Question 1: What is the difference between credit assets and loan funds? Credit assets, also known as credit business or loan business, refer to the asset business formed by various loans issued by banks. The most important items in the asset business of commercial banks, such as credit loans, secured loans and mortgage loans. Or divided into short-term, medium-term and long-term loans according to time. Credit assets can be transferred, such as banks, investment companies, asset management companies, finance companies and other financial institutions, and unexpired credit assets can be transferred according to the agreement. Of course, credit assets can also be repurchased. Borrowing capital is borrowing capital, which is temporarily lent to professional capitalists, industrial capitalists and commercial capitalists to obtain interest. The difference from credit assets is that loan capital is temporarily lent out to obtain interest, and money is idle liquidity, such as the famous Wenzhou financing, which is loan capital. The use of loan capital separates the ownership and use right of capital. In layman's terms, money is in my hands, only ownership, and will not increase by itself. But when I lend to those enterprises or professional capitalists, I can only get interest, but when the money reaches those enterprises or professional capitalists, it will be fine. That's probably what it means.

Question 2: Introduction to Credit Assets Credit assets refer to the asset business formed by various loans issued by banks. Loan is a credit activity that lends monetary funds at a certain interest rate and within a certain period of time. It is the most important item in the asset business of commercial banks, accounting for the largest proportion in the asset business. According to the degree of protection (degree of risk), loans can be divided into credit loans, secured loans and mortgage (discount) loans. Credit loan refers to a loan issued by a bank that is completely mortgaged by customers. A secured loan is a loan issued by a bank with the dual reputation of customer guarantor. Mortgage loan (including discount) requires customers to provide a certain value of goods in kind or securities as a loan for mortgage. This standard division is beneficial for banks to strengthen loan security or management. When choosing the way to issue loans, banks should determine the loan object and the degree of loan risk. 201May 13, the executive meeting of the State Council decided to increase the pilot scale of credit asset securitization by 500 billion yuan, continue to improve the system, simplify procedures, and encourage one-time registration and independent installment issuance; Standardize information disclosure and support securitization products to be listed and traded on exchanges. On the basis of the pilot projects of credit asset pledge refinancing in Shandong and Guangdong in the early stage, the central bank decided to promote the pilot projects in 9 provinces (cities) such as Shanghai, Tianjin, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Beijing and Chongqing on June 20 15. According to the relevant person in charge of the central bank, this move is to implement the State Council's spirit of strengthening reform and innovation and supporting the real economy, and it is also the requirement of the 20 15 working conference of the People's Bank of China. The relevant person in charge of the central bank said that the branches of the People's Bank of China in the pilot areas of credit asset pledge refinancing conducted internal rating on some loan enterprises within the jurisdiction of mainland corporate financial institutions, and included the credit assets with qualified rating results into the acceptable range of collateral for refinancing.

Question 3: What are the bank credit businesses? There are many bank credit businesses, including corporate credit business and personal credit business. Among them, corporate credit business includes project loans, working capital loans, small business loans, real estate business loans and other personal credit floating businesses including personal housing loans, personal consumption loans and personal business loans. There are many varieties under these loans, and the conditions of each variety are different. If I want to go in and do credit business, I think I should start with a loan investigator and do other work after I have a positive experience. The main skills of loan investigators are as follows. In order of importance, the first is legal knowledge, especially civil and commercial legal knowledge. Credit personnel should be very familiar with contract law, guarantee law, real estate-related laws, civil procedure law and other legal knowledge. If you lend to professional departments, such as shipping companies, expressway enterprises and hospitals, you should also know the legal knowledge of related majors. The second item is financial accounting knowledge. You are not required to make accounts, but you must be able to read accounts. You can know whether to make false accounts through common sense analysis, and you can ask very professional questions. The third is writing ability. If you agree or disagree, you must write reasons to convince people.

Question 4: What is a credit business? In the five-level classification method of bank loans in China, a kind of loan that cannot fully repay the principal and interest of the loan, even if it is guaranteed, will certainly cause great losses, which is called a kind of concern credit business.

Question 5: What does credit mean? That is, a credit loan refers to a loan issued on the basis of the borrower's credit, and the payer does not need to provide a guarantee. Its characteristic is that the debtor can get a loan only by his own reputation without providing collateral or third-party guarantee, and the borrower's credit degree is cited as repayment guarantee. This kind of credit loan has long been the main loan method for banks in China. Because this kind of loan is risky, it is generally necessary to conduct a detailed investigation on the borrower's economic benefits, management level and development prospects in order to reduce the risk.

Question 6: What is the issuance of credit asset-backed securities? Did the bank loan flow into the stock market?

Enterprises can borrow money for stock trading.

Question 7: What are the five levels of credit assets in the five-level loan classification? What do they mean? Thank you for the normal performance of the contract and the normal repayment of principal and interest. There are no unfavorable factors affecting the timely and full repayment of loan principal and interest, and the bank is fully confident that the borrower can repay the loan principal and interest on time and in full. The probability of loan loss is 0.

Note that although the borrower has the ability to repay the loan principal and interest at present, there are some factors that may adversely affect the repayment. If these factors persist, the borrower's repayment ability will be affected and the probability of loan loss will not exceed 5%.

There are obvious problems in the repayment ability of subprime borrowers, and they can't repay the loan principal and interest in full by relying entirely on their normal operating income. They need to repay the interest by disposing of assets, external financing and even implementing mortgage guarantee. The probability of loan loss is 30%-50%.

The borrower of suspicious loan can't repay the loan principal and interest in full, even if mortgage or guarantee is implemented, it will certainly cause some losses, just because of the borrower's reorganization, merger, merger, mortgage disposal, pending litigation and other factors, the amount of loss is uncertain, and the probability of loan loss is between 50% and 75%.

Loss loan refers to the possibility that the borrower repays the principal and interest free of charge. No matter what measures and procedures are taken, the loan is bound to be lost, or even if a small part can be recovered, its value is minimal. From the bank's point of view, it is meaningless and necessary to keep it as a bank asset in the accounts. Such loans should be written off immediately after the necessary legal procedures are fulfilled, and the loan loss probability is 75%- 100%.

Question 8: What does the pledge of credit assets mean? The pledge of credit assets is to package the existing high-quality customers, and then pledge this package to other places and replace it with advanced ones.

Question 9: What does the pledge of credit assets mean? The so-called credit asset pledge refinancing means that banks can pledge their existing credit assets (that is, loans already issued) to the central bank to obtain new funds, which is essentially credit plus leverage. Many people think this explanation is quite official. To put it simply, when a commercial bank lends money, it gives the loan to the central bank, and when the central bank accepts these loans, the commercial bank will have a lot of cash. Of course, the central bank can set a standard to ease the continuous flow of funds to commercial banks. (The pilot project of credit asset pledge refinancing is conducive to enhancing the liquidity of credit assets. If you think that the explanation of credit assets pledge and refinancing is still profound, give an example to describe it vividly with numbers. For example, I can borrow 2 million yuan first, and then I can borrow 2 million yuan after mortgage, while the previous 2 million yuan can be mortgaged to the central bank, and the central bank will lend you 2 million yuan. Of course, you won't get 2 million yuan for the whole process, which requires a discount.

Question 10: What are the financial products of credit assets? The profit and loss issued by CCB are basically. Specific workers can find credit financing products and exclusive comments of all banks on the financial management page of the website.

What does it mean to refinance pledged credit assets?

Basic meaning

Credit assets pledge refinancing means that banks can pledge their existing credit assets (that is, loans already issued) to the central bank to obtain new funds, which is essentially credit plus leverage. Many people think this explanation is quite official. To put it simply, when a commercial bank lends money, it gives the loan to the central bank, and when the central bank accepts these loans, the commercial bank will have a lot of cash. Of course, the central bank can set a standard to ease the continuous flow of funds to commercial banks.

explain

I'll borrow 2 million yuan first, then 2 million yuan after mortgage, and the previous 2 million yuan can be mortgaged to the central bank, and the central bank will lend you 2 million yuan. Of course, you won't get 2 million yuan for the whole process, which requires a discount. It seems that there is quite a loan-to-loan transmission in it.

The central bank transfers the loan preference to commercial banks through the pledge of credit assets, and influences the market with the expected annualized interest rate of loans.

Five functions of credit assets pledge and refinancing

1. Make up for the gap in the base currency: Although the central bank keeps reducing the RRR, there are many different opinions after the RRR cut. There are too many stories hidden behind the central bank's unwillingness to reduce RRR again, and it is very necessary to pledge credit assets to refinance.

2. Carry out the direction control to the end. Commercial banks have been reluctant to lend to small and medium-sized enterprises, and now credit pledge business needs four processes: rating banks; Rating loan enterprises; Asset archiving and verification; Loan application and issuance.

3. Effectively reduce the financing cost of the real economy. If the pledge of central bank credit assets can become the financing cost of banks, it will reduce the expected annualized interest rate of loans to some extent.

4. As the newly-increased foreign exchange holdings continue to decrease, credit asset pledge and refinancing play a springboard role.

5. Mortgage of credit assets has played a role in adjusting the structure to a certain extent, which can provide differentiated incentives for financial institutions, but the increase of micro-control discretion of central bank branches may also bring new confusion to financial institutions.

What is credit assets and how to divide them?

With the promotion of the pilot project of credit assets pledge and refinancing, many friends are in a state of confusion and seem a little confused about some unique words. I believe that after careful combing, you should have a thorough state after reading them. Then let's introduce what is credit assets, what is credit assets, and how many types are there according to the risk degree of credit assets?

Before introducing credit assets, let's briefly introduce credit. I believe everyone is familiar, because when applying for a loan, many borrowers will ask for it first.

What is credit?

Simply put, credit is what we call a credit loan, which refers to a loan that the borrower issues without guarantee according to the borrower's personal credit.

It should be noted that credit loans have always been the way for banks to issue loans.

What is a credit asset?

Credit assets refer to the asset business formed by various loans issued by banks. Credit assets are also called credit business or loan business. In the asset business of commercial banks, credit accounts for a considerable proportion. Although this kind of assets is risky, the expected annualized expected return of assets is higher.

How many types of credit assets are classified according to their own risk?

Credit assets are classified according to their own risk degree, and loans can be divided into credit loans, secured loans and mortgage (discount) loans.

(1) A credit loan refers to a loan granted by a bank entirely by its customers without providing collateral.

(2) A secured loan is a loan granted by a bank with the enthusiasm of borrowing and the double credit of the guarantor.

(3) Mortgage loan (including discount) requires the borrower to provide commodity substances or securities with certain value as a loan for mortgage.