Notre Dame de Paris, Arc de Triomphe, Eiffel Tower, Versailles Palace, Lyon, Omaha Beach
France and the Republic of China are located in western Europe. It covers an area of 551,62 square kilometers. The coastline is about 3 kilometers long. The population is more than 57.8 million. Mostly French. Most residents believe in Catholicism. French is the official language.
the kingdom was established in the 5th century. A centralized country was formed at the end of 15th century. The bourgeois revolution broke out in 1789. Since then, five republics and two empires have been established. The fifth Republic was born in 1958. Before World War II, France was the second colonial empire after Britain, and its colonial area was 2 times that of the mainland. After the war, most of the French colonies became independent. Established diplomatic relations with China on January 27, 1964.
the terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. There is a central plateau in the south-central part and a northern French plain in the northwest. Most areas have a maritime temperate broad-leaved forest climate, while the southern coast and Rhone River Valley have a subtropical Mediterranean climate. The average annual precipitation increases from 6 mm to about 1 mm from northwest to southeast. Bauxite and uranium reserves rank first among western European countries. Iron and potassium salts are also quite rich. The forest area accounts for 26% of the national area.
Paris, the capital, has a population of 2.17 million, and the population of Greater Paris, including its suburbs, is more than 9.6 million. There are famous buildings such as Eiffel Tower in the city, and Versailles Palace in the southwest of the city. The automobile and electrical appliance industries are famous, and the textile and cosmetics industries are also developed.
Notre Dame de Paris is a symbol of ancient Paris. It stands in the center of the island on the west bank of the Seine River, the birthplace of Paris. This gothic megalithic building was founded in 1163 and completed in 182 years. It is the oldest and tallest Catholic church in Paris and has epoch-making significance in the history of European architecture. All the roofs and towers of Notre Dame are built with minarets. The 9-meter-high main minaret and the 69-meter-high bell towers on both sides show the majesty of God. Hugo, a great French writer, described it as a "symphony of stones" in his novel Notre Dame. Later, Gothic buildings in Europe and America all bear the traces of Notre Dame de Paris.
The world's largest Arc de Triomphe, which stands in the center of Paris's Star Square (also known as Charles de Gaulle Square), is a monument built by Napoleon himself. It was ordered to be built in 186 and took 3 years to complete. The Roman arched door is 49.41 meters high, 44.84 meters wide and 21.96 meters thick. The inner wall of the door and the stone pillars are engraved with magnificent scenes depicting the history of the French war, as well as the large-scale relief "La Marseillaise" and the names of 386 generals who followed Napoleon's expedition that year. Under the door is the tomb of the unknown soldier, in front of which there is a ever-burning lamp, and flowers are offered every day. Twelve boulevards radiate from the Arc de Triomphe.
The Eiffel Tower is the symbol of modern Paris. It was built in 1889 to celebrate the centenary of the French Revolution and was named after the famous architect Eiffel who designed the tower. Its precise height is 32.775 meters, and its steel frame is hollowed out. Seen from one side, it forms four large arches in the southeast and northwest. The tower body is divided into four floors. The first three floors are provided with high platforms for tourists to overlook the panoramic view of Paris, and luxury hotels, public beer halls, shops, theaters, reception halls, etc. The fourth floor is the meteorological observatory, with a TV antenna pointing directly at the sky at the top. Visitors can take the 171 steps or take the elevator to the top floor.
The Palace of Versailles, located in the southwest suburb of Paris, is the largest and most luxurious palace in Europe. In 1661, King Louis XIV of France began to build a palace, which took 28 years to complete. Later, it was repaired and rebuilt by the dynasties. The building area was 11 hectares, with the east-west axis and symmetry between the north and the south, including the main palace and the Nangong and Bei Gong on both sides. More than 5 large and small halls and rooms inside were all resplendent and magnificent, with marble inlaid, jade steps and huge columns, decorated with carvings, tapestries and huge oil paintings. The 1 hectares of gardens were also unique. The Palace of Versailles and its gardens are outstanding representatives of French ancient buildings. They were turned into the National Museum of History in 1833 and listed in the World Cultural and Natural Heritage List in 198. The photo shows the mirror gallery in the Palace of Versailles, which is famous for its elegance and magnificence. It is 76 meters long, 1 meters wide and 13 meters high. There are 17 arched giant windows in the west and 17 large mirrors in the east, each of which is composed of 483 lenses. On June 28th, 1919, the Treaty of Versailles, which ended the First World War, was signed here. Today, this is the place where French leaders meet foreign heads of state and envoys.
France is an industrially developed country with highly concentrated production and capital, and its gross domestic product ranks among the top in the world. The main industrial sectors are mining, metallurgy, automobile, shipbuilding, machinery, textile, chemistry, electrical appliances, food and so on. Nuclear energy, petrochemicals, marine development, arms, aviation and astronautics have developed rapidly, ranking among the top in the world. In 1993, the output of major industrial products was: 16.61 million tons of crude steel, 12.1 million tons of pig iron, 1.35 million tons of raw coal, 2.52 million tons of pulp, 2.8 million cars and 451 kilowatts/hour of power generation. Agriculture is developed and it is a world-famous exporter of agricultural products. The main agricultural products are wheat, corn, potatoes, sugar beets, rice, tobacco, grapes and so on. In 1993, it produced 24.9 million tons of wheat, 6.5 million tons of barley, 13.3 million tons of corn and 5.3 billion liters of grape wine. France is a member of the "* * * common market" in Western Europe, and its main foreign trade targets are the "* * * common market" countries in Western Europe. Export machinery, chemicals, automobiles, steel and grain. Imported fuel, military industrial raw materials, ore, etc. There are more than 35, kilometers of railways and about 8, kilometers of highways.
Lyon, the third largest city in France, is located at the intersection of Rhone and Thorne rivers in the southeast, and is one of the major industrial centers in France. Lyon was famous for its traditional silk weaving industry in the early days, and Lyon spun silk enjoyed a high reputation in the European market. Now Lyon has developed into a comprehensive industrial city including automobile, motor, chemistry, oil refining, petrochemical, metallurgy, textile, food and other departments. Lyon, the third largest city in France, is located at the intersection of Rhone and Thorne rivers in the southeast and is one of the major industrial centers in France. Lyon was famous for its traditional silk weaving industry in the early days, and Lyon spun silk enjoyed a high reputation in the European market. Now Lyon has developed into a comprehensive industrial city including automobile, motor, chemistry, oil refining, petrochemical, metallurgy, textile, food and other departments.
In addition, le havre, Lille, Rouen, Nantes, Strasbourg, Milus and Marseille are all important industrial centers.
France was one of the countries that suffered the most in World War II. In order to echo the Soviet Red Army, the Allies opened a second front in Western Europe, and together with the German fascists, they chose to land in Normandy in northwest France. In the early morning of June 6th, 1944, the armies of the United States, Britain and Canada took 4, ships, crossed the stormy English Channel, and forcibly landed on the beach of Omaha. The war situation was even more tragic. Those who saw Saving Private Ryan must be deeply impressed. Because they were too realistic about this war situation, the film was almost classified as "not suitable for children". Now the beach of Omaha has become a cemetery for the soldiers who died that year, for future generations to mourn.
other
important festivals: July 14th, National Day. Joan of Arc died on May 3th.
date of establishing diplomatic relations with China: January 2 7, 1 9 6 4.
currency: French franc.
Time: 1 hour earlier than GMT; 7 hours later than Beijing time.
national flowers: iris and rose.
definition of country name: France evolved from the name of the Frankish tribe. Frank means "brave and free" in Germanic language.
Folklore: France is the hometown of champagne and brandy. People think that if there is any wine left at home on New Year's Eve, it will bring bad luck in the coming year. The most expensive dish in France is foie gras, and the French like snails and frog legs best.