First, it is the urgent desire of tobacco farmers to strengthen the construction of waterway extension.
We went deep into rural farmers and farmland plots in Tao Wei, Dashiqiao, Dalupu and Baimangying. From what we have seen and heard, we generally reflect an urgent need: improving agricultural infrastructure, such as canals and roads. The farmer said, "We don't know how much cigarettes we lost and how much money we lost."
(1) The water storage and diversion project has been in disrepair for a long time and the water supply is insufficient.
According to the survey, there are more than 3,500 water storage and pumping projects in the county, such as reservoirs, mountain ponds, diversion dams and water turbine pumping stations. Most water storage and pumping facilities are in disrepair, and some are dangerous reservoirs. The total water supply is insufficient, and the water supply is difficult to guarantee. The total water supply is about1700,000 m3. Based on the water consumption of 800m3 per mu, the water supply per mu of farmland is only 625m3.
(2) Backward irrigation facilities and poor drainage and irrigation.
Irrigation in tobacco fields in Jianghua County is mostly soil canals left over from history, which are unplanned and unsystematic, miscellaneous, chaotic and poor, with weeds in the canals and serious siltation. Especially after the implementation of the responsibility system in rural areas, every household has its own array, some go out to work and do business, and some farm at home. Village groups rarely organize the masses to repair ditches and drain water, and the canals are seriously blocked, leaking and seeping, and the channel utilization coefficient is less than 0. The fertile land has become a waterlogged land.
(3) Backward tobacco and water facilities cause losses to tobacco farmers from time to time.
First, when it comes to drought, it is urgent. Due to the lack of farmland water conservancy infrastructure, insufficient water sources and poor irrigation conditions, in case of drought, there is no water in the tail water tobacco field. For example, in Luotian Village, Qiaoshi project area, the farmland is linked to the water release time, and the water is released for 40 minutes per mu of farmland in a limited time. Some farmland time has come but the water has not yet arrived; Yang Libin, Party Secretary of Dalupu Town, Shi Qiaocun, told us: "We are the tail water farmland in the new reservoir irrigation area of Chayuan. It's no use dying in case of drought. The flue-cured tobacco and seedlings are watching death, and the water supply is insufficient and the water supply is not smooth. "
Second, the flood disaster suffered heavy losses. People in Dashiqiao said, "The losses caused by floods are the biggest. Seeing the strong and shiny flue-cured tobacco, I thought there would be a good harvest this year. However, when a flood hit, I ran to the tobacco field and saw that the flue-cured tobacco was either washed down or flooded. The money I got turned into water and really bit his permanent tooth. "
(d) Cold-soaked fields and waterlogged fields need more labor and more worries.
When we investigated Dashanjiao Village in Baimangying Town and Anjia Village in Dashiqiao Township, we found that tobacco farmers planted cigarettes in cold-soaked fields, and some ridges were as high as 50-60 cm. They are not cultivating soil, but cultivating soil. We asked them why the base was so high, and they said: This kind of field has a high groundwater level, and it is impossible to get up without such a high mud temperature. This kind of field is in a low position, and the next rain will be submerged by thick smoke.
(5) Roads without mechanical farming can only be cultivated in the original way. Most tobacco fields in this county have no traffic roads, and fertilization and tobacco picking are carried on people's shoulders. Ridgers and cultivators have no way to cultivate, and some rely on people to carry machinery to the ground and then plow. Ridgers and cultivators have become "human machines", and farmers are angry again.
Second, the supporting project of tobacco and water has played an important role.
According to the above investigation, according to the supporting policies of tobacco field infrastructure issued by the State Bureau, in the past two years, tobacco production conditions have been improved through the implementation of tobacco and water supporting projects and comprehensive agricultural development projects, and tobacco farmers can safely grow cigarettes and have stable income. Tobacco farmers praised the supporting project of tobacco and water as "livelihood project" and "benefiting farmers project"
(A close relationship between the party and the masses, tobacco and water support is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
Through the construction of tobacco production infrastructure, the project area has sufficient water supply, smooth channels, convenient production and enhanced ability to resist natural disasters, creating a good tobacco production environment. The common people said, "This is the concern of the Party and the state for our tobacco farmers, and this is the livelihood project and the project of enriching the people that our tobacco farmers think, hope and are anxious about. Thanks to the party, the country, the tobacco construction office and the tobacco department for creating such good conditions for us. We will plant flue-cured tobacco and good tobacco next year. " The jingle compiled by tobacco farmers reads: "Smoke and water smoke roads, tobacco farmers are rich, and the party's care is in mind. Plant tobacco leaves and give them to the country. Don't forget to dig wells when drinking water. "
(2) The infrastructure of tobacco fields has been strengthened and the development of production has been guaranteed.
By building ponds and irrigation and drainage channels, the total water supply is increased, which is convenient for irrigation and drainage in tobacco fields, greatly improving the ability to resist natural disasters and ensuring tobacco production. For example, in the Batiandong project area of Tao Wei Town, a standard diversion dam was built by matching smoke and water, and a total of 45.8 kilometers of drainage and irrigation channels were built, highlighting the key points of the project; A large irrigation canal with a length of 4.5 kilometers was built; A large flood drainage channel with a length of 1.2km was built. At present, there are abundant water sources, convenient irrigation and smooth flood discharge, and there is no loss of flue-cured tobacco due to drought and flood. Huang Qifa, a tobacco farmer in Tao Wei County, contracted more than 200 mu of land on both sides of the flood discharge canal to plant flue-cured tobacco, with an annual income of more than 200,000 yuan. In the past, no one dared to grow this kind of tobacco for fear of flood losses.
(3) Improve production conditions and build a platform for increasing farmers' income.
Through the project construction, the project area has improved the production conditions and provided good conditions for the production, stable and high yield of tobacco leaves, rice and vegetables. The villagers in the project area managed the land scientifically and implemented a reasonable farming system, making a lot of money from the farmland. For example, in Dazujiao project area, only 268.4 mu of tobacco was planted before the implementation of the supporting project of tobacco and water, 388.5 mu of tobacco was planted after the implementation of the supporting project of tobacco and water, and flue-cured tobacco was planted 120. 1 mu. At present, tobacco-rice-vegetable rotation system is implemented in the project area, and flue-cured tobacco is planted in spring, rice is planted in summer sowing and vegetables are planted in winter, with an income of more than 5,000 yuan per mu. Now it's the smell of flue-cured tobacco in spring, golden rice waves in autumn, fresh vegetables in winter, and a bumper harvest all year round. The common people said, "It is difficult to grow cigarettes. Now that the production conditions are good, we need more kinds of cigarettes. Working can make money, and growing cigarettes and vegetables can also make money. "
Three, suggestions on strengthening the supporting project of tobacco and water
Tobacco field construction is the most concerned, direct and realistic problem for tobacco farmers. Through the implementation of the project, the big problem that tobacco farmers have been trying to solve for many years but can't do anything about it has been solved, and tobacco farmers applaud. However, some shortcomings were also found in the investigation, and the following suggestions were put forward according to the county situation in Jianghua County:
(a) the supporting project of smoke and water should be implemented all the year round. Flue-cured tobacco is a good industry and a stable channel for farmers to increase their income. Tobacco fields should be gradually standardized. Building a standard tobacco field is the national goal and the wish of tobacco farmers. It is difficult to complete the construction area of standard tobacco fields and meet the requirements of the five-year plan for tobacco production.
(2) It is suggested that tobacco field construction projects should be planned and approved early, so that grass-roots organizations can organize and implement early and tobacco farmers can benefit early. The matching of tobacco and water is a systematic project, involving farmers, villages, towns and departments. The county tobacco construction office and the county tobacco marketing department must organize and arrange according to the approved project.
(3) Suggest the higher authorities to reform the policy and planning of tobacco field construction. First, the project policy, the project plan should be relatively stable, and the optimization procedure should be simplified at the same time. Secondly, the project funds are less per mu, and the average investment per mu is only 1 10,000 yuan, and it also includes soil improvement and cowshed construction, so it is difficult to perfect the project, let alone standardize it.
(4) It is suggested that the construction of tobacco production infrastructure should increase the tractor-ploughed road project. The construction of tobacco fields is not perfect without roads.