Credit (guarantee) insurance is based on various credit behaviors. If the debtor fails to perform the contract and the creditor suffers losses, the insurer shall give economic compensation. Insurance in which the insurer provides guarantee for the debtor's credit at the request of the creditor belongs to credit insurance; The debtor applies to the insurer for insurance of his creditor's rights at the request of the creditor, which belongs to guarantee insurance.
2. What are the main types of credit insurance?
1, general commercial credit insurance
General commercial credit insurance (also known as? Domestic credit insurance? ) refers to the insurance that one party, as the obligee, requires the insurer to take the other party as the guarantor and bear the loss of commercial interests caused by the credit risk of the guarantor. The amount of insurance is determined according to the subject value of the commercial contract signed by both parties.
At present, domestic credit insurance generally underwrites wholesale business, not retail business; Insure short-term commercial credit insurance for 3 ~ 6 months, but not long-term commercial credit risk. Its insurance mainly includes: credit insurance, loan credit insurance and personal loan credit insurance.
(1) Credit insurance on account. Credit insurance on credit is a kind of credit insurance business that provides credit guarantee for deferred payment or installment payment of domestic trade. In this kind of business, the insured is a manufacturer or supplier, and the insurer underwrites the credit risk of the buyer (that is, the debtor); The purpose is to ensure that the insured (that is, the obligee) can recover the credit payment on time and ensure the smooth progress of trade.
(2) Loan credit insurance. Loan credit insurance is the insurance that the insurer guarantees the loan contract between banks or other financial institutions and enterprises and underwrites their credit risks. In loan credit insurance, the lender is both the applicant and the insured. After the lender has taken out loan credit insurance, when the borrower is unable to repay the loan, he can get compensation from the insurer. Loan credit insurance is one of the important means to ensure the normal turnover of bank credit funds.
(3) Personal loan credit insurance. Personal loan credit insurance refers to the credit insurance in which financial institutions grant loans to natural persons, and when financial institutions suffer economic losses due to the debtor's failure to perform the loan contract, the insurer bears the liability for compensation. Because personal circumstances vary widely, and the residence is scattered and the risks are different, the insurer must conduct a comprehensive investigation and understanding of the borrower's purpose, business operation, business reputation and private property, and ask the borrower to provide counter-guarantee when necessary; Otherwise, you can't underwrite it lightly.
2. Export credit insurance
Export credit insurance is a kind of credit insurance that covers the losses suffered by exporters due to the commercial risks of importers or the political risks of importing countries in the process of operating export business. According to the export credit insurance contract, the insured pays the insurance premium to the insurer, and the insurer compensates the economic losses caused by the buyer's credit and related factors according to the insurance contract. Common export credit insurance business mainly includes short-term export credit insurance and medium-and long-term export credit insurance.
(1) Short-term export credit insurance. Short-term export credit insurance refers to the insurance that covers the risk of foreign exchange collection of a large number of primary products and consumer industrial products with a credit period of no more than 180 days. Short-term export credit insurance is the most widely used, largest and relatively standardized export credit insurance among export credit insurance institutions in various countries.
(2) medium and long-term export credit insurance. Medium-and long-term export credit insurance refers to the insurance that covers the export risks of capital or semi-capital goods with a credit period of more than 2 years, such as complete sets of production equipment, ships, airplanes and other large means of transportation, overseas project contracting and special technology transfer or services in factories or mines. Due to the large amount of medium and long-term export projects, long contract execution period, many business links involved, complex operation and few repetitive projects, and the products or services involved need special design and manufacture, there is no fixed and unified format for insurance contracts, but the parties to the insurance contracts negotiate and formulate insurance conditions, insurance rates and charging methods one by one according to different export products or services, different delivery conditions and payment methods.
3. What types of guarantee insurance mainly include?
1, contract guarantee insurance
Contract guarantee insurance (also known as? Contract guarantee insurance? ) refers to an insurance in which the insurer compensates the creditor for the economic losses suffered by the guarantor's failure to perform the contractual obligations. Contract guarantee insurance is mainly used for contracted construction projects. According to the different stages of construction projects, contract guarantee insurance can be divided into:
(1) Supply guarantee insurance. Supply guarantee insurance covers the economic losses caused by the supplier's failure to supply goods to the buyer in accordance with the contract.
(2) Bid guarantee insurance. Bid guarantee insurance covers the economic losses suffered by the project owner because he won the bid but did not sign the contract.
(3) Performance guarantee insurance. Performance guarantee insurance covers the economic losses suffered by the project owner because the contractor fails to deliver the project with good quality and quantity.
(4) Advance payment guarantee insurance. Advance payment guarantee insurance covers the loss of advance payment suffered by the project owner because the contractor fails to perform the contract.
(5) Maintenance guarantee insurance. Maintenance guarantee insurance covers the economic losses suffered by the project owner due to the contractor's failure to fulfill the specified maintenance obligations.
2. Loyalty insurance contract
Fidelity bonds (also known as? Credit guarantee insurance? ) Insure the economic losses caused to the employer by dishonest behaviors of employees, such as theft, corruption, misappropriation, illegal possession, intentional misuse, forgery, deception, etc. This kind of insurance is generally insured by the employer, with the honesty and credit of its formal employees as the insurance subject. Employee loyalty insurance covers the character of the insured employee. Therefore, the insurer should know the past work experience of the insured employee, such as dishonest records, reasons for changing jobs every time, family, working conditions and so on. If the insurer knows that there is something wrong with the employee's character, it will generally not underwrite it.
3. What is product quality assurance insurance?
(1) Definition of product quality assurance insurance.
Product quality assurance insurance (also known as? Product warranty insurance? ) refers to an insurance in which the insurer is liable for the defective product itself and related economic losses and expenses when the insured manufactures or sells products that lose their functions or fail to achieve the efficiency stipulated in the contract, causing economic losses or personal injuries to the users.
(2) The difference between product quality assurance insurance and product liability insurance.
A. the subject matter of insurance is different. The subject matter of product liability insurance is the civil liability for damages that producers, sellers or repairers of products should bear according to law when users, consumers or the public suffer personal injuries or property losses due to defects in the use of products. In short, the object of product liability insurance is product liability. The subject of product quality assurance insurance is the economic compensation responsibility of the insured for the loss of the product itself due to the unqualified quality of the product provided. In short, the object of product quality assurance insurance is the liability for breach of contract of product quality.
B. the nature of enterprises is different. Product liability insurance is a liability insurance provided by the insurer instead of the responsible party of product liability and bearing the economic compensation responsibility for the injured party caused by product accidents; Product quality assurance insurance is a kind of guarantee insurance provided by the insurer for the liability of product quality breach.
C. different scope of responsibility. Product liability insurance covers the economic responsibility for property loss or personal injury caused by product quality problems, and does not compensate the loss of the product itself; Product quality assurance insurance covers the insured's responsibility for the product itself because of the quality defects of the products it manufactures or sells, that is, the responsibility for repairing and replacing the products because of the quality problems of the products.
Because product quality assurance insurance and product liability insurance are closely linked, product quality assurance insurance can be underwritten together with product liability insurance in China at present.