(1) By source of funds. According to the source of funds, the types of government investment projects can be divided into: financial capital projects (all capital projects included in budget management including national debt), financial guarantee bank loan projects and international aid projects. Other funded projects are non-government investment projects, including state-owned enterprises, collective units, foreign investors and private investors. The state organs, institutions and organizations that implement budget management in China use both budgetary funds and extra-budgetary funds to perform their functions, which is the characteristic of China's financial funds (foreign financial funds only have budgetary funds). In addition, financial funds also include national debt, so it needs national financial repayment, which is equivalent to the future tax revenue of the country.
(2) According to the nature of the construction project. According to the nature of construction projects, government investment projects are divided into operating and non-operating categories. Commercial projects include ports, airports, power plants, water plants and facilities such as natural gas and public transportation. After completion, they have a long-term, sustained and stable income. The project itself has certain financing ability, and besides government investment, it can also absorb enterprises and foreign capital. For such operating government investment projects, the project legal person responsibility system is adopted. Legal persons are not only responsible for project planning, design, budget examination and approval, bidding and calibration, construction and implementation, but also for part of fund raising, investment control, production and operation management, loan repayment and asset preservation and appreciation.
Non-operating projects include investment and construction projects in the fields of culture, education, health, scientific research, party and government organs, politics and law, and social organizations. They serve social development and are invested and built by the government as a single subject. After the completion, it will be used by the relevant units for free, and it is difficult to generate direct returns. Obviously, this kind of project is not suitable for the management mode of project legal person responsibility system, and it is also different from the management mode of operating government investment projects. Right and wrong. It is a trend to carry out professional project management for government investment projects. The Decision on Investment System Reform issued by the State Council in July 2004 (Guo Fa [2004] No.20) clearly pointed out that for non-operating government investment projects, the "agent construction system" should be accelerated, that is, professional project management units should be selected to be responsible for the construction and implementation through bidding, and the project investment, quality and construction period should be strictly controlled and handed over to users after completion and acceptance.
legal ground
"Regulations on Government Investment" Article 3 Government investment funds shall be invested in public areas such as public welfare services, public infrastructure, agriculture and rural areas, ecological environmental protection, major scientific and technological progress, social management, national security, etc., and mainly non-operating projects.
The state shall improve relevant policies and measures, give play to the guiding and driving role of government investment funds, and encourage social funds to invest in the fields specified in the preceding paragraph.
The state establishes a regular evaluation and adjustment mechanism for the scope of government investment, and constantly optimizes the direction and structure of government investment.