1. What is fixed income financing?
The so-called fixed income means that compared with floating income, the invested asset class can bring relatively stable income because of its own attributes. Although in the long run, the history of most countries has verified that the return of stock investment is higher than that of other major assets, fixed income investment is more acceptable to investors because of its low short-term fluctuation, so it has become the mainstream of investment assets.
For example, we often encounter bank wealth management with a certain "performance benchmark" (usually 4%-5% annualized return), money funds represented by Yu 'ebao, bond funds focusing on bond investment, and credit trusts with higher thresholds and usually higher returns. Many loans for Internet finance also fall into this category.
Second, recommend fixed-income wealth management products.
1. deposit
Bank deposits are the most common and familiar fixed income products, mainly including demand deposits, time deposits, large deposit certificates and interbank deposit certificates.
The yields of demand deposits and time deposits are mainly regulated by the central bank. At present, the benchmark deposit interest rate is in the nearest position, but now banks can independently raise the benchmark interest rate by 50%.
2. Bank investment
Bank financing came into being to meet the needs of residents' wealth management and interest rate marketization. There are many kinds of bank wealth management products, which can be divided into capital preservation and non-capital preservation according to the capital preservation or not, and can be divided into less than 3 months, 3-6 months, 6- 1 year and more than 1 year according to the term, of which less than 3 months is the most important product, and can be divided into RMB wealth management products and foreign currency wealth management products according to the currency. Investors need to buy different products according to their actual situation.
The yield of bank wealth management varies with the product term, risk level and issuer. Because wealth management products are also an important means to absorb deposits, the expected rate of return on wealth management of small and medium-sized banks is higher than that of large banks. With the central bank repeatedly lowering the benchmark interest rate and abundant market liquidity, the yield of bank wealth management products has declined, but it is still at a high stage.
Step 3 combine
Bonds are typical fixed-income wealth management products, and the issuer pays interest on schedule and repays the principal at maturity. There are many kinds of bonds in China, which can be divided into government bonds, local government bonds, financial bonds, short-term financing bonds, medium-term notes, corporate bonds, asset securitization bonds, directional instruments and so on. Bonds are standardized financial products with strong liquidity. At the same time, due to the complete market-oriented operation, it is necessary to be more cautious in investing in bonds with low credit risk. However, China's bond issuance has multiple measures to protect investors, such as trustee, internal and external credit enhancement and information disclosure.
Bond yield is mainly related to monetary policy, changes in market supply and demand, and the risk status of securities. On the whole, the investment threshold of China's bond market is relatively high, and individual investors can invest in fewer varieties, mainly including some government bonds and high-grade bonds of exchanges. Most bonds are mainly suitable for institutional investors to allocate assets.
4. Fixed income funds
In order to give full play to the advantages of professional management and the characteristics of centralized management and decentralized portfolio management, many Public Offering of Fund companies have also developed a large number of fixed-income fund products, mainly including money market funds and bond funds.
Money market fund is mainly a kind of financial products such as bank deposits and bonds, which has the characteristics of low risk, high liquidity and moderate income, and is an important substitute for bank deposits.
At the same time, the marketing of money funds is also deeply integrated with the Internet, thus various Internet "treasures" once emerged, which provide investors with higher returns than bank deposits, and at the same time provide convenience for withdrawing cash at any time, which is more convenient than the traditional redemption method of money funds T+ 1.
Generally speaking, fixed-rate funds have the characteristics of centralized management, risk diversification and professional investment. In particular, bond funds can avoid the difficulty in selecting bond investment thresholds and investment targets, and the threshold is low, which is suitable for individuals and non-professional institutions to invest.
Step 5 trust
The modern trust industry began at 1979, but the trust really entered the public's field of vision after 2007, especially with the sustained and rapid growth of the industry scale, as well as the various discussions and the popularization of trust culture caused by it, trust financial management gradually gained popularity among the people. Trust is a kind of property management system, and the beneficiary bears the risks that may occur in property management. However, in China, it is in the stage of maintaining the industry's good image and social responsibility, while trust products are in the development stage because they have the characteristics of fixed-income products.
According to the investment of trust funds, it can be divided into real estate trust, industrial and commercial enterprise trust, basic industry trust and securities investment trust. In fact, only non-securities investment trusts have the characteristics of fixed-income wealth management products.
As a non-standardized financial property product, trust has low liquidity and difficult market circulation, but its yield is relatively high. At present, the average expected rate of return is around 9%. At the same time, the expected rate of return of different types of trust products is different in terms of the risk degree of different capital investment.
Of course, trust products can only be sold to qualified investors. The initial subscription amount of mainstream products is 6,543,800 yuan, and the threshold is relatively high. Non-high net worth individuals have limited subscription ability.
6. Asset management plan
China Securities Regulatory Commission, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and other major financial institutions have successively issued the Measures for the Management of Customer Asset Management of Securities Companies and its supporting rules, the Notice on Relevant Matters of Insurance Asset Management Companies and the Pilot Measures for Asset Management of Futures Companies, which further broadened the investment scope of asset management of securities, insurance and fund companies, and various asset management plans have sprung up. Asset management plan is a kind of trust product, which mainly invests in the forms of equity, creditor's rights and asset income rights, and uses funds to provide investors with fixed income returns.
The rate of return of the asset management plan is relatively high, which can reach about 9%. Moreover, it can carry a shotgun on the trading platform, which is relatively liquid, but the risk is slightly higher, and the investor protection measures are still insufficient.
7. Peer to Peer Network
The main financing target of P2P is small and micro business owners. P2P investment targets of network platform mainly include credit target, second target, net worth target, guarantee target, circulation target and mortgage target. At present, with the downward pressure on the macro-economy, the credit risk is enlarged, P2P bad debts continue to increase, and the sequelae of blind development of the industry are highlighted. The regulatory authorities gradually strengthen industry supervision and standardize the operation of various platforms.
P2P is a high-yield financial product, with an average annualized rate of return of 13%. However, due to possible fraud in P2P platform, financiers cannot pay the due amount, and the investment risk is also great. At the same time, P2P investment threshold is low, suitable for all kinds of income groups, and it is easy to operate when combined with the Internet platform. Because it is a non-standard product, its liquidity is low.
As many friends know, there are many thunderstorm platforms recently. Can you still vote for P2P in this period?
The answer is yes. Take a quick look at the Thunderstorm Platform. Few people have really heard of this name. At present, I personally think that the reasonable investment strategy is mainly short-term investment, especially short-term investment. In the process of investment, we should also pay attention to the effective dispersion of platforms and targets.
8. graded fundsa
Generally speaking, graded fund A has a certain rate of return according to certain rules, such as one-year time deposit +3%, so it has the characteristics of fixed-income wealth management products. However, the income of graded fund A is not paid in cash, but in the form of parent fund shares. At the same time, there are many differences between graded fund A and fixed-income products because of its complex transactions and diverse attributes.
The graded fund A includes bond value, option value and matching value. Bond value refers to the fixed rate of return agreed by the graded fund, and option value refers to the conversion of graded fund A, and there is also a clause that when the net value of graded fund B is lower than a certain position.