2. Different targets: the relationship between bondholders and issuers is creditor-debtor relationship. Loan is to transfer the lender's monetary ownership to the borrower, and the borrower repays the loan and interest;
3. The issuance methods are different: bonds are liabilities, while lending is loans.
The above is the difference between bonds and loans.
Loan risk
1. risk of non-repayment: after the loan is issued and all reasonable and legal measures are taken, the debtor is still unable to recover the principal and interest of the lender. This is also the easiest risk to avoid in loans;
2. Mortgage risk: When the lender fails to perform the debt, the mortgage right cannot be realized. Generally, the collateral is damaged, lost or confiscated due to the lender's behavior;
3. Pledge risk: refers to the risk that the creditor cannot exercise the pledge right due to the damage of the pledge when the debt has been paid off or unpaid.