year, Yunnei Power provided entrusted loans of 300 million yuan and 500 million yuan to Kunming Urban Construction Investment Development Co., Ltd. and Kunming Industrial Development Investment Co., Ltd. respectively, with the loan interest rate of 65,438+02%. Once the 500 million yuan entrusted loan is approved by the shareholders' meeting, the total amount of entrusted loans provided by Yunnei Power to local financing platforms will reach 654.38+03 billion yuan. A project manager of Bank of Communications reminded that the risk of some listed companies providing entrusted loans to local financing platforms should not be underestimated. There are no better assets to mortgage, and no companies with better credit information provide joint liability guarantees. Some entrusted loans, even credit guarantees and accounts receivable pledges, are risky. Yunnei Power's previous entrusted loan of 300 million yuan invested in Kunming City Investment was pledged as accounts receivable, and 500 million yuan invested in Kunming Industrial Investment was used as credit guarantee. Listed companies controlled by local state-owned assets have become the protagonists of entrusted loans provided by local financing platforms. Modern Investment, a major shareholder with a state-owned background, provided 30 million yuan of entrusted loans to Changde Urban Construction Investment Group Company, with an annual interest rate of 7.68%. Hunan Development, a state-controlled company, provided Xiangtan Urban Construction Investment Management Co., Ltd. with an entrusted loan of 65.438+0.5 billion yuan, with an annual interest rate of 654.38+00%. Not only that, some local state-owned shareholders in the A-share market reduced their shares in listed companies. Hefei Xincheng State-owned Assets Management Co., Ltd. reduced its holding of 76 million shares of BOE in April this year. Jiangxi Copper was also reduced by the major shareholder Jiangtong Group last year, and Fujian Southern was also reduced by state-owned shareholders last year. Insiders pointed out that the reduction of some state-owned shareholders may also be due to the lack of money in local financing platforms for cash transfusion. With the increase of debts due, there is increasing pressure on local state-owned assets to reduce their holdings. Risks should not be underestimated. Since 2009, local governments have set up local investment and financing platforms to engage in project development and construction. However, most local city investment and investment and financing platform companies are still affiliated to the government, and their independent self-compensation ability is poor. Since 20 10, the CBRC has continuously listed the risk of local financing platforms as one of the three major risks in the banking industry. Recently, China Banking Regulatory Commission specially emphasized the supervision of loan risk of local financing platforms. In 20 13, it will continue to focus on controlling the total amount, optimizing the structure, isolating risks and clarifying responsibilities. According to the basic orientation of "keeping under construction, pressing reconstruction and controlling new construction", banks are required not to increase the scale of platform loans; New loans must meet strict access standards. When issuing platform loans, the borrower's cash flow must be fully covered, the mortgage guarantee conforms to the current regulations, and the asset-liability ratio is lower than 80%. It is believed that local governments will still be in the period of centralized debt repayment in the next three years, and local governments and financing platforms will continue to face the pressure of centralized debt repayment. Whether the profits of infrastructure construction undertaken by local financing platform companies can support high-interest loans was once questioned by the market, and there was a crisis of "urban investment bonds", and their repayment ability of bank loans and entrusted loans was also questioned. "Beware of the transfer of risk debts of local financing platforms to the secondary market, especially through entrusted loans to listed companies, which will cause losses to shareholders." A company financial expert said. At present, many loans entrusted by listed companies to local financing platforms have been postponed. The three entrusted loans provided by Tunnel Co., Ltd. for Shanghai Urban Construction Municipal Engineering (Group) have all been extended, involving an amount of 65.438+0.5 billion yuan. Although some local governments do not hesitate to provide joint and several liability guarantee for entrusted loans in order to increase the trust of entrusted loans, for example, Zhangjiagang Jinmao Investment Development Co., Ltd. obtained entrusted loans from Lugang Technology, and Zhangjiagang State-owned Assets Management Co., Ltd. provided joint and several liability guarantee. However, industry insiders reminded that most listed companies lend for local financing platforms. It is hard to say whether there is strong participation of local governments and state-owned shareholders in the loan process. The normal business decisions and corporate governance of listed companies may be disturbed, and the impact on shareholders' interests is difficult to predict.