at the end of the Qing dynasty, the country was teetering and could fall at any time, so were there any celebrities in this period? In fact, celebrities will appear in both troubled times and prosperous times, and Zhang Zhidong is one of them! Zhang Zhidong, according to the arrangement of the bright moon in that year, is full of people like Yuan Chonghuan, who can't change the historical trend, and he always has the limitations of the times. We can know from the change of his attitude towards Kang Youwei. Keep reading, always a man of the hour, a pioneer at that time. Zhang Zhidong's position in history, and how many present situations Zhang Zhidong's descendants have!

Zhang Zhidong, the last prime minister of the Qing Dynasty, made great achievements in his life. He initiated new education, developed military industry and heavy industry, and made outstanding contributions to the cultural construction of China. Not only that, but now many universities such as Wuda University and Huanong University are the predecessors of the school founded by Zhang Zhidong.

Zhang Zhidong * * * has 13 sons, and some of these sons later married and had children, continuing the Zhang family's incense. Zhang Zhidong was a famous representative of Westernization Movement in Qing Dynasty and a famous minister in late Qing Dynasty, which played a decisive role in the development of education and heavy industry. Zhang Zhidong died in 199, so what happened to his descendants after his death?

Zhang Houcan, the granddaughter of Zhang Zhidong, a professor at the School of Psychology of Beijing Normal University and recognized as the founder of psychology in China, was hired as an academic consultant of Yangming Institute of Mind and Contemporary Social Psychology.

I went to primary school at the age of 5 and graduated from university at the age of 21. Although I didn't study traditional culture, I was still deeply influenced. Zhang Houcan said that he graduated from university in 1948 and stayed there to teach, taking charge of the teaching of psychology. Psychology was once regarded as a bourgeois thing. She was criticized as the No.1 criticism object for 2 years because she was born in a feudal bureaucratic family and remained a bourgeois.

In 198s, the identity of Zhang Zhidong's granddaughter no longer bothered Zhang Houcan, so he began to go to Guizhou to find the footprints left by his ancestors. At that time, the roads in Guizhou were not so good, and they were always bumpy. The old man expressed his surprise at the changes in Guizhou with a loud voice.

Son: Zhang Quan, who later got married and gave birth to two daughters named Zhang Zunyan and Zhang Zunling (granddaughter of Zhang Zhidong).

Son: Zhang Renli (thirteenth son), who has a daughter Zhang Houcan, is now a professor of psychology at Beijing Normal University.

sons: Zhang houkun, Zhang houkun, now working as an engineer in Beijing water supply group company.

son: Zhang houmei, a computer engineer who has developed in the United States for many years.

Great-grandson: His name is Zhang Fahe, and he has been developing in Taiwan Province.

Zhang Zhidong's descendants are active in all walks of life and devoted themselves to the development of China. More than 1 years ago, Zhang Zhidong vigorously promoted the New Deal, developed industry, set up schools to engage in education, practiced the new army to improve the combat effectiveness of the army, built railways, strengthened municipal construction and developed business. Zhang Zhidong vigorously promoted the New Deal in Hubei, but he not only promoted the construction of Wuhan, but also promoted the modernization of China as a whole.

At the symposium to commemorate the 12th anniversary of Zhang Zhidong, the organizer invited Zhang Zhidong's first granddaughter and the descendants of Xu Jianyin, the first person in charge of the Firepower Factory founded by Zhang Zhidong.

Zhang Hou, the first granddaughter, said that she had never met her grandfather. Zhang Hou is the daughter of Zhang Renli (thirteenth son). When Zhang Zhidong died, Zhang Renli was still a 9-year-old boy, and now the daughters of this 9-year-old boy are all 82-year-old people. Zhang Hou has been engaged in psychological work, and is one of the founders of psychology. Not only that, he has held many positions, such as the State Council Counselor and Vice President of International Psychology.

in p>1837, Zhang Zhidong was born in the official residence of Xingyi (where his father was the magistrate), ranking the fourth. Zhang Zhidong was born in an official family. His grandfather, great-grandfather and father all entered the official position through the imperial examination and served as local officials. Zhang Zhidong was intelligent and gifted since childhood. When he was 5 years old, he went to a private school to receive education. Before he was 13 years old, he finished learning Confucian classics, including the Four Books and the Five Classics. Not only that, he also studied other disciplines such as history and economics, and even taught himself many military classics, including Sun Tzu's Art of War.

In p>185, at the age of 13, Zhang Zhidong returned to his hometown to take part in the county examination, and he was a scholar. At the age of 15, he took the provincial examination and was qualified as a scholar; At the age of 27, he was the third scholar and successfully entered the Hanlin Academy, which opened the road to his career.

In p>1884, when the Sino-French War broke out, Zhang Zhidong was appointed Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and retired veterans were employed to defeat the French army. In the same year, schools and academies were established, and armed and cultural education were carried out simultaneously.

from p>1889 to 197, Zhang Zhidong served as the governor of Huguang and the leader of the Westernization School. During this period, he vigorously supported national industries. During this period, he successively opened industrial enterprises such as iron works, arsenals, coal mines, textile layout, and built the Luhan Railway, which made outstanding contributions to the industrial development of China.

In p>1893, Zhang Zhidong founded the School of Self-improvement.

In 1898, Zhang Zhidong opposed the Reform Movement of 1898 and put forward his own theory.

in p>191, Zhang Zhidong began to strongly support the education industry, drew up the school charter and founded a normal school.

In p>197, he was awarded the position of a university student, and in the same year, he was awarded the position of Minister of Military Affairs together with Yuan Shikai.

in p>199, Zhang Zhidong died at the age of 72.

Zhang Zhidong died of illness in 199 at the age of 72. Zhang Zhidong was a famous minister in the late Qing Dynasty, paying special attention to education and public security. Zhang Zhidong founded the first kindergarten and other educational institutions. Not only that, he also built many industrial institutions such as railways, steel mills, cotton mills and coal mines. Zhang Zhidong has made great contributions to the industrial development of China.

In those days, when the ruling and opposition parties evaluated Zhang Zhidong's political achievements, some people used the word "nothing to offer". In recent years, some scholars who studied the history of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China called Zhang Zhidong the "number one grave digger" of the Qing Dynasty, surpassing Sun Yat-sen and Yuan Shikai. And what is the true face of Zhang Zhidong? This article is taken from the 11th issue of March in the same boat in 213 by Wang Kailin. The original title is "Zhang Zhidong: the number one grave digger in the Qing Dynasty"?

for a period of time after p>1949, with the overall evaluation of the Westernization School in the late Qing Dynasty declining, Zhang Zhidong's historical position and value could not afford to fall for a long time. This Confucian scholar and Westernization giant in the late Qing Dynasty was denounced as a "foreign slave", "traitor" and "national capitulator". However, in recent years, some scholars who studied the history of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China turned their attention to another role of Zhang Zhidong-he surpassed Sun Yat-sen and Yuan Shikai and was praised as the "number one grave digger" of the Qing Dynasty. Zhang Zhidong, who had been running in Hubei for more than ten years, wanted to prolong the luck of the empire, but it backfired. A brush fire broke the ribs of the dynasty. It's really puzzling that history has played such a big joke.

In fact, the truth of history is a looming jigsaw puzzle. It's no good for the blind to touch the elephant, and it's no use for the blind to touch the candle. A little more patience and curiosity will yield more. We look at the "elusive" Zhang Zhidong through historical materials, and the face may not be clear, but it is more meaningful and interesting to try to find some original details, compare and identify them than to jump to conclusions.