China has a large population and little land resources, and the state has promulgated many laws and regulations to protect basic farmland. Developing animal husbandry is an important way to build a new countryside and increase farmers' income. The development of animal husbandry must occupy land, which forms the contradiction between animal husbandry development and the protection of basic farmland. In order to correctly handle contradictions, use land scientifically, reasonably and legally, and ensure the sustainable development of animal husbandry in our city, recently, we conducted an investigation on the land used for animal husbandry in our city, and the report is as follows.
1, the present situation of livestock and poultry breeding land in the city
In recent years, our city has closely focused on the construction of new countryside, adjusted the agricultural industrial structure and vigorously developed animal husbandry. In 2006, the output value of animal husbandry in the city was 26180 thousand yuan, accounting for 23% of the total agricultural output value, and the per capita income of farmers was 1599 yuan. Animal husbandry has become a pillar industry to increase farmers' income. However, in the face of the scarcity of land resources, especially the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization and the transformation of livestock and poultry breeding methods marked by scale and community, the contradiction of livestock and poultry breeding land has become increasingly prominent, which has become one of the main bottlenecks restricting the development of animal husbandry.
According to the data of 2005 provided by the land and resources department, the total land area of the city is 5499.38+09 hectares. Among them, agricultural land is 4332 19.79 hectares, accounting for 81%; The construction land is 70652.37 hectares, accounting for13.5438+0%; The unused land is 30,927.03 hectares, accounting for 5.78%.
Among the agricultural land, the cultivated land is 230,449.7 hectares, accounting for 53.2% of the agricultural land (including irrigated paddy fields accounting for 2.29%; Irrigated land accounts for14.2%; Dry land accounts for 34.63%; Vegetable land accounts for 2. 13%) Garden land is 58,387.22 hectares, accounting for13.48%; Woodland 8 146 1.53 hectares, accounting for18.8%; Grassland 0, other agricultural land 6292 1.34 hectares, accounting for 14.52%.
Among the construction land, the residential and industrial land is 5500 1. 12 hectares, accounting for 77.85% of the construction land; The traffic land is 5283.8 hectares, accounting for 7.48% of the construction land; Land for water conservancy facilities 10367.45 hectares, accounting for 14.67%.
According to the statistics of the animal husbandry department, at the end of 2005, there were 654.38+000700 large livestock, 673.200 live pigs, 754. 1000 sheep, 654.38+07302 poultry, 654.38+080020 rabbits, and 385.6002. Each beef cattle is 20m2, chicken is 0.8m2, duck1.1m2, rabbit is 0.5m2, sheep is 5m2, and pig10m2). In 2005, there were 704,900 standard livestock in the city (standard livestock conversion standard: 65,438 +0 cattle =5 pigs). According to the preliminary investigation in 2005, the livestock and poultry breeding land in the city was1161.16 hectares, accounting for 42% of the breeding land, which shows that the city has 52%. According to the survey, the land occupied by animal husbandry was mainly cultivated land more than 10 years ago. In recent years, with the protection of cultivated land, the land for animal husbandry began to shift to hillside and arid thin land. Livestock and poultry breeding land basically belongs to the pattern of decentralized layout, and each village has different breeding communities (fields) outside the village. By the end of 2005, there were 1592 1 farms,194 farming communities and116 hectares of farming land. Among them, dry land accounts for 42.2%; Garden accounts for18.8%; Woodland accounts for16.7%; Other places (old houses, old schools, etc. ) accounted for 22.2%.
2. Existing problems
2. Insufficient understanding of 1. Some cadres and masses do not know enough about the development of animal husbandry, do not fundamentally realize the important role of developing modern animal husbandry in prolonging the agricultural industrial chain, transferring rural labor force and increasing farmers' income, and are not determined enough to effectively solve the problem of animal husbandry land use.
2. There is no land for animal husbandry in the overall land planning. With the progress of science and technology, standardized and large-scale production will gradually replace the family farming mode and move towards the "out of the village into the area" feeding mode, and the demand for livestock and poultry breeding land will also increase. Over the years, most of the agricultural land planning has been based on planting, and the land for animal husbandry has not been included in the planning. Urban master plan also lacks the connection with agriculture and rural land, so it is difficult to use land for animal husbandry to restrict the development of production to a great extent.
2, 3 animal husbandry land restrictions are strict. According to the survey, there are forbidden areas all over the country, and most of the livestock and poultry farms in the forbidden areas are facing the situation that there is no land to move; In addition, the land conditions of the scale field are also very unsatisfactory, with poor geographical location, far away from water sources and inconvenient transportation. Some local land management departments have more restrictions on the existing land for animal husbandry, and they accidentally levy land occupation fees. It is required that the construction of livestock and poultry farms shall not destroy the arable layer, harden the ground, or even build courtyard walls. Only asbestos shingles, linoleum paper and other building materials can be used to build simple sheds. The building quality of livestock and poultry houses is poor, and it is difficult to resist natural disasters such as strong winds and floods.
2, 4 demolition policy is not in place. In the process of closing or relocating the farms in the designated livestock and poultry forbidden areas, it is difficult to compensate the economic losses caused by the demolition because some local policies are not in place and there is a lack of supporting resettlement land. Due to the lack of suitable land and funds, most farms are not enthusiastic.
3. Guiding ideology and demand forecast
Guiding ideology: under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, with the goal of building a new countryside, according to the specific requirements of the municipal party committee and municipal government to develop characteristic ecological agriculture, on the premise of protecting basic cultivated land, we will ensure the land for livestock and poultry breeding, use land scientifically according to law, build an ecological and healthy breeding base, and realize the sustainable development of animal husbandry.
Principle of land use: First, insist on protecting basic farmland, and insist on not using basic farmland without special factors; Second, adhere to scientific planning, land conservation, scientific land use and legal land use; Third, adhere to the construction of ecological breeding base, fully consider the impact of land use mode and spatial layout on the environment and land, and combine the development of animal husbandry with the management of feeding environment; Fourth, adhere to the use of land according to law and strictly follow the requirements of laws and regulations such as the Animal Husbandry Law and the Land Management Law.
Forecast of land demand for livestock and poultry breeding in 2006-2020: In 2020, the city will raise1365,700 standard animals, an increase of 660,800 standard animals, accounting for 90% of the total, and the required land will be 4,675.53 hectares, an increase of 10.44% compared with 2006. Need to add 35 10.67 hectares of breeding land, with an average annual increase of 250.76 hectares.
4. Countermeasures and suggestions
4. 1 Raise awareness and enhance the sense of urgency in developing animal husbandry. In recent years, with the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, animal husbandry has become an important industry to build a new countryside and increase farmers' income. Developing modern animal husbandry can not only extend the industrial chain, but also provide new jobs for rural surplus labor, and increase market share and efficiency by improving the quality and safety level of livestock products. Developing modern animal husbandry and realizing large-scale and standardized farming will inevitably involve land use. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the understanding of the necessity of solving the problem of developing modern animal husbandry with land for animal husbandry, seriously investigate and study, and formulate ideas, plans and relevant policies and measures for solving the problem of land for animal husbandry in various ways, ways and diversification.
4, 2 innovative ideas, to achieve a win-win situation for the development of animal husbandry and land use. For mountainous cultivated land with low grain yield and poor quality, barren slopes and beaches, or places that are not suitable for developing cash crops, the land for animal husbandry should be met as much as possible, and it will gradually develop into a modern animal husbandry demonstration area and a large-scale breeding base to promote and promote regional economic development. At the same time, in accordance with the requirements of the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, the forbidden (limited) areas for livestock and poultry breeding shall be reasonably delineated, and the scope shall not be expanded at will. For large-scale farms that really need to be relocated, governments at all levels and relevant departments should also determine new farm sites and land use indicators as soon as possible to speed up the gradient transfer of livestock and poultry farms. In sloping land, wasteland and woodland that can be used for breeding, we should actively guide, encourage and introduce corresponding policies and measures, support large-scale farms in economically developed areas to gradually transfer to economically underdeveloped mountainous areas, and alleviate the contradiction of insufficient land for animal husbandry.
4, 3, the use of policies to solve the contradiction of animal husbandry land. According to the survey, the more economically developed areas, the greater the potential for developing animal husbandry, and the more prominent the contradiction of land use. To this end, we must support it in policy. First, the index of animal husbandry land use should be clearly included in the overall planning of agricultural land. According to the relevant provisions of the Land Management Law, land for animal husbandry and agricultural land should be treated equally in policy, and a certain number of special land for animal husbandry should be arranged in a planned way every year. Second, encourage the rational layout of all kinds of livestock and poultry land according to the requirements of healthy breeding, vigorously promote the organic combination of animal husbandry, planting, forestry and fruit industry, and allow the construction of corresponding supporting farms in cultivated land, mountains and gardens, which not only realizes the resource utilization of farm manure, but also saves costs.
4, 4 innovative model, the development of land-saving animal husbandry. Use advanced animal husbandry technology to study land-saving breeding technology. The first is to explore the breeding technology of multi-layer pens. According to the different requirements of raising livestock and poultry, the single-storey coop was changed into a multi-storey coop by using mechanized equipment for reference, which requires high land and develops three-dimensional farming. The second is to study the new technology of livestock and poultry free-range. Explore the most suitable free-range technology for different livestock and poultry under different land conditions, including using low slope grass slope, orchard, tea garden, bamboo garden and so on. , and as little as possible to build or not build enclosure with hardening facilities, in order to save land. The third is to explore temporary facility breeding technology. For fast-growing livestock and poultry, we should design various simple pens according to different seasons and local conditions, apply modern technology to develop animal husbandry, realize the organic combination of breeding and planting, and improve the utilization rate of limited land.