Straight-through processing, straight-through processing system, STP for short, no trader platform;

Electronic communication network, electronic communication network mode, ECN for short, no trader platform;

No trading desk, no trading platform mode, NDD；; Abbreviation;

Dealer and single market maker model, referred to as DD or MM, with dealer platform;

Ordinary foreign exchange dealers are called MM, that is, market makers (with dealer platforms), that is, market makers or market makers. They make their own quotations at their own expense, all of which are hedging (betting), without exception.