First, it is equivalent to the form of direct credit.
(1) general debt guarantee
General debt guarantee mainly refers to the letter of guarantee issued for international financing business, including loan guarantee and overdraft guarantee.
Length loan guarantee refers to the debt service guarantee issued by the bank to the lender at the request of the borrower in international lending activities. If the borrower fails to repay the principal and interest to the lender on time, the bank has the obligation to compensate.
2. Overdraft guarantee refers to a bank guarantee issued by a bank for an overseas institution with a domestic legal person to apply for opening an overdraft account in a local bank, so as to ensure that the applicant can make up the overdraft amount in time according to the provisions of the overdraft contract. If the applicant fails to make up the overdraft on time, the bank that issued the overdraft guarantee has the obligation to make up the overdraft on his behalf.
(2) Acceptance of usance bills and endorsements with the nature of acceptance.
1. Acceptance of forward bills means that the bank, as the acceptor of bills, assumes the payment responsibility for bills after completing the acceptance behavior, that is, after becoming the main debtor of bills.
2. Acceptance endorsement refers to the endorsement of bills without recourse by banks. As an endorser, a bank is responsible for the bill payment of the endorsee.
Two. Contingent items under a specific transaction
Contingencies under specific transactions include: bid guarantee, performance guarantee, advance payment guarantee, retention guarantee and warrants.
(a) the bid bond refers to the written guarantee issued by the guarantee bank to the tenderer at the request of the bidder when the project is tendered. If the bidder fails to fulfill the obligations in the contract, the bank will be liable for compensation.
(2) The performance bond refers to the written guarantee issued by the guarantee bank to the buyer at the seller's application. If the seller fails to perform the contract, the bank will be responsible for paying compensation to the buyer.
(3) Advance payment guarantee refers to the guarantee provided by the bank to the buyer. If the seller fails to perform the contract, the bank will promise to repay the advance payment and interest to the buyer.
(4) Retention guarantee, also known as retention guarantee, refers to the retention guarantee issued by the guarantee bank to the buyer at the seller's application. In some contract terms, it is stipulated that part of the contract price can only be paid after the project is completely completed. This not only ensures that the seller can receive the accounts receivable in time, but also ensures that the buyer can pursue the seller when the seller fails to fully fulfill its obligations.
(5) Warrant refers to the right to purchase some common shares from the issuing company at the agreed price within the specified date.
III. Short-term automatic liquidation and contingencies related to transactions
This project mainly refers to documentary letters of credit (including export and import documentary letters of credit) secured by the priority creditor's rights of the goods to be shipped.
Four. re-purchase agreement
Repurchase agreement refers to a short-term financing behavior that the trustee sells the relevant assets (usually securities) held by him to the transferor at the agreed price, and repurchases them from the transferor at the agreed purchase price within the agreed time limit.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) sells assets with recourse.
Asset sale refers to the bank's behavior of selling loan claims. Selling the loan creditor's rights can not only reduce the amount of bank loans, thus reducing risky assets and improving capital adequacy ratio, but also obtain fee income. Because the buyer has the right of recourse to the creditor's rights, the bank still needs to bear the credit risk.
6. The opposite of buying forward assets and selling assets is asset purchase. When a bank purchases a loan creditor's right without recourse, it will bear all the credit risks caused by the asset; If the bank purchases the loan creditor's rights with recourse, it will also bear the credit risk of claiming from the seller (debtor) or recourse to the upper hand.
Seven, part of the payment of stocks and securities to bear certain losses.
(1) Partially paid-up shares are also called unpaid shares, which refer to subscribed but unpaid shares.
(2) Securities that represent certain losses are referred to as securities for short, which is a kind of securities lending behavior, generally referring to banks lending securities to portfolio investors.
VIII. Facilitating the issuance and circulation underwriting of bills
(1) note issuance facilities is a legally binding medium-term credit commitment. According to this promise, the trustee (bill issuer) can issue short-term bills in its own name, while the lender (underwriting bank) needs to undertake the bill purchase or give standby credit within the promised credit line, so as to successfully complete the bill issuance and raise the necessary funds.
(2) The convenience of circular underwriting refers to the financing amount that the bank guarantees that the securities underwriting institution can underwrite within a certain amount. Banks are responsible for underwriting all unsold securities or providing equivalent standby credit.
Nine, the initial period of less than one year can be cancelled unconditionally at any time.
A promise that can be revoked unconditionally at any time with an initial term of less than one year refers to a credit intention that has been formally signed for less than one year and has not used the credit line or has not been formally signed.
Other commitments with an initial term of one year or more.
Other commitments with an initial term of one year or more refer to some credit commitments that the bank has formally signed a contract with the trustee, but the funds have not yet arrived.
Eleven, interest rate and exchange rate contract (this item is not included in the assessment content).
(1) Interest rate contracts include: single currency swap, benchmark interest rate instrument swap, forward interest rate agreement, interest rate futures, interest rate call options and similar financial instruments.
(2) Exchange rate contracts include cross-currency interest rate swaps, forward foreign exchange contracts, currency futures, currency call options and similar financial instruments.