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Which major is better in medicine? Is it about biology?
Nowadays, the number of medical physicists in biomedical engineering is on the rise, and the market shortage rate is extremely high. Of the six majors in this college, the future is the most limitless. But because he is a newly-opened major last year, many people don't know his direction and dare not enroll students, but what can be guaranteed is that the employment rate of four-year undergraduate courses is definitely the highest in this college. Now the atmosphere of the first session is excellent, and basically all aspects occupy the first place. So if you choose biomedical engineering, you must choose a medical physicist and graduate.

Perhaps many people will say that the major of imaging is good and it is the big brother. See how many people have applied for this major in recent years. This school has 100 students every year, and countless students in the whole society graduate from this major. The employment situation is not optimistic. On the other hand, the major of medical physicist has long been a popular major in the United States, and the treatment is comparable to that of doctors, and some are even higher than doctors. Of course, all this needs our own efforts. Medical physics is provided below.

Southern medical university biomedical engineering (direction of medical physics

) undergraduate course

Educational system: four years.

Degree awarded: Bachelor of Engineering.

Training goal: to train talents who are fully developed morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically.

The development of medical physics in China needs a broad vision and a solid foundation.

Biomedicine with strong ability, strong practical ability and innovative spirit

Engineering and technical personnel.

Main courses: advanced mathematics, college physics, electronic technology, C.

Language programming, microcomputer principle and interface technology, database

Theory and application, computer network, human anatomy, physiology,

Medical sensor, modern medical imaging equipment, medical image processing

, large medical equipment quality assurance, medical equipment, tumor radiation

Physics, medical imaging physics, etc.

Employment direction: in scientific research institutions, universities, enterprises and institutions.

Medical institutions are engaged in the research, teaching and development of medical physics.

Development and management work, but also to study for a master's degree in this discipline or related disciplines.

Degree.

Highest degree that can be awarded: doctor.

Biomedical engineering (medical physicist)

Medical physicists are oncologists.

An indispensable and important member in treatment.

Medical physicists cooperate with clinicians to locate tumors.

Radiation oncology, medical imaging

(medical imaging), nuclear medicine (nuclear

Medical) and other non-ionizing radiation such as ultrasound and nuclear magnetism.

Vibration, laser and other fields, engaged in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Scientific and technological support, teaching and research, especially in diagnosis and treatment.

Development and application of new technologies, quality assurance and quality control

(QC), health care physics and radiation protection play an extremely important role.

Important role.

In developed countries, medical physicists have long been medical institutions.

Important position. Students who graduated from medical physics can also do it.

Compound talents familiar with physics and medicine. employment population

From the point of view of medical physicists, medical instruments and equipment work in clinic.

The staff in the pharmaceutical industry will be employed by students majoring in medical physics.

Major areas.

CT, radiotherapy, nuclear magnetic resonance ... these well-known terms,

All belong to the category of medical physics. China was held in Beijing a few days ago.

At the first academic report of the Committee of Medical Physics of the Physical Society

Experts suggest that China should set up a medical physicist profession as soon as possible.

Post, vigorously develop medical physics, change the current medical physics.

Learning is not taken seriously, medical physicists and medical physics research talents.

Serious shortage, high-precision medical equipment depends on imports.

Medical physics is to apply the principles and methods of physics to

The interdisciplinary subject of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and health care of human diseases.

Including medical imaging physics, nuclear medicine physics and radiotherapy physics.

And the application of ultrasound, microwave, radio frequency and laser in medicine.

For half a century, medical physics has been developed in developed countries such as Britain and America.

The exhibition has developed rapidly, and many universities have medical physics majors, every million.

The number of TCM physicists in the population has reached 13.

"Many small and medium-sized countries in Asia have this subject and medical information.

Teacher management system, while China with a population of 654.38+300 million does not. "China.

Professor Zhao Nanming, Chairman of the Professional Committee of Medical Physics of Science Society

Introduction, "Because there is no such post and system, you can't suck."

Attract more talents to work in this field. "

According to statistics, at present, every million people in our country have medical physics.

There are less than 0.8 workers. "According to the estimation of the population of China,

More than 1000 medical physicists will be needed in the future. "Professor Zhao Nanming said.

The shortage of medical physicists makes some modern medical equipment unusable.

To use it correctly and fully, some patients cannot get accurate and effective treatment.

Diagnosis and treatment, even unnecessary radiation damage and other medical injuries.

.

China spends a lot of foreign exchange imports and medical physics every year.

Closed medical equipment affects the research of independent high-precision medical equipment.

Send. "Introduction alone is not enough, China should speed up proton therapy.

Research on independent innovation of equipment. "Engaged in proton therapy for a long time.

Physicist of high energy accelerator, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Academician Fang Shouxian said.

In March 2004, the 22nd1Xiangshan Science Conference strongly appealed.

Establish the discipline of medical physics as soon as possible and set up the professional post of medical physicist.

A little.

In recent years, Tsinghua University, Peking University and Wuhan University have adopted.

And Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics have successively set up medical physics.

A new discipline or major.

After more than a year of preparation, the Chinese Physical Society, the Medical Physics Society

The professional Committee was established in Tsinghua University in September this year, bringing together

Tsinghua, Peking University, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Academy of Medical Sciences.

Cancer hospital and other dozens of institutions of higher learning, research institutes and well-known hospitals.

An expert.

What is a medical physicist?

Role and responsibility of medical physicists in tumor radiotherapy

Medical physicists are indispensable in tumor radiotherapy.

Important member. Especially with the development of tumor radiotherapy equipment in recent years.

And the rapid development of technology, physicists are ensuring radiation safety.

High level of treatment technology, providing quality services for patients, etc.

Play an increasingly important role [1]. In European and American national hospitals

Physicists are a long-standing profession in the department of tumor radiotherapy in our hospital.

Historically, the number of people engaged in the physicist profession is also due to equipment and precision.

It is true that the development of radiotherapy technology is increasing, and at the same time, it is also responsible.

It's getting heavier.

In tumor radiotherapy, radiation oncologists undoubtedly

Will be responsible for the whole radiotherapy process, based on this role

His or her responsibility is to determine a suitable person who is qualified for the job.

Physics team, in which different people (including physics

The responsibilities of departments, dosimeters or other personnel are clearly defined.

Without adequate physical support, it is impossible to provide patients with high standards.

Treatment and service [2]. Physicists must lead the physics group.

The job is to correspond all the body data and processes for patients.

Responsibility, regardless of whether these processes are directly implemented by physicists themselves.

Every radiotherapy department needs to constantly improve itself.

The level of treatment means that new treatment methods need to be constantly introduced.

Techniques and means, while selectively retaining the original treatment items.

. In this process, physicists played an important role.

For example, in recent 30 years, the development of accelerator technology, CT imaging,

Three-dimensional treatment planning, conformal and dynamic treatment, remote afterloading and short distance treatment.

New technologies such as ionizing radiation, intensity modulated radiation therapy and stereotactic therapy.

The successive appearance and development of art [3] constantly changes physics.

Work contents and responsibilities of the Division. Because every clinical hospital

Tumor radiology department has different treatment equipment and water.

Ping He has different projects, so he works in different hospitals.

The specific work and responsibilities of physicists in schools are also different. exist

Tumor radiotherapy department with the most advanced radiotherapy equipment

The specific tasks of a physicist's profession usually include the following.

Aspects.

1. Work on radiotherapy equipment

Modern radiotherapy equipment includes long-distance irradiation equipment and short-distance irradiation equipment.

From irradiation equipment and simulators, etc. Considering the rapid development of radiotherapy equipment

Rapid development, targeted diseases and relatively expensive prices and materials.

The manager has the responsibility to purchase radiotherapy equipment for the unit.

The choice of cost performance depends on how to deal with it.

Objective to put forward my own suggestions and put forward that the equipment of the manufacturer needs to meet the requirements

Indicators and conditions. This requires not only physicists to keep up with the latest.

Radiotherapy technology, but also to clarify various technologies and means.

The application scope and limitations of these technologies, as well as the realization process of these technologies.

Understand complexity.

The installation of radiotherapy equipment is generally completed by the manufacturer.

Yes, but the acceptance test of equipment and the measurement of machine data are both.

This is the job of medical physicists. It can be used in all radiotherapy equipment.

List the formal acceptance inspection items, and its guiding principle is for patients.

Any user's equipment must be tested to ensure that it meets the use requirements.

Summarize safety standards. For example, for linear accelerators, it is necessary to do so.

Detection of the following aspects: radiation protection measurement, independent collimator

Symmetry check, whether the central axis of each part is consistent, and whether the frame and

Influence of nose rotation on the position of isocenter and X-ray energy

Measurement of quantity, field flatness and field symmetry [4], electron

Detection and monitoring of line energy, field flatness and field symmetry

Test the stability and linearity of the ionization chamber. Each project

Testing has different contents, steps and indicators, which can be listed in tables.

The grid form is completed one by one.

Some radiotherapy equipment that has passed the acceptance can be turned on directly.

Clinical use, but some can not be used directly, need.

Get more data, such as the clinical use of linear accelerator.

Previously, the treatment planning system had to be measured by scales [4]

All beam parameters and machine parameters required by the system are input.

Enter the treatment planning system and then check the treatment planning system.

Whether the calculated dose distribution is consistent with the actual measurement results, these

This is all the work of physicists. Machine capabilities authorized by physicists

It's used to treat patients.

Quality assurance (QA) of radiotherapy equipment is a clinical practice.

Necessary conditions for institutions to carry out high-quality radiotherapy services [2].

Every radiotherapy equipment needs to have quality assurance every day.

Production capacity, quality assurance content that should be done every month, and content that should be done every year.

Quality assurance content, and listed in the file, in chronological order.

The platoon will implement them one by one. Some routine quality assurance task may

By physicists or dosimeters, but

Physicists must establish the content items and steps of quality assurance, involving

Guide the whole process and check the final result.

2. The work of radiotherapy plan

Firstly, the hardware and software of radiotherapy planning system are tested.

Inspection, data measurement, daily system and data maintenance are all needed.

Physicists are required to complete [5][6]. Inspection content of hardware system

Includes checking the accuracy and linearity of digital input and output devices.

; The test of the software system is to select a series of treatment conditions,

Under these conditions, the accuracy of comparison between calculated data and measured data is checked.

Accuracy, such as various calculations and measurements that can be made in a three-dimensional water tank.

Comparison of data. Another important aspect is the treatment plan.

Test various algorithms in the system, such as their accuracy,

Limitations and characteristics, etc. The duties of medical physicists are

Ensure that the treatment planning system can be used correctly.

Secondly, the radiotherapy planning process must require a physicist.

Participate. Although the patient's treatment plan is provided by radiation oncologists

Take overall responsibility, but the specific treatment plan is studied by radiation oncology.

The teacher and the physicist finished it together, because Xu was in the process of treatment planning.

The design and optimization of multiple schemes involve complex physical concepts. ordinary

The model is as follows: ① The radiation oncologist decides according to the patient's condition.

Decide whether to do CT or MR, or both, and decide

Positioning mode and positioning point of CT simulation; (2) physicists will CT images

Input the data and MR image data into the treatment planning system; (3) if there is.

For MR image data, physicists first fuse CT images and MR images.

Close, and then on the CT image, the outer contour of important organs and wheels are carried out.

Outline; (4) Radiation oncologists delineate the target area, and physicists.

This paper discusses how to set and draw the field of view in DRR images.

The shape of the stop, when physicists understand the doctor's treatment plan,

, considering the actual material conditions and equipment conditions, put forward their own

Suggestions; ⑤ Physicists constantly set parameters and calculate doses.

Improve the optimization plan and realize the doctor's treatment as much as possible.

Scheme; Finally, the doctor decides whether the treatment plan is acceptable.

And sign the medical record for approval. During the whole process, the tumor was irradiated.

Physicians and physicists should work closely together. In many treatments,

Treatment center, the general treatment plan is completed by dosimeter, the same as.

Samples need to follow the above steps, and physicists mainly supervise and refer to them.

When it comes to complex treatment plans, the role of guidance is determined by the content.

The manager will finish it.

In addition, physicists have an important task, that is

It is the quality assurance of the treatment plan. All the treatment plans have passed.

After the doctor approves, on the one hand, it needs to be exported to the control treatment equipment.

On the other hand, in order to control the actual treatment process, it is necessary to

To output to the patient's medical record, both outputs are required.

Very accurate, physicists need to check everything,

Ensure the number of planned outputs, control outputs and patient medical records.

The basis is consistent; In addition, because radiotherapy is generally staged.

Treatment, to check whether each treatment is carried out as planned.

Therapists need to fill in the daily treatment according to the form, such as

Date, actual dose output during each on-site treatment, etc. , and

Physicists check these records every other week or so and find problems.

Correct it in time. In order not to make mistakes as much as possible, the above inspection generally needs

Two physicists will examine it carefully.

If the patient's treatment plan is intensity modulated radiation therapy

Plan (IMRT), then it needs special quality assurance.

The process of authentication. Each radiotherapy department can according to its own equipment

Conditions for formulating IMRT quality assurance content. For example, for IMRT

Treatment plan can be applied to solid water.

In the phantom, the equivalent of each field in the phantom is calculated.

Dose distribution; At the same time, each field is actually measured with Mapcheck.

Equivalent to a dose distribution, in which each field consists of dozens or even hundreds.

Sub-field composition Compare the calculated value with the measured value, and if

If the dose error at 80% point is less than 5%, the plan is

It can pass, and the next treatment can be carried out. Or use a small empty space.

The absolute dose at a certain point was measured by a cavity ionization chamber and measured by EDR2 film.

Measure the isodose distribution of a plane and compare it with the calculated results.

. If the radiotherapy department has two different manufacturers,

IMRT treatment planning system can be verified by so-called mixed planning.

Methods of quality assurance. The specific way is to produce a system.

The IMRT plan is applied to a phantom of solid water and calculated.

The equal dose distribution of each field in the phantom is obtained. meanwhile

In another treatment planning system, the same beam conditions are used.

Calculate the dose distribution in the solid water model and compare the two systems.

The difference between the calculated results and the isocentric dose calculation results should be less than

5%。 This method is similar to quality assurance verification using an independent dose calculation system.

The method is similar.

3. Training and research work

Due to the complexity and rapid development of radiotherapy technology itself

Exhibition, each radiotherapy department not only requires one to meet.

Physicists carry out clinical tasks and continuously train their personnel.

Training is also important. These trainings include not only routine clinical training.

Practice also includes the gradual mastery of new technologies and new therapies.

Take it. First of all, for people who have entered the field of medical physics and are engaged in physicists.

As a staff member, you must have a reasonable clinical training time.

We must be familiar with many practical operations in clinical work.

Process; Second, a new treatment method was introduced into the hospital.

Radiotherapy, such as whole body irradiation, electron beam irradiation, three-dimensional conformal

Conformal radiotherapy, intensity modulated radiotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy.

Low energy source implantable internal irradiation, high dose rate internal irradiation, etc.

For physicists, on the one hand, it is necessary to master the treatment technology itself,

On the other hand, you need to know the processing equipment to carry out this processing technology.

And the corresponding operating procedures and quality are formulated for the processing equipment.

Ensure the plan and give full play to various functions of the equipment. So,

The vocational training of medical physicists should be a long-term continuing education.

Education and self-training process. Thereby ensuring that the processing equipment

In good working condition, provide patients with maximum diagnosis and treatment.

Good technical support. In addition, physicists are also responsible for training their own units.

The responsibilities of dosimeters and therapists in physical knowledge.

All kinds of high-tech, cutting-edge and cutting-edge technologies developed rapidly in modern society.

Surgery also focuses on the development and application of modern radiotherapy equipment.

Use, such as electronic technology, precision instruments, computer networks, maps.

Image processing, automatic control technology and so on. Improved radiotherapy

In the development of processing technology and new processing equipment, especially in

Medical physicists play an important role in their design and clinical application.

Played an important role. It involves all aspects of medical physics.

Research work is the source to promote the continuous development of radiotherapy technology.

The improvement of radiotherapy technology itself is also a medical physicist.

One of the responsibilities. Physical support staff in tumor radiotherapy

Not every item needs to be done by physicists themselves, but one of them is

Some specific technical work can be done by dosimeters and promoted by physicists.

Line inspection. So physicists can have time to do some research.

Research work, improve the level of treatment technology, and develop new treatment hands.

Duan.

The perspective of each medical physicist in tumor radiotherapy

Skin color and sense of responsibility depend largely on the radiotherapy he or she receives.

Equipment types and treatment items in the treatment department,

At the same time, it is also related to the number of physicists in the department.

Some physicists have to undertake some teaching and management tasks because

This is difficult to generalize in detail. But they all have the same goal.

Assist oncologists to prescribe dosage correctly and effectively.

Hit the target area of the lesion, improve and develop clinical treatment techniques, and get into trouble.

Provide high standards of treatment services.