Gross National Product (GNP) refers to the final result of the initial income distribution of all resident agencies in a country (or region) within a certain period (year or quarter). It is the final product value produced by the production factors owned by a country, and it is a national concept. GNP is composed of the first letters of three English words: gross, that is, gross and total national, that is, national; Product, the output value, is translated into "gross national product" in Chinese. In other words, the GNP of the mainland in one year is the sum of the value created by all the people in the mainland in this year, including the value created by China people themselves and foreign-funded enterprises in China.
Foreign exchange reserves, also known as foreign exchange reserves, refer to foreign exchange assets held by central banks and other government agencies to meet the needs of international payment.
The specific forms of foreign exchange reserves include: short-term government deposits abroad or other means of payment that can be cashed abroad, such as foreign securities, checks, promissory notes, foreign currency drafts of foreign banks, etc. It is mainly used to pay off the balance of payments deficit, intervene in the foreign exchange market and maintain the exchange rate of the domestic currency.