The investors of rural banks include domestic and foreign financial institutions, domestic non-financial institutions, corporate legal persons and domestic natural persons, which means that the shareholders of rural banks include private individuals.
According to the Interim Provisions on the Administration of Rural Banks, rural banks have the following characteristics:
1, region and entry threshold
An important feature of rural banks is that their institutions are located in counties and towns. According to the Interim Provisions on the Administration of Rural Banks, the registered capital of rural banks established in cities is not less than 50 million yuan. The registered capital of a village bank established in a county (city) shall not be less than 3 million yuan; The registered capital of a village bank established in a township (town) shall not be less than RMB 6,543,800+0,000.
2. Market positioning
The market positioning of rural banks mainly lies in two aspects: one is to meet the needs of farmers for microfinance, and the other is to serve local small and medium-sized enterprises. In order to effectively meet the local development needs of agriculture, rural areas and farmers and ensure the implementation of the policy of rural banks serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
In the Interim Provisions on the Management of Village Banks, it is clearly required that village banks should not issue loans in different places, and all their available funds will be invested in local rural development and construction after paying the deposit reserve, and the remaining funds can be invested in other aspects.
3. Governance structure
As an independent enterprise legal person, village banks establish and set up their organizational structure according to the organizational standards of modern enterprises. At the same time, according to the principle of scientific management and effective governance, the management structure of rural banks is flat, with fewer management levels, short decision-making chain and relatively fast response, and the business process structure is more in line with the financial capital requirements of agricultural industry.
4. Sponsorship system and property right structure
The innovation of the "sponsor system" of rural banks means that the CBRC stipulates that there must be a commercial bank that meets the regulatory conditions, standardized management and good operating efficiency as the main sponsor bank, and the shareholding ratio of shareholders of a single financial institution shall not be less than 20%. In addition, the shareholding ratio of a single non-financial institution enterprise legal person and its related parties does not exceed 65,438+00%.
Later, in order to encourage private capital to invest in rural banks, the CBRC issued the "Implementation Opinions on Encouraging and Guiding Private Capital to Enter the Banking Industry" in May 20 12, which reduced the minimum shareholding ratio of the main sponsor bank to 15%, further promoting the diversified property rights structure of rural banks.
As early as 1950s, the outlets of China People's Bank in rural areas were changed to rural credit cooperatives. The purpose of rural credit cooperatives is "mutual assistance of farmers' funds", that is, farmers set up credit cooperatives, members contribute capital, and members can borrow money. However, this credit cooperative has never been established voluntarily by farmers, but is run by the government.