1. What are the financing methods of township enterprises?
Based on the inherent weakness of farmers in China, at this stage, the financing methods available to farmers in China are very limited. It is difficult for ordinary farmers to obtain funds from outside their relatives and friends. Powerful farmers with large scale and wide business scope can obtain relevant project information through social relations and personnel of relevant government departments and participate in projects organized or coordinated by the government; Or establish a contractual relationship with the project execution unit or enterprise to participate in its business activities (such as participating in the industrialized business activities of leading enterprises). Specific financing methods are:
1. Direct financing: refers to the way that farmers borrow money directly from others or institutions. This financing method has a history of thousands of years, and it is also a relatively simple financing method that people are familiar with. The funds obtained in this way are easy for farmers to operate and achieve their goals.
2. Indirect financing: refers to farmers participating in productive projects to obtain funds (as well as technology, management experience and product market, etc.). ) engage in production activities and multiply family businesses. Strictly speaking, this is not an ordinary financing behavior, but a process of obtaining various benefits through production activities. However, from the perspective of economic reproduction of farmers, it can also be regarded as a special form of financing. It is foreseeable that the share of this form in farmers' financing will increase day by day in the future. Specific ways are:
(1) Participate in local government investment projects, such as poverty alleviation, development, production and operation, infrastructure construction, etc. However, this kind of projects are often arranged from top to bottom, and farmers are passively involved because of the limitation of region and production and operation content. Farmers obtain funds from the government, engage in production and business activities stipulated by the government, and provide labor services and land use rights;
(2) Local governments' participation in foreign loan projects, mainly poverty alleviation and development and productive management projects, has the same characteristics as government investment projects;
(3) Participate in productive business projects organized by government organizations, enterprises or enterprises themselves. Farmers get capital (as well as technology, management experience and product market, etc.). ) provide labor services and land use rights by engaging in production and business activities agreed by both parties. This way will enable farmers and enterprises to share interests and risks, that is, the so-called "industrial integrated management" model. In this way, farmers can connect with the big market, and enterprises can have a solid foundation for raw material production and human resources. This should be a realistic choice for rural development and agricultural modernization. However, for a long time to come, farmers will be in a passive and dependent position in this institution. With the fluctuation of the market price of enterprise products, the isomorphic chain will be tight and loose, but when the price of enterprise products is in an unfavorable position, the enterprise may destroy it first. It is necessary to formulate and follow the market rules of fair competition.
Legal basis:
Article 3 of the general rules for loans
The issuance and use of loans shall comply with national laws, administrative regulations and administrative regulations issued by the People's Bank of China, and follow the principles of efficiency, safety and liquidity.