1. Economic globalization has accelerated the free flow of various factors of production, especially capital, and provided conditions for countries to make full use of the global unified market and optimize the allocation of resources.
Due to historical reasons, most developing countries started late and faced the problem of insufficient funds. Because the domestic market of developed countries is saturated, it is urgent to find a way out for excess funds. Economic globalization has provided favorable conditions and effectively promoted the economic development of developing countries. According to statistics, since 1993, China has been the developing country that has absorbed the most foreign capital for seven consecutive years. In 2004, the contractual utilization of foreign capital in China was $654.38 billion+$053.479 billion. In 2005, China attracted 72.4 billion US dollars of foreign investment, ranking third in the world, second only to Britain and the United States, which greatly solved the capital bottleneck in China's economic development. Experts even think that from 2006 to 2065.438+00, China may attract 654.38+00 billion dollars of foreign investment every year. In addition, economists at home and abroad have also proved the important role of funds brought by economic globalization in China's economic development through empirical analysis. Norton, an economist, points out that it is with the help of a steady stream of foreign investment that China has established a huge export-oriented manufacturing industry. It is this department that has played a very important role in China's foreign trade expansion and enterprise system innovation. [ 1]
In recent years, the shortage of domestic resources in China has become more and more serious. Except coal, most of the bulk minerals that are vital to the national economy can no longer meet the needs of national economic development. The serious resource bottleneck urgently requires China to make full use of the world resources. Economic globalization enables China to make up the gap between supply and demand of domestic resources through foreign resources, and realize the maximum optimal allocation of resources by participating in the international division of labor.
2. Economic globalization is conducive to the sustained growth of China's import and export and the improvement of its product structure.
Import and export is a powerful driving force for a country's economic development, especially export, which is called one of the "Troika" to promote China's economic development. In the last year of 2004, China's total export volume surpassed that of Japan. According to the latest Global Trade Report released by the World Trade Organization (WTO), the total export volume of China in 2006 was 969 billion US dollars, ranking third in the world. According to the latest research achievement "Quantitative Analysis of the Contribution of Foreign Trade to Economic Growth" by Wu Zhenyu and others from the Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics of China Academy of Social Sciences, since 1997, the average contribution rate of China's exports to GDP is about 14%, and the contribution rate of imports to GDP is about 10%.
The change of China's export ranking in the world is not only a change in quantity, but also a significant change in quality. In the early days of opening to the outside world, China's export products were mainly primary products, accounting for more than 50% of the total export, but by 2004, this figure had dropped to 8%. The proportion of manufactured goods in total exports is rising, reaching more than 92% in 2005. This change in export structure shows that the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing products is increasing, and China has become one of the world's manufacturing centers and the most important processing center in the world.
3. Economic globalization has accelerated domestic and international competition, brought advanced corporate culture and management experience, and is conducive to the development and growth of Chinese enterprises, opening the way for enterprises to implement the "going out" strategy.
Competition promotes survival of the fittest and accelerates the growth of enterprises. Under the influence of economic globalization, China enterprises constantly learn from foreign experience and combine their own characteristics to improve their financial management system. Economic globalization has triggered the reference, thinking and innovation of domestic enterprises in human resource management, which has continuously improved China and quality of enterprise. Driven by economic globalization, Haier, TCL and other large enterprises are developing into transnational operations. The development of domestic multinational enterprises has improved China's comprehensive economic strength and created considerable foreign exchange income.
4. Economic globalization produces technology spillover effect, which is beneficial to the development of science and technology in China, thus creating impetus for economic growth.
Economic globalization has brought a large number of multinational companies into China, and in the process of Sino-foreign cooperation, technology spillover effects have been realized through formal forms such as Sino-foreign joint ventures, technology transfer agreements and localization. Other informal forms brought by economic globalization, such as staff training, technical personnel flow, product imitation, etc., have also greatly promoted the overall strength of scientific and technological personnel in China. Some scholars even put forward the concept of technological globalization. The globalization of science and technology itself is the product of the development of economic globalization to a certain stage, and it is an important part of economic globalization. The development level of a country's economy depends not only on its own supply of scientific and technological knowledge, but also on the supply of scientific and technological knowledge all over the world. The spillover effect of worldwide R&D can also enable developing countries to share part of the benefits of technological globalization. Some developing countries, especially China, are more likely to narrow the technological gap with developed countries by actively participating in the process of technological globalization.
5. Economic globalization provides opportunities for perfecting the socialist market economic system.
Economic globalization itself is the result of market economy. Although China's market economy has gone through more than 20 years, there are still many imperfections. Under the background of economic globalization, especially after China's accession to the WTO, the domestic market has been further opened and local protectionism has been more effectively controlled. The function of the government is to change from direct intervention in microeconomics to creating a good macro-environment and an effective market. Domestic competition policies have been further affirmed, fair market access has been implemented more effectively, market information has been released more effectively, and domestic competition rules have been further integrated with international standards.
6. Economic globalization has promoted financial globalization, greatly improved the efficiency of the world financial market, and promoted the effective allocation of resources and the deepening of China's financial system.
The entry of foreign financial institutions will also promote the quality of China's entire financial system. The process of China's financial reform will also be accelerated with the opening up, and China's financial industry will gain an independent and good development environment more quickly. At the same time, economic globalization has driven the increasing demand for trust, and the domestic financial supervision system has been further improved.
Second, the negative impact of economic globalization
1. Economic globalization has challenged China's economic and technological security.
Economic globalization in today's world is dominated by developed countries, while developing countries are in a relatively passive position and must abide by existing international treaties, agreements and practices. At the same time, in order to obtain the benefits brought by economic globalization, developing countries are sometimes even forced to make some concessions to their economic management authority, which directly leads to the control of economic activities in developing countries by developed countries. With the rapid increase of foreign direct investment, financial capital is further internationalized. The international financial market based on information technology enables the rapid transfer of capital from one place to another. Our country is a little careless, and the original financial system is not perfect, which will greatly threaten financial security. Sometimes the crisis of a financial institution or country will trigger a chain reaction of the whole global financial system, trigger a terrible financial storm, and indirectly lead to economic turmoil in China. The Asian financial crisis is a good example.
Environment is an important negative factor for sustainable economic development. "Growth without development" is a very common phenomenon in developing countries in economic globalization. Multinational companies or foreign-funded enterprises in many developed countries have moved highly polluting industries to China, which has directly affected the ecological environment in China. If we blindly pursue high growth and ignore the environment, it will pose a serious threat to the sustainable development of China's economy.
At the same time of economic globalization, due to the low level of scientific and technological development in China, it is necessary to strengthen scientific and technological security, actively follow up foreign advanced science and technology, and keep China's major scientific and technological secrets. Although science has no national boundaries, the benefits brought by the technological gap have national boundaries. At present, with the transformation of government functions, China's national science and technology secret management system is also changing. Scientific and technological secrets are facing the double challenges of opening to the outside world and the transformation of government management system, and their complexity and difficulty are unprecedented.
2. Impact on human resources in China.
Economic globalization has intensified competition. Enterprises in developed countries have advanced experience in human resource management, and after they came to China, they mostly adopted the strategy of "localization" in order to quickly open the market or consolidate their existing position. An important aspect of this "localization" strategy is the localization of talents. The direct consequence of this phenomenon is to rob a large number of outstanding talents.
3. Economic globalization has increased economic friction to a certain extent, which may have a negative impact on state relations.
According to international experience, a country, whether it is a developing country or a developed country, will often encounter more international economic frictions in the process of integrating into economic globalization, economic rise and rapid export growth. For example, the textile and clothing trade war between the United States and Japan lasted from the 1960s to the early 1990s. The steel trade war began in the mid-1960s. The color TV trade war lasted from the late 1960s to the early 1980s. The machine tool trade war lasted from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. The automobile trade war lasted from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s. The semiconductor trade war lasted from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s ... In recent years, due to the large trade surplus, China has also been retaliated, and economic and trade frictions have continued. Sometimes, trade frictions may escalate and affect state relations. How to face the increasingly frequent economic frictions between China and foreign countries and prevent the expansion of trade frictions has become a major challenge for China in economic globalization.
Third, China's countermeasures
1. Economic globalization has become an irreversible trend, and its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. China should actively integrate into the process of economic globalization.
There is an anti-economic globalization trend in the world today, which holds that economic globalization is a new exploitation of developing countries by developed countries. There are also corresponding anti-economic globalization remarks in China. However, looking at the experience of Japan, South Korea and other countries that are growing rapidly on the basis of export orientation, a country can continue to grow and develop only if it dares to face economic globalization. When China and India first started modernization, their poverty levels were similar. Until the 1970s, their economic and social development levels were very similar. But since then, India has been left far behind by China. Amatia? Sen (an Indian economist) believes that the main reason is that China has formulated an opening-up policy that suits its national conditions economically, keeping pace with the trend of globalization. History shows the future. China's peaceful rise in the past benefited from economic globalization. Only by continuing to integrate into globalization can China keep moving forward.
2, the implementation of two-way opening, combining "bringing in" and "going out"
As far as the strategy of "bringing in" is concerned, China should continue to introduce foreign capital reasonably and effectively, which will greatly enhance China's comprehensive international competitiveness and provide a strong material foundation for national economic security. However, we should also be soberly aware that while promoting China's economic development, foreign capital has also gained China's resources and partial control rights. If the national policy does not restrict some foreign investment, foreign investment will easily form a monopoly, which will affect or even threaten the national economic security. Policy and tax incentives are necessary conditions to attract foreign investment, and too many preferential policies will lead to obvious market distortion and rent-seeking, which is not conducive to fair competition between domestic and foreign-funded enterprises. China has joined the WTO. After several years of drastic adjustment, there are still some problems and defects in foreign investment policies, and some foreign investment policies are still inconsistent with WTO rules, especially the ineffective protection of intellectual property rights, which has seriously affected the introduction of foreign investment. Therefore, China should continue to speed up the revision of domestic and foreign investment legislation in accordance with the principle of liberalization, eliminate the black-box operation that still exists, and ensure the transparency of foreign investment policy formulation and implementation. At the same time, China should also strengthen the supervision of foreign investment activities, improve tax policies, strengthen tax management of foreign-funded enterprises, and prevent tax loss.
As far as the "going out" strategy is concerned, government departments should provide quality services for enterprises to implement the "going out" strategy, simplify the examination and approval procedures as much as possible, continue to sign bilateral investment protection agreements with other countries, avoid double taxation agreements, and reduce the policy risks and costs of domestic enterprises' foreign investment. Domestic enterprises should further establish the concept of global operation. At present, the position of China's economy in the world is still "a big manufacturing country and a small brand country". Therefore, enterprises should constantly improve their brand awareness and enhance the popularity of China products. Domestic enterprises should also apply for international certification and the certification of the trade target country, so as to obtain the pass to enter the international market, thus avoiding technical barriers to trade, strengthening the collection and research of technical regulations, standards and inspection and certification systems of countries and international organizations in the competition, absorbing the contents related to the export commodities of enterprises, formulating their own product standards, and organizing production in strict accordance with the standards. Only in this way can our products penetrate each other's technical barriers.
3. Our government should greatly increase investment in education and scientific research, implement preferential policies for the introduction and training of enterprise management talents, build a platform for talent development, and provide a good environment for enterprises.
Enterprises should constantly improve their internal material benefits such as wages, bonuses and benefits, retain key talents with fair and reasonable salaries and perfect generous benefits, improve the enthusiasm of employees, focus on shaping the corporate culture atmosphere of attracting and retaining talents, create a relaxed environment that can make people feel comfortable and help stimulate and release their innovation ability, enhance the feelings, sense of ownership and sense of accomplishment and teamwork spirit of enterprise personnel, strengthen the cultivation of transnational talents, and attach importance to people-oriented human resource management. In addition to strengthening personnel training, enterprises should also devote themselves to developing and perfecting the unique personnel training mechanism and form a mechanism to improve lifelong learning and eternal growth ability. Multinational enterprises should make use of foreign local talent resources and implement a strategic measure commonly adopted by western countries-personnel localization, so as to continuously enhance their own strength.
4. China should gradually open its securities market and actively realize free convertibility under RMB capital account; Strengthen the supervision of short-term international hot money, levy punitive taxes on international hot money that quickly enters and exits China's capital market, encourage long-term investment, strengthen the responsibility system of commercial banks for lending, expand domestic demand and cultivate the domestic market; Encourage banks to implement mixed operation to further reduce financial risks; Strengthen regional monetary cooperation and enhance the ability to cope with large-scale financial crises.
5. Economic globalization requires the government to constantly change its functions and improve its macroeconomic regulation and control ability.
The government should develop towards a clean government, a transparent government, an efficient government, a responsible government and a government ruled by law. Central and local governments at all levels should actively promote government reform and innovation, improve the government management system and methods, change the ruling concept and style, further reduce the power of administrative examination and approval, and establish a power supervision and restriction mechanism. The government must also improve the information disclosure system, establish e-government, realize online office, and further promote the openness of government affairs.