1. Wenzhou's commercial culture with a long history Wenzhou's traditional culture has always been characterized by "pursuing utility". Because Wenzhou has a large population and few people in history, and its geographical location is far from the political center, there are many vendors engaged in small businesses. The Yongjia School, which rose in the Northern Song Dynasty and formed in the Southern Song Dynasty, criticized the feudal government's thought of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining the end" and put forward the idea of "combining justice with benefit" and "combining justice with benefit". In the material and moral relationship, the concept of "gentleman's righteousness, villain's benefit" was abandoned, which created Wenzhou people's strong business consciousness and business mind. Another notable feature of Wenzhou traditional culture is pragmatism, which neither makes empty metaphysical discussions nor pays much attention to the changes of external environment, and pursues "practical application" from beginning to end. The purpose of "being practical" is to pursue the maximization of interests, which naturally breeds the spirit of "ten million" for Wenzhou people to survive and develop: to overcome thousands of difficulties and dangers, to travel all over Qian Shan, to do everything possible, to say a thousand words, and to earn millions at all costs. The ancient mercantilist tradition determines that the market is the parent of food and clothing, and profit is the ultimate goal. There is an irreconcilable rift between these utilitarian commercial cultural traditions and the ideology of planned economy, which can only be temporarily frozen under the conditions of planned economy in the past. However, temporary freezing is only relative. According to the People's Daily (1957 19 10), as early as 1956, Yongjia County, Wenzhou carried out the experiment of "fixing production to households". By the summer of 1957, there were about 1000 agricultural cooperatives in Wenzhou counties, including more than 78,000 households (accounting for 15% of the farmers who joined the cooperative). Wenzhou farmers who left the land, relying on the business wisdom and skills handed down from generation to generation, carried forward the spirit of "being the first" and began to enter the market competition stage on a small scale. 1978 at the beginning of the reform and opening up, the ideology under the planned economy was slightly loosened, and Wenzhou people quickly sought a breakthrough in their own development, forming a "deviation" from the traditional planned economy ideology, which was an important cultural motivation for the establishment of the "Wenzhou Model".
Second, the reason for the rise-the great development of the non-public economy After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Wenzhou took the lead in reform and marketization. The government has liberalized the development of private economy and boldly explored joint-stock cooperative system and joint-stock system. The development of Wenzhou's non-public economy has roughly gone through four stages: (1) 1978 to 1980, with "store in front and factory behind" as the main feature. Due to the implementation of the household contract responsibility system in rural areas, a large number of rural surplus labor forces have been liberated from the land and engaged in family industry and individual industry and commerce, and there has been a scene of "every family runs a factory and every household listens to the sound of machines". "Opening a shop in the front door and producing in the backyard" was a typical model at that time. (2)1mid-1980s to 1992, characterized by "the gestation and birth of joint-stock cooperative system". Due to the rapid development of private economy, the individual or family workshop-style production and operation mode can no longer adapt to the larger and higher-grade development of enterprises. As a result, all kinds of small enterprises have moved towards alliances, and joint-stock cooperative enterprises invested by multiple owners have emerged. "Joint-stock cooperative system" became the most typical enterprise organization form at that time. (3) From 1992 to 1998, the stage of improvement, rationalization and standardization. After Comrade Deng Xiaoping's southern tour speech, Wenzhou organized a second venture focusing on improving the overall quality of the economy, which concentrated on solving some outstanding problems in the development of the non-public economy and properly cleaned up and standardized some * * * problems. (4) From 1998 to the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it has developed healthily. According to the spirit of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the First Session of the Ninth National People's Congress, more active and effective measures should be taken to promote the rapid and healthy development of the non-public economy. By May 2002, there were more than 2 10000 individual industrial and commercial households and more than 40000 non-public enterprises in Wenzhou. The number of non-public enterprises in the city accounts for more than 90% of the total enterprises in the city; According to the "capital ratio method" of industrial enterprises with annual sales income of more than 5 million yuan, the industrial output value of non-public enterprises accounts for more than 80% of the total industrial output value of the city.
Three. Motivation to get rich-rural industrialization and rural urbanization Wenzhou's economic development path can be clearly reflected in the following two sets of figures: the first set of figures is the changes in the structure of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, 1978 was 44.2: 35.8: 22.0, and in 2006 it was 6. 1: 56.6. The second set of figures is 200 1 realized GDP. The added value of primary industry is 57 16 billion yuan, the added value of secondary industry is 52.832 billion yuan, and the added value of tertiary industry is 34.774 billion yuan. Rural urbanization has promoted agricultural industrialization. Optimistically speaking, Wenzhou has entered the middle and late stage of industrialization. The classic development mode of industrialization and urbanization is mainly the construction of a large number of industrial enterprises in cities and the migration of rural population to cities. However, the development of Wenzhou did not take this road, but accelerated the agricultural industrialization relying on township enterprises and private economy to promote rural urbanization, and took the decentralized urbanization road with the focus on developing small towns. By 2000, there were 130 towns in Wenzhou with a population of 4,882,400, and there were 2 1 towns with more than 50,000 people. Among them, 30 economically strong towns represented by Liushi and Longgang account for 38.6% of the city's rural population, but their total economic output accounts for 82.6% of the city's rural population. It is estimated that 1978, since the reform and opening up, with the rise of small towns, more than1000000 farmers in Wenzhou rural areas have moved out and become urban residents. The statistical results of the fifth population census show that the urban population of Wenzhou accounts for 5 1% of the city's total population, and its urbanization level ranks among the top in China.
Four. Conclusion (1) Wenzhou's economic development and operation mode is a market economy system created under the background of China's reform and opening up and the operation conditions of the market economy system, which makes Wenzhou people feel at home and provides valuable practical experience for further deepening China's reform and opening up and improving the management system and operation mechanism of the market economy. Development is the last word, market-oriented reform promotes development, and reform must be based on ideological emancipation. The success of Wenzhou model benefits from actively implementing the party's principles and policies, rationally guiding and exerting the driving force of advanced culture, and finding and guiding the breakthrough of local economic development. (2) With the rapid development of Wenzhou's non-public economy, the effective actions of the government will help to establish a sense of service. The government resolutely does not interfere with what enterprises should do; In a place where enterprises can't do anything, the government takes the initiative to undertake the task of "matchmaking". The second is to formulate support policies. China's first local administrative regulations of private enterprises and the first agricultural economic problems of joint-stock cooperative system (No.1 1 in 2002) all came from Wenzhou. The third is to strengthen management guidance. In view of the negative impact of fake and shoddy products on Wenzhou's economy in the early stage of economic development, Wenzhou City put forward the slogan of "building a market with quality and developing famous brands". After nearly 10 years' efforts, the stubborn diseases such as counterfeiting, recklessness and fraud have been basically solved, and Wenzhou's economy has begun to transform into a large-scale, export-oriented, scientific, regional and branded economic model. (3) Wenzhou's practice of speeding up the construction of small towns is very innovative (1), with unified planning and orderly development. Combined with the guiding strategy of building a "modern new Wenzhou", the government has strengthened the central position of central towns according to the principle of "strengthening central towns, highlighting key towns and giving consideration to ordinary towns". (2) Reform mechanism and strengthen functions. The administrative management system, town-level financial system, urban construction investment and financing system, land use system, household registration system, grain purchase and sale system and social security system have been reformed one after another. (3) Support training, recognition and reward. Give some county-level management functions to key towns, establish and improve the county-level management departments of pilot towns and give them corresponding authority, give priority to industrial park construction projects, establish "investment and development companies" in qualified pilot towns, conduct comprehensive evaluation according to the total economic development, growth quality and comprehensive strength, and give grand recognition and economic rewards to advanced towns. (D) Wenzhou's economic operation mode is only one of the successful experiences of China's economic development, especially rural economic development in the new period. After China's agricultural development has entered a new stage, many beneficial explorations have been carried out in different degrees and in different aspects throughout the country. For example, Suzhou has carried out more extensive and beneficial practices in improving the degree of agricultural organization. Farmers in this city participate in various forms of cooperative economic organizations, accounting for about 10%, which has fully demonstrated the effectiveness of improving the degree of agricultural organization. The main specific organizational forms are: joint-stock professional cooperatives (consortia), membership-based rural professional technical associations, "company+farmer" contract leading enterprises, village-level (asset) joint-stock cooperatives, etc. The government has formulated corresponding support policies in a relaxed and favorable environment. For example, Jiangsu has issued some good policies in the service, taxation and business operation of rural professional cooperatives in a timely manner. Zhangjiagang plans to establish an agricultural industrialization guarantee fund to provide loan guarantees for various technical associations and economic organizations. In addition, in the process of the flow and circulation of various factors of production, especially land, the government has constantly improved and revised the specific operation methods according to the actual situation, and explored and adopted various forms such as leasing and shareholding on the premise of protecting farmers' legitimate rights and interests, thus ensuring the orderly flow of factors of production, accelerating the pace of agricultural industrialization and promoting the rapid and healthy development of rural economy.