In order to enhance the ability of banking financial institutions to resist fluctuations in the real estate market, prevent potential systemic financial risks caused by excessive concentration of real estate loans in the financial system, and improve the stability of banking financial institutions, the Notice on Establishing a Management System for Concentration of Real Estate Loans in Banking Financial Institutions (hereinafter referred to as the Notice) issued by the People's Bank of China and the China Banking Regulatory Commission sets two upper limits on the proportion of real estate loans and the proportion of individual housing loans, sets a transition period for banking financial institutions that exceed the upper limit, and establishes a regional differential adjustment mechanism.
However, loans related to housing lease are not included in the calculation of real estate loan ratio for the time being. The notice shall be implemented as of 20211.
"Two Upper Limits" of Real Estate Loans
The management system of real estate loan concentration refers to that the proportion of real estate loans and personal housing loans of Chinese-funded corporate banking financial institutions established in China should meet the management requirements stipulated by the People's Bank of China and the China Banking Regulatory Commission, that is, it should not be higher than the corresponding upper limit stipulated by the People's Bank of China and the China Banking Regulatory Commission.
The setting of this "upper limit" takes into account the types of banks, the current situation and future space of the existing real estate loan business, and is set in different grades.
The first file is large Chinese banks, including China Industrial and Commercial Bank, China Construction Bank, China Agricultural Bank, China Bank, China Development Bank, Bank of Communications and China Postal Savings Bank. The upper limit of real estate loans is 40%, and the upper limit of personal housing loans is 32.5%.
The second file is Chinese medium-sized banks, including China Merchants Bank, Agricultural Development Bank, Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, China CITIC Bank, Industrial Bank, China Minsheng Bank, China Everbright Bank, Huaxia Bank, Export-Import Bank, China Guangfa Bank, Ping An Bank, Bank of Beijing, Bank of Shanghai, Bank of Jiangsu, hengfeng bank, Zheshang Bank and Bohai Bank. The upper limit of real estate loans is 27.5%, and the upper limit of personal housing loans is 20%.
The third file is small banks and non-county agricultural cooperative institutions in China, including city commercial banks, private banks, large and medium-sized cities and urban agricultural cooperative institutions. The upper limit of real estate loans is 22.5%, and the upper limit of personal housing loans is 17.5%.
The fourth file is county-level rural cooperative institutions, with the upper limit of real estate loans accounting for 17.5% and individual housing loans accounting for 12.5%.
The fifth file is the village bank, with the upper limit of real estate loan 12.5% and personal housing loan of 7.5%.
At the same time, in order to reflect regional differences, the concentration management of real estate loans can be moderately flexible and set a transition period to ensure the smooth implementation of policies and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market and financial market.
According to the Notice, if the proportion of real estate loans and personal housing loans of banking financial institutions exceeds the management requirements by less than 2 percentage points from the end of June 5438 to February 2020, the transition period of business adjustment shall be 2 years from the date of implementation of this Notice; If it exceeds 2 percentage points or more, the transition period of business adjustment shall be 4 years from the date of implementation of this notice.
The average balance of real estate loans accounts for about 29%
For a long time, real estate loans have been regarded as high-quality assets by banks. Judging from the scale of loans invested by major banks in real estate, some banks may have touched the "red line".
The financial reports of listed banks show that by the end of June 2020, the balance of real estate loans of 36 listed banks reached 7.04 trillion yuan, an increase of 72,065,438+78 million yuan compared with the end of 20 19, with an increase of1.4%.
Xia Dan, a researcher at the Financial Research Center of Bank of Communications, believes that the Notice reflects the consideration of preventing risks and stabilizing the financial and real estate markets. For the real estate market, strengthening real estate financial supervision is a link to adhere to the principle of "housing and not speculating"; For the financial market, preventing the property market risk from being transmitted to the financial sector is conducive to the steady development of the financial system.
Wen Bin, chief researcher of China Minsheng Bank, said that internationally, the proportion of real estate loans is too high, or it rises too fast in a certain period, which is not conducive to the development of the real estate market itself, but also brings risks to the financial system. At present, China's real estate long-term mechanism construction has achieved remarkable results. The balance of real estate loans (including personal housing loans) accounts for about 29% of the total loan balance, but the proportion of some banking institutions is too high, far exceeding the average level. In order to further enhance the ability of financial services to the real economy, especially to increase support for key areas and weak links such as manufacturing, scientific and technological innovation, green finance and small and micro enterprises, establishing a centralized management system for real estate loans is conducive to optimizing the credit structure, the sustained and healthy development of the real estate market and the safe and stable operation of the financial system.
Text/Guangzhou Daily All-Media Reporter Lin Xiaoli