Pawnshop is a special financial enterprise that provides temporary loans to non-state-owned small and medium-sized enterprises and individuals by means of physical possession transfer. What are the risks?
Private lending business has greatly increased, and pawnshop business has exploded.
Sun Fengchi, general manager of Jinan Guo Xin Pawn Co., Ltd. said that from the second half of 20 10, some small and medium-sized enterprises began to suffer from the shortage of funds, and the small and medium-sized enterprises facing the shortage of funds were mainly concentrated in manufacturing, trade and real estate. "At present, SMEs that come to mortgage financing account for more than 90% of customers, and their personal business is less than 10%. Every day, I get many calls from the heads of small and medium-sized enterprises, many of whom are new customers. Last year, we have accumulated loans of 200 million yuan. " Sun Fengchi said that the booming business often makes him face the embarrassment of "no money in his hand". Some enterprises that are in urgent need of funds can only borrow money after paying back the money.
A person in charge of a company engaged in private lending in Qingdao said that at present, the capital demand of small and medium-sized enterprises including manufacturing, decoration and logistics is very tight, and many small and medium-sized enterprise owners hope to obtain funds through private lending. Compared with the same period last year, the fund business of the company increased by more than 150%.
Financing is difficult, orders are under pressure, and funds for small and medium-sized enterprises are tightening.
After the central bank raised the RMB deposit reserve ratio of deposit-taking financial institutions several times, the recent survey of the capital demand and financing environment of local small and medium-sized enterprises by Linyi Central Sub-branch of the People's Bank of China shows that small and medium-sized enterprises generally believe that with the decrease of new loan space of banks, the financing environment of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises, will be tightened, the financing difficulty will be further aggravated, and the borrowing cost of small and medium-sized enterprises will be further increased.
Zhang Jiacheng, general manager of Jinan Jiacheng Software Co., Ltd., which is mainly engaged in information engineering construction and software development, said that this year's new projects need to invest a lot of money, and there is no working capital in hand. This company is developing a technology suitable for multi-functional application of car navigation system, and it urgently needs 2 million yuan of start-up capital. Zhang Jiacheng once communicated with a number of banks to apply for a loan, but all banks refused his loan application because there was no fixed assets as collateral. "I have contacted a private lending company, and I am going to raise some funds from there for technology development." Zhang Jiacheng said.
Zhang, director of the Planning and Development Division of the Office of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Shandong Province, believes that this year is the first year of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. Coupled with the improvement of the market environment, the enthusiasm of enterprises to take orders is high, and the demand for funds is also greatly increased.
When the comprehensive interest rate of the month reaches about 2.4%, the high risk of pawn financing should be avoided.
The reporter learned that although it is relatively simple and convenient to obtain funds through pawn shops, the cost is also quite amazing. At present, the monthly comprehensive interest rate of some pawn shops in Jinan is around 2.4%. Based on this calculation, the loan amount of 654.38 million yuan will cost at least 2,400 yuan per month, which is not affordable for all small and medium-sized enterprises.
According to industry insiders, some long-term asset investment and speculative capital needs should not be financed through pawn. For example, some small and medium-sized enterprises are eager to start a business or expand, and want to use pawn funds to buy land, build factories and purchase equipment. In fact, this is not appropriate. It is unwise to speculate on stocks or real estate projects with pawn funds, which will eventually lead to redemption pressure. In addition, both private lending and pawnshop financing can only meet the emergency needs and cannot meet the needs of production and technology research and development.
Zhang Weiguo, director of the Economic Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Social Sciences, said that pawn financing should be one of the last resort measures for some small and medium-sized enterprises, because high cost is better than refusing orders. However, enterprises must consider many aspects. Once there are unpredictable business risks, it will bring more unstable factors to the development of enterprises.
Some experts also pointed out that small and medium-sized enterprises are in weak industries and are the weak links of the national economy. While reasonably reducing the scale of credit, we should implement the financial credit policy of "differentiated treatment, support and control", especially for small and medium-sized enterprises that are in line with the direction of industrial development and have growth, and play a window-oriented role.
According to related reports, in an interview, a pawn business person calculated an account for an unannounced reporter, and borrowed from a regular pawnshop with interest of 6,543.8+0,000 yuan, ranging from 250,000 to 300,000 yuan a year. However, if the regular customers you know through the pawnshop refinance, the maximum monthly interest can reach 3.5%, and the annual interest is about 300,000 to 350,000 yuan. Based on a property with an estimated value of about 4 million yuan, the property owner can earn a spread of nearly 200,000 yuan a year at most without investing his own working capital.
Practitioners even swear that the money released is guaranteed by collateral, and customers who intend to borrow money have known each other for many years and are very reliable. It is only because the pawnshop does not have enough funds that the customer is recommended to make a loan in this way, and he said that he has only had one dispute in business for more than ten years.
It is understood that this phenomenon is not a case in the industry when the pawn business was booming in previous years. "Some people make small loans, borrow money from pawn shops with real estate, and then continue to lend with money to earn the difference. Or the business staff of the pawnshop will match and introduce customer A to borrow money from the pawnshop, and then hand it over to customer B, so that the pawnshop can earn interest, customer A can earn the difference, and can also meet the urgent needs of customer B. Usually, this kind of' bridging' is carried out between regular customers. " An industry insider revealed.
However, this kind of financing method with pawn shops as the docking platform itself is suspected of violating the provisions of the "Pawn Management Measures" that "funds shall not be borrowed in disguise". Equally important, what if you don't pay? This is one of the biggest risk points in this mode of operation. "Even if there is a mortgage, even the formal pawnshop is becoming more and more cautious in lending, let alone introducing and wooing customers to finance and then lending. If the loan hits Shui Piao, the pawnshop will undoubtedly bear the corresponding responsibilities, which will not only have a reputation impact on the pawnshop, but also the actual disposal operation may encounter troubles, such as the order of compensation. " Informed sources pointed out.
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