Recently, there have been some discussions about the falling price of corn, the backlog of surplus grain in farmers' hands, and the "breaking the contract and abandoning farming" of large grain growers due to low income. In some places, large grain growers and cooperatives have indeed suffered losses in planting corn, but a considerable part of them are due to the high cost of renting land, which is related to the lack of accurate judgment on the market and excessive pursuit of scale. Generally speaking, the return of corn price to a relatively reasonable level is conducive to the formation of a reasonable circulation order and the digestion of corn stocks in Northeast China. < P > The reform of corn purchasing and storage system introduced last year has established a corn market price formation mechanism and a subsidy mechanism for producers through "separation of market pricing and price compensation", which has activated the market, untied the "dead button" of the corn industry and fundamentally revitalized the entire industrial chain. This measure promotes structural adjustment by means of reform, and focuses on solving the most prominent problem of agricultural structure, namely, corn surplus. It is a major measure of structural reform of agricultural supply side and has achieved remarkable results.

Recently, there have been some discussions about the falling price of corn, the backlog of surplus grain in farmers' hands, and the "breaking the contract and abandoning farming" of large grain growers due to low income. Objectively speaking, these phenomena exist in some places. Looking at these phenomena comprehensively, objectively and accurately, and clearing up the development myths are not only the needs of correctly understanding the problems, but also the needs of doing the next work and deepening the reform.

first, how much has the price dropped? Before the reform, the price difference between domestic and foreign corn was obvious. After the reform, the price of corn could not hold up and fell back. This change was expected by the market, and farmers were fully prepared and fully considered within the framework of reform design.

It is said that the price of corn has dropped too much, only 4 to 5 cents, which is not in line with the overall real level of the current corn price. From the national situation, the average price of corn in 216 was .81 yuan per catty, down .17 yuan from the previous year, with a decrease of about 17.3%. Specific to the four provinces in Northeast China, based on the results of investigation and market report by relevant departments, the price in late February was stable in the range of .6 yuan to .85 yuan per catty, which was lower than the price in other producing areas and the CIF price of imported corn in southern China from .1 yuan to .2 yuan. Generally speaking, corn prices have returned to a relatively reasonable level, and a reasonable price comparison relationship between various links and regions has basically taken shape. Such a price is formed by the market, and it is the result of mutual game among various subjects on the basis of considering cost and benefit, which is conducive to the formation of a reasonable circulation order and the promotion of corn inventory digestion in Northeast China.

There are some inaccurate views on the price of corn, mainly ignoring the complexity of the price of corn. Different from standardized industrial products, as an agricultural product, the price level of corn is closely related to variety quality, wet and dry state, trading links and trading areas. Farmers have a price in the field and a price after harvest; One price for wet corn and one price for dry corn; One price for brokers and one price for buying and selling enterprises; One price for traders and one price for processing enterprises; One price for the place of origin and one price for the port; One price in the north and one price in the south. The price difference between different varieties and different qualities of corn is not small. To evaluate the decline of corn price, we should use the same ruler to measure it, and compare it with comparable caliber. We can't take case price and extreme price as standards. The price of corn commonly used in the industry generally refers to the standard corn with water content of 14%, while the water content of corn in some places exceeds 4%. Considering the water deduction and drying costs, the purchase price is naturally low. In addition, after the reform, the quality price difference and regional price difference of corn in northeast producing areas have been widened, and the price of high-quality feed corn is higher than that of ordinary corn in .2 yuan, and the price of corn in areas with good traffic conditions is .25 yuan higher than that in remote areas. If we don't distinguish these differences, simply compare the price of tidal grain of farmers in remote areas with the price of temporary storage last year, it may exaggerate the price decline and mislead people's understanding.

second, what about the decline in income? The decline in food prices will inevitably affect farmers' income from growing grain, but we should look at the reduction of farmers' income dialectically and comprehensively.

first of all, farmers' income should be calculated as both price account and subsidy account. The reform of corn purchasing and storage system, market pricing and subsidies are introduced as a whole package, and subsidies to farmers are increased while prices are falling. According to the investigation and calculation of relevant departments, the average income per mu in Heilongjiang and Jilin is above 2 yuan, and that in Liaoning is above 4 yuan. Except for Hulunbeier and Xing 'an League, the planting income in Inner Mongolia has dropped significantly due to drought, other areas are above 2 yuan. Coupled with corn producer subsidies, most farmers with their own cultivated land have an average income of more than 3 yuan. For farmers who own cultivated land, production subsidies compensate for most of the income loss caused by price reduction. Although the income has decreased after the reform, the basic income is guaranteed and still profitable.

Secondly, farmers' income should be counted as both corn account and comprehensive account. It should be noted that some large grain growers and cooperatives in some places have indeed suffered losses in planting corn, but a considerable part of them are due to the high cost of renting land, which is related to the lack of accurate judgment on the market and excessive pursuit of scale. There are still some losses, either because of natural disasters or because of poor management. The price reform has exposed these losses more obviously, but these factors should be removed from the reform account. In addition, after the price of corn fell, the cost of animal husbandry and processing of agricultural products in the main producing areas decreased, and the development potential of aquaculture and processing industry was released, which greatly expanded the space for farmers to increase their income. When calculating the reform account, we should also take into account the favorable impact on the overall situation.

Thirdly, farmers' income should be counted as both short-term account and long-term account. When the supply is in short supply, the price is high, and the farmers' income from growing grain is more; When there is an oversupply, prices will fall, and farmers' income from growing grain will be less, which is a normal market law. If there is a large surplus of supply and the price does not fall, the market will not operate normally and the industrial development will be unsustainable. The reform of corn purchasing and storage system is to solve the problem of unsustainable market and income. If we don't change it early or take the initiative, farmers' income will be hit harder and the losses will be more difficult to make up until the market collapses. It is worthwhile to get a long-term healthy development of the industry and a long-term mechanism conducive to increasing farmers' income by the temporary decline of farmers' income from growing grain.

third, is it difficult to sell corn? After the temporary purchasing and storage is cancelled, corn is purchased by enterprises in a market-oriented way, and whether it can be sold smoothly has become a new major test. In order to solve the problem of difficulty in selling grain, all localities actively take measures to ensure that farmers can sell grain smoothly.

It is reported that there is a "large surplus grain backlog" in corn producing areas, which also needs careful analysis. Judging from the overall situation of the four provinces in Northeast China, as of the end of February this year, the progress of purchasing corn in Northeast China has exceeded 8% of the commodity volume, and in some places farmers' grain has been sold out. The progress of corn sales is better than expected. Since the purchase of autumn grain began, the railway transportation volume of northeast corn to Guannei has exceeded the highest level in history, and all the corn shipped out is newly purchased corn. This proves from one side that the grain sales of farmers in the main producing areas are generally good.

In fact, most of the so-called "surplus grain backlog" phenomenon is not really difficult to sell grain. The surplus grain in farmers' hands can be roughly divided into four categories: the first category belongs to "inertia surplus grain". For example, in some places, the quality of corn is better, and farmers have the habit of selling surplus grain after spring. In addition, the overall output is relatively large, and the surplus grain is relatively large; The second category belongs to "active surplus grain", and now the acquisition is completely market-oriented. Some farmers think that the price of tidal grain is low and want to sell it at a higher price after the moisture content is reduced, so as to reduce the drying cost and earn more income; The third category belongs to "link surplus grain". For example, Heilongjiang Grain Bureau estimates that there are tens of billions of kilograms of corn for sale in cooperatives, brokers and drying towers. Some are waiting for better market opportunities, and some have existing sales channels, which are actually equivalent to storing for processing or trading enterprises; The fourth category belongs to the real "hard-to-sell surplus grain". In some places, corn grains are not full due to disasters, or mildew is caused by unscientific storage. In some places, the location is remote and transportation is inconvenient, which makes sales relatively difficult. In fact, in areas where the quality of corn is poor and the transportation distance is far away, because governments at all levels attach great importance to it, start early and make great efforts, and the acquisition progress is relatively fast, farmers have little surplus grain in their hands.

fourth, what is the geometry of "breaking the contract and abandoning farming"? It has been reported that in some major grain producing areas, large grain growers have broken their contracts and abandoned their farming, and the phenomenon of "leaving behind their work" has occurred one after another, and many of them have attributed the breach of contracts and abandonment to the decline in agricultural product prices. In this regard, there is no need to worry too much, and there should be no excessive intervention.

in fact, from the general situation, some large enterprises are in poor operating conditions, and the price drop is only one of the reasons. Some of them are too large to operate well, and many of them are too expensive to rent land. It is a necessary ability for a mature agricultural operator to properly cope with the fluctuation of agricultural product prices and land lease costs. In the process of this round of price decline, some business entities "quit", indicating that the market competitiveness of some business entities needs to be improved. In the long run, the reform is conducive to squeezing out the "speculators" in the moderate-scale operation of agriculture and achieving sustained and healthy development. Improving the comprehensive efficiency and competitiveness of agriculture and promoting agricultural modernization is the purpose of developing moderate scale management. If the main body of scale operation cannot play such a role, it may be eliminated by the market. This also reminds us that under the special national conditions and agricultural conditions of our country, it is urgent to develop moderate scale operation of agriculture, and we must act according to market rules.

On the whole, although some new business entities, such as cooperatives and large grain growers, which really understand agriculture, know how to operate, and have moderate scale, have suffered some losses, most of them have not broken their contracts and withdrawn their rents. This is not based on their feelings, but on the long-term expectation of reducing costs and improving benefits such as renting land. After the reform, the excessively high cost of renting land, which has been widely criticized, is expected to gradually return to rationality in the process of market-oriented game between lessors and business households. For example, this year, the cost of renting land in Northeast China was generally lowered from 2 yuan to 3 yuan, returning to a relatively reasonable level. Looking at the situation in various places, many large grain growers have a strong will, some have signed contracts and expanded their business scale, and some are still waiting for the rent price to fall further. Judging from the current situation in the main producing areas, under the background of lowering the cost of renting land, the land circulation has shown an increasing trend, and the development of moderate scale operation of agriculture has an accelerating trend.

fifth, how much help does the government provide? The further the reform goes, the greater the difficulties may be. The more we enter the critical period and the deep water area, the more we need to open roads along the mountain and bridge the water.

in the process of reforming the corn storage system, the government has implemented a series of targeted measures to reduce the negative impact of the reform. First, producers' subsidies were implemented for farmers in the main producing areas, which reduced farmers' income losses. At the same time, give play to the demonstration role of farmers' cooperatives, help farmers calculate the benefit comparison account, guide farmers to adjust the planting structure through various incentive measures, and accelerate the adjustment to the planting structure with higher market benefits. The second is to promote the purchase of corn by giving awards to deep processing enterprises to buy corn in the market, setting up a credit guarantee fund for corn purchase loans, and establishing a guarantee mechanism for grain transportation capacity to ensure "having cars to transport grain". The third is to strengthen support for large-scale business entities. Many major producing areas have increased agricultural support and protection subsidies for large-scale business entities and increased support for high-standard farmland construction. The fourth is to increase production and living relief for particularly difficult farmers. The implementation of these measures has greatly ensured the smooth implementation of the reform.

The reform of corn purchasing and storage system has achieved remarkable results, but there are also some problems. We should not exaggerate achievements, nor should we exaggerate problems. Only in this way can we correctly understand the situation, better grasp the direction of reform and unswervingly push the reform deeper.