Post-loan management
1. Post-loan management of commercial housing loans
Post-loan management of commercial housing loans refers to the process of dynamic loan management from loan issuance to loan recovery, which mainly includes post-loan inspection, contract change, loan quality classification and risk warning, loan maturity principal and interest recovery, non-performing loan management and post-loan file management.
(1) Post-lending inspection
The main contents of post-loan inspection include borrower's situation inspection and guarantee inspection.
① The main contents of the borrower's situation inspection include:
A. the use of loan funds;
B. Whether the borrower repays the loan in full and on time;
C whether the borrower's work unit and income level have changed;
D. Whether the domicile and telephone number of the borrower have changed;
E. Whether there are any unexpected events that may affect the borrower's repayment ability or willingness, such as major economic, litigation or arbitration procedures, the borrower's physical deterioration or sudden death, etc. ;
F. Commercial housing rent and rental income, etc.
(2) The main contents of the guarantee inspection include:
A. the operation and financial status of the guarantor;
B. the existence, use and value change of collateral;
C. Timeliness and value change of pledge right certificate;
D. Monitoring the rental of commercial housing and the price fluctuation of mortgaged commercial housing;
E. other factors that may affect the effectiveness of the letter of guarantee.
(2) Contract change
① Advance payment
For prepayment banks, there are generally the following basic agreements:
A. The borrower shall submit an application for prepayment to the bank;
B. The borrower's loan account has no arrears of principal and interest and other expenses;
C. prepayment belongs to the borrower's breach of contract, and the bank will charge liquidated damages according to regulations;
The borrower shall repay the current loan principal and interest before prepayment.
② Term adjustment
If the borrower needs to adjust the loan term, it shall apply to the bank for term adjustment, and must meet the following conditions:
A. the loan is not yet due.
B. There is no interest on the arrears
C. No principal arrears
D. At present, the principal has been repaid.
③ Change of repayment method:
The borrower shall meet the following conditions when changing the repayment method:
A. An application for change of repayment method shall be submitted to the bank;
B there is no default of principal and interest and other expenses in the borrower's loan account;
C the borrower shall repay the current loan principal and interest before changing the repayment method.
(4) Modification and rescission of the loan contract:
A. If the loan contract needs to be changed or dissolved according to law, it must be agreed by both the borrower and the borrower through consultation, and the loan contract will remain valid until the agreement is reached;
B. If it is necessary to change the mortgage (pledge) registration, it shall also go through the mortgage (pledge) change registration formalities and other relevant formalities at the original mortgage (pledge) registration department;
(4) Modification and rescission of the loan contract:
A. If the loan contract needs to be changed or dissolved according to law, it must be agreed by both the borrower and the borrower through consultation, and the loan contract will remain valid until the agreement is reached;
B. If it is necessary to change the mortgage (pledge) registration, it shall also go through the mortgage (pledge) change registration formalities and other relevant formalities at the original mortgage (pledge) registration department;
C. When the guarantor loses its guarantee ability or the guarantor goes bankrupt, splits up or merges, the borrower shall promptly notify the lending bank and provide the guarantee recognized by the lending bank again;
D after the borrower dies, is declared dead, is declared missing or loses the capacity for civil conduct during the repayment period, if there is no heir or legatee, or the successor or legatee refuses to perform the loan contract, the lending bank has the right to recover the loan in advance and dispose of the collateral or pledge according to law to return the unpaid part.
(3) loan quality classification and risk early warning
On the basis of post-loan inspection, banks should establish a quality classification system and a risk early warning system for commercial housing loans. Commercial banks should at least classify loans into five categories: normal, concerned, secondary, suspicious and loss according to the risk classification guidelines, and adjust the classification results in time according to their risk changes to accurately reflect the loan quality.
(4) Recover the loan principal and interest at maturity.
Loan recovery refers to the borrower's timely and full repayment of loan principal and interest in accordance with the repayment plan and repayment method agreed in the loan contract. The ultimate goal of post-loan management is to fully recover the loan principal and interest at maturity.
There are two repayment methods: entrusted deduction and counter repayment. The borrower can choose a repayment method in the contract, or change it within the loan period according to the specific situation.
The principle of loan recovery is to collect interest first, then the principal, all of which are due, and the interest will be paid off together with the principal. Generally speaking, before the short-term loan expires 1 week, and before the medium-and long-term loan expires 1 month, the post-loan manager should send a notice of repayment of principal and interest to the borrower, urging the borrower to prepare funds to repay the principal and interest in full and on time.
(5) Non-performing loan management
Regarding the management of non-performing commercial housing loans, banks should first identify non-performing commercial housing loans according to the five-level classification of loan risks, then analyze non-performing loans in a timely manner, establish a non-performing loan ledger for commercial housing loans, clarify the person responsible for the collection of non-performing loans, and monitor the recovery of non-performing loans in real time.
For borrowers who fail to repay the loan on time, telephone collection, letter collection, door-to-door collection, lawyer's letter and judicial collection are adopted to urge them to repay the loan principal and interest on time and minimize the loan loss. If there is a guarantor, they should inform the guarantor to collect the money.
(6) Post-loan file management
(1) Document collection and filing registration.
② Borrowing (checking) and reading management of archives.
(3) file transfer and receiving.
③ Return and destruction of archives.
2. Post-lending and file management of secured liquidity loans
Post-loan and file management of secured working capital loans should pay special attention to the following contents in addition to the relevant contents of commercial housing loans:
(1) Daily visits of enterprises
(2) Check the financial operation of the enterprise.
(3) check the progress of the project
What did you get in the 20 17 banking qualification examination? What will be involved in each subject?
What did you get in the 20 17 banking qualification examination? What will be involved in each subject?
1, the bank qualification examination is divided into basic subjects and professional subjects.
2. Basic subjects of public service: public service foundation (the content of the public service basic certificate examination is the basic knowledge of bank employees' qualifications).
3. Professional subjects: personal finance and risk management (the content of professional certificate examination is related professional knowledge and skills of bank employees).
4. Exam questions: All are objective questions, including multiple-choice questions, multiple-choice questions and judgment questions.
5. Examination form: The qualification examination is conducted by computer and closed-book.
6. The qualification examination outline shall be formulated by the certification office. The proposition scope of the qualification examination shall be subject to the published examination outline.
1. The subjects of the banking qualification examination are: banking laws and regulations, comprehensive ability and banking professional practice. Among them, banking professional practice consists of five professional categories: risk management, personal finance, corporate credit, personal loan and bank management, and only one of them can be selected.
2, the content of each subject is not the same, you can buy books on related aspects to understand.
What subjects do you take in the bank qualification examination?
Hello, Chinese public education is at your service.
The banking qualification examination subjects are: public foundation, personal finance, risk management, corporate credit and personal loans. Among them, the public foundation is the basic subject, and the rest are professional subjects. Candidates can choose any subject to enter the exam. According to the Measures for the Administration of Qualification Examination Certificates for Banking Practitioners in China, passing the "public * * * basic" examination and obtaining the certificate is a necessary prerequisite for obtaining the professional certificate.
For details, please click: 20 13 Guide to Banking Qualification Examination.
More information about bank qualification examination: Shanghai Bank Recruitment Network.
If in doubt, please consult the public education enterprises in China.
Which subjects are easy to apply for the bank qualification examination?
In the preliminary qualification examination of the banking industry, professional practical subjects such as personal finance, risk management, personal loans and corporate credit are not particularly difficult, because they are all computer-based examinations, and the questions are basically single-choice questions, multiple-choice questions and judgment questions, without subjective questions.
Generally speaking, personal finance is the most frequently tested and the difficulty is relatively low. Others, such as risk management, personal loans and corporate credit, are slightly more difficult. The reason why it is generally considered difficult is that there are many knowledge points and it is relatively more complicated, but as long as you study hard, you will find that it is not as difficult as everyone said.
What does the bank qualification examination include?
The bank qualification examination mainly tests the professional knowledge, technology and ability related to banks that candidates have.
The qualification examination is divided into basic subjects and professional subjects. The examination content of public basic certificate is the basic knowledge of the qualification of banking practitioners. The examination content of professional certificate is the relevant professional knowledge and skills of banking practitioners.
For more recruitment information and exam content, please pay attention to: Hubei Bank Recruitment Information Network: hu.jinrongren./
What are the main contents of the bank qualification examination?
The examination subjects are public foundation, corporate credit, personal finance, personal loan and risk management.
China public * * * is based on public * * * subjects; Corporate credit, personal finance, personal loans and risk management are all professional subjects. Candidates can choose any of the four subjects to apply for the exam.
Qualification certificates are divided into basic certificates and professional certificates. The public basic certificate is the qualification certificate that all people in the banking industry should have; Professional certificate is the qualification certificate of personnel in relevant professional positions in banks.
What are the subjects of the bank qualification examination?
Banking qualification examination is divided into banking laws and regulations and comprehensive ability (namely, the original "Public Basis") and banking professional practice. Among them, banking professional practice consists of five professional categories: personal finance, risk management, corporate credit, personal loan and bank management.
What are the subjects of the bank qualification examination?
Take the exam online experts to answer your questions. The subjects of the bank qualification examination are:
(1) Banking laws, regulations and comprehensive ability are compulsory subjects (that is, the original "Public * * * Basis"), and bank employees who pass the public * * * basic examination subjects and certificates will receive public * * basic certificates.
(2) Professional examination subjects are optional subjects, including (personal finance, risk management, corporate credit, personal loans), and candidates can choose one of the examination subjects to enter the exam. Professional examination subjects, bank employees who pass the examination will get the corresponding professional qualification certificate of single subject.
Bankers who have passed the public basic examination alone but have not applied for other professional subjects may apply for the public basic certificate.
If you want to know more about the banking qualification examination subjects, you can pay attention to the online examination.
Urgent! What subjects do you choose for the bank qualification examination?
Listen to me. Take a personal financial test. Personal loan has many contents, which are easy to be confused and difficult to remember. It's hard. . .
What does the bank qualification examination include?
The qualification examination is divided into basic subjects and professional subjects. The examination content of public basic certificate is the basic knowledge of the qualification of banking practitioners. The examination content of professional certificate is the relevant professional knowledge and skills of banking practitioners.
Bank professional qualification 20 17 Personal loans: Personal housing loans.
(2) Loan interest rate
For individual housing loans with a term of less than 1 year (including 1 year), the contract interest rate shall be implemented, and no interest shall be accrued when the statutory interest rate is adjusted; If the loan term is more than 1 year, the adjustment of the legal interest rate during the contract period can be determined by the borrower and the borrower through negotiation according to commercial principles, and can be adjusted monthly, quarterly and annually or at a fixed interest rate during the contract period. However, in practice, banks will implement new interest rate regulations according to the corresponding interest rate grades from 1 in the following year.
(3) Term of the loan
The term of individual first-hand housing loans and second-hand housing loans is reasonably determined by the bank according to the actual situation, and the longest term is 30 years. The term of personal second-hand housing loan cannot exceed the remaining service life of the purchased house. For borrowers who have retired or are about to retire (the current legal retirement age is 60 for men and 55 for women), the loan period should not be too long. Generally, the repayment period of male natural persons shall not exceed 65, and that of female natural persons shall not exceed 60. Meet the relevant conditions, men can be relaxed to 70 years old, women can be relaxed to 65 years old. According to their own situation, the regulations of each bank are different.
(4) repayment method
The repayment methods of individual housing loans include: one-time principal and interest repayment, equal principal repayment, equal progressive repayment, equal progressive repayment and combined repayment.
Generally speaking, if the loan term is within 1 year (including 1 year), the borrower can repay the principal and interest in one lump sum, that is, pay off the loan principal and interest in one lump sum before the loan expires. If the loan term exceeds 65,438+0 years, the repayment method of equal principal and interest and the repayment method of average capital can be adopted. The borrower can choose the repayment method as needed, but only one repayment method can be selected in a loan contract. After the signing of the loan contract, the repayment method shall not be changed without the consent of the loan bank.
(5) Guarantee method
There are three ways to guarantee personal housing loans: mortgage, pledge and guarantee.
In the personal housing loan business, the guarantee method adopted is mortgage guarantee.
Mainly before realizing mortgage registration, mortgage plus installment guarantee is generally adopted.
The way.
Mortgage plus installment guarantor is usually the developer or seller of the house purchased by the borrower, and has signed a cooperation agreement with the bank for the sale and purchase of commercial housing loans.
In the first-hand housing loan, before the mortgage registration is completed, the developer generally assumes the stage guarantee responsibility.
In the second-hand housing loan, the intermediary or guarantee institution generally assumes the stage guarantee responsibility. The Borrower, the Mortgagor and the Guarantor shall simultaneously sign a mortgage plus phased guarantee loan contract with the loan bank.
After the mortgaged house obtains the house ownership certificate and completes the mortgage registration, according to the contract, the mortgage plus installment guarantor will no longer perform the guarantee responsibility.
Where mortgage guarantee is adopted, the collateral must meet the statutory conditions stipulated in the Guarantee Law. The value of collateral is determined according to the market transaction price or evaluation price of collateral. If the borrower uses the purchased house as collateral, the bank usually requires the full value of the house as loan collateral; If other properties recognized by the lending bank are used as collateral, the bank often stipulates that the loan amount shall not exceed a certain proportion of the collateral value.
Where the pledge is used, the pledge can be securities such as voucher-type treasury bonds issued by the Ministry of Finance, national key construction bonds, financial bonds, corporate bonds that meet the requirements of loan banks, corporate certificates of deposit, and personal certificates of deposit.
Where a guarantee is used, the guarantor shall sign a guarantee contract with the loan bank. The loan guarantee provided by the guarantor to the borrower is a full joint liability guarantee, and the borrower, the borrower and the guarantor may not provide guarantees to each other.
(6) Loan amount
In individual housing loans, for those who purchase the first set of self-occupied housing with a floor area of less than 90 square meters, the loan amount is generally determined by deducting the down payment of not less than 20% of the proposed housing price; For the purchase of the first set of self-occupied housing with a construction area of over 90 square meters, the down payment ratio of the loan is not less than 30%, and for those who have used the loan to purchase houses and applied for the purchase of two or more houses, the down payment ratio is not less than 40%.
Lecture Notes on the Examination of Personal Loans for Banks 20 17: Prohibitive Provisions on Banking Business
6.3 Prohibition of banking business
6.3. 1 Commercial banks are prohibited from issuing credit loans to related parties.
Commercial banks may not issue credit loans to related parties; The conditions for granting secured loans to related parties shall not be superior to those for similar loans of other borrowers. The related parties mentioned in the preceding paragraph refer to: (1) directors, supervisors, managers, credit business personnel and their close relatives of commercial banks; (2) Companies, enterprises and other economic organizations in which the personnel listed in the preceding paragraph invest or hold senior management positions.
It is forbidden to provide credit loans to related parties in order to improve the quality of bank credit assets, reduce risks, create a fair and open loan environment and prevent insider trading.
6.3.2 Prohibit improper means in the deposit and loan business of commercial banks.
The concrete manifestations of unfair competition behavior of commercial banks in China are as follows: first, unfair competition in interest rates; The second is unfair competition in financial services.
6.3.3 Interbank lending business is prohibited.
Interbank lending shall comply with the provisions of the People's Bank of China. It is forbidden to use borrowed funds to issue fixed assets loans or make investments.
20 17 what are the knowledge points in the qualification examination for bank employees?
Basic subjects of bank qualification examination (required): laws and regulations and comprehensive ability
The types of questions in the primary vocational qualification examination of banking industry: all are objective questions, including multiple-choice questions, multiple-choice questions and judgment questions.
Subject of primary vocational qualification examination for banks (optional): The professional practice of banks consists of five professional categories: personal finance, risk management, corporate credit, personal loan and bank management.
Intermediate vocational qualification examination for banks: banking laws and regulations and comprehensive ability, banking professional practice. Among them, "banking professional practice" consists of three professional categories (personal finance, corporate credit and personal loan).
Types of intermediate vocational qualification examination for banks: multiple-choice questions, multiple-choice questions, judgment questions, connection questions and fill-in-the-blank questions.
Suggestion:
1. Learning thinking line: Grasp the characteristics of objective questions, integrate theory with practice in daily study, and don't memorize. Grasp the logic line of the text of the textbook and grasp the framework of the textbook as a whole.
2. Learning strategy arrangement: based on teaching materials, focusing on lectures and consolidating on doing problems.
20 17 banking personal loan testing center: the concept and types of personal credit objection
The column of bank professional qualification sincerely recommends "20 17 Bank Personal Loan Test Center: Concept and Types of Personal Credit Objection", hoping to help the majority of candidates. For more information, please continue to pay attention to this website.
(1) The concept of dissent
Objection is that individuals hold negative or different opinions on the information reflected in their credit reports.
The main reasons for the opposition include the following:
First, personal basic information has changed, but individuals have not provided the changed information to commercial banks and other data reporting institutions in time, which has affected the update of information;
Second, the data information submitted by the data reporting agency is incorrectly entered or the information is not updated in time, which leads to the incorrect content reflected in the personal credit report;
Third, data processing errors caused by technical reasons;
Fourth, others steal or use their personal identity to obtain loans or credit cards, and the resulting credit records are not known to the stolen person (fraud):
Fifth, individuals forget to have economic contacts with data reporting agencies (such as credit cards and loans), thus mistakenly thinking that the information in personal credit report is wrong.
Objection handling means that when an individual thinks that the credit information in his credit report is wrong, he can file a written objection application through the credit management department of the local people's bank or directly to the credit service center.
(2) Types of objections
At present, there are the following types of objection applications that are often encountered in objection handling:
The first category is that I have never applied for a loan or credit card at all. Typical cases are as follows: others fraudulently use or steal personal identity to obtain credit or credit cards; Credit cards are handled by units or friends for individuals, but not delivered to individuals; I forgot whether I applied for a loan or a credit card.
The second category is that the overdue records of loans or credit cards are inconsistent with the actual situation. There are the following typical situations: personal loans are repaid by units, guarantee companies or other institutions on behalf of individuals as agreed, but the units, guarantee companies or other institutions fail to repay in the bank in time, which leads to overdue; Personal credit card has never been used because the annual fee is overdue; Individuals don't know the bank's rules for confirming overdue, and they will be overdue unconsciously.
The third category is that personal basic information such as identity, residence and occupation is inconsistent with the actual situation. The objection applicant originally filled in the wrong information in the application materials, but later the basic information changed but did not go to the bank to update it in time; Personal credit database updates information once a month, and the system has not yet reached the normal update time.
The fourth category is the objection to the guarantee information. Generally, there are the following situations: an individual's relatives or friends have gone through the guarantee procedures in his own name, but he forgot or didn't know it at all; Poor personal custody of documents will lead to fraudulent use by others. 20 17 registration time for bank vocational qualification examination