1, foreign debt refers to a country's debt to foreign countries. According to the definition of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, foreign debt is "including all liabilities that are obligated to repay non-local residents in foreign currency or local currency".

2. The net foreign debt is equal to the total foreign debt of a country, minus all the claims of residents to non-residents (i.e. overseas assets). The total foreign debt and net foreign debt reflect the accumulated foreign debt over the years, that is, the stock of foreign debt; The balance of payments capital account reflects the annual increase and decrease of foreign debt, that is, the flow of foreign debt.

Second, domestic debt.

1. Domestic debt refers to the debt that all kinds of debt subjects form for domestic investors by issuing bond certificates denominated in their own currencies or concluding specific contracts, also known as "domestic debt". In a broad sense, it usually refers to the debts formed by the central government and local governments, public organizations, enterprises and companies, banks and other financial institutions in their own countries in the form of issuing bonds or borrowing, leasing, deferred payment, etc.

2. In a narrow sense, it only refers to the debts formed by the above financing entities in the form of issuing bonds. The main purpose of government internal debt is to make up for the fiscal deficit or the temporary shortage of treasury funds, and it has increasingly become an important means for the government to regulate the economy.

Extended data:

National debt is a special form of debt, which has the following characteristics compared with the general creditor-debtor relationship:

1, from the subject of legal relationship.

The creditors of national debt can be citizens, legal persons or other organizations at home and abroad, or the government and international financial organizations of a certain country or region, while the debtors can only be countries.

2. From the nature of legal relationship.

The occurrence, change and elimination of the legal relationship of national debt mostly reflect the unilateral will of the state. Although the legal relationship of national debt is equal to other financial legal relationships, it shows a certain subordinate relationship compared with the general creditor-debtor relationship, which is more obvious in the legal relationship of domestic debt.

3. From the realization of legal relationship.

National debt is the creditor-debtor relationship with the highest credit rating and the best security.

4. From the debtor's point of view

National debt is voluntary, paid and flexible.

5. From the creditor's point of view

National debt has the characteristics of security, profitability and liquidity.

References:

Baidu foreign debt encyclopedia? Baidu encyclopedia of domestic debts