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There are many problems in the development of private foreign trade enterprises. In order to further promote the development of private foreign trade enterprises, the government must give full play to its due role, give strong support in policies, systems and resources, and provide comprehensive, high-quality and efficient services as far as possible, so that private foreign trade enterprises can develop and grow as soon as possible.
Keywords private operation; Foreign trade enterprises; Government; function
First, the role of private foreign trade enterprises in China's foreign trade development
With China's entry into WTO and the acceleration of economic globalization, China's economy has become more and more integrated with the international economy, and the role of foreign trade has become more and more important and prominent, which has become the main driving force for national economic growth. In recent years, due to the gradual liberalization of the state's right to operate foreign trade, more and more private enterprises have entered the field of foreign trade, which has injected unprecedented vitality into China's foreign trade development and is becoming a strong growth point of foreign trade. According to statistics, the total import and export volume of private enterprises in China in 2003 was $59.32 billion, an increase of 1546438+0% over the previous year. Imports and exports accounted for 7% of the country's total imports and exports, an increase of 3.2 percentage points over the previous year. In 2004, the total export volume of private enterprises in China has exceeded $654.38 billion, reaching $654.38 billion, an increase of 68.6%, which is 33.2 percentage points higher than the overall export growth, and its proportion in the total export volume has risen to 654.38+07%. In 2005, the proportion of private enterprises in China's total import and export increased to 1 1.4% and 19.6% respectively. In some provinces with developed private economy, such as Zhejiang, the export of private enterprises has accounted for about 40% of the province's exports, surpassing state-owned and foreign-funded enterprises and becoming the first foreign trade export corps.
In 2004, with China's constitutional amendment further clarifying the policy of protecting and supporting the development of private economy, and the new foreign trade law formally implemented in July 1 released the right to operate foreign trade ahead of schedule, the vitality of private foreign trade subjects was released even more. It can be predicted that in the near future, private foreign trade will soon surpass state-owned and foreign-funded foreign trade and occupy a dominant position in China's overall foreign trade.
Second, the necessary conditions for the development of private foreign trade enterprises
As an economic entity, private foreign trade enterprises, like other enterprises, also need basic conditions such as capital, talents and market in the process of development. However, as a member of the private economy, policies, systems and environmental conditions are more important reasons for the cracks in private foreign trade enterprises.
1. Policy conditions. Because the private economy has a special dependence on government policies, people often call it "policy economy", and the development of private foreign trade enterprises naturally cannot be separated from the strong support of government policies. The government's support in fiscal, taxation and credit policies is a powerful guarantee for the development and growth of private foreign trade enterprises. It can be said that private foreign trade enterprises are faced with the problem of whether the government will give it or not, and any change in government policies will also have a great impact on the development of private foreign trade enterprises.
2. Institutional conditions. The government's system supply and innovation in property rights protection, economic autonomy guarantee and industry access are also one of the necessary conditions for the development of private foreign trade enterprises. The emergence of private foreign trade enterprises is the product of free market economy, and its development depends on the degree and performance of their freedom to engage in economic activities and control their own property. The government provides a good system supply and system innovation in a timely and appropriate manner in the establishment of enterprise autonomy and the clarity of property rights, and meets the needs of private foreign trade enterprises for various systems through a reasonable, legal and standardized system, which will provide greater interest incentives and sufficient free choice space for their development.
3. Social and environmental conditions. Social environmental conditions are the soil for the growth of private foreign trade enterprises, and a relaxed and favorable social environment is like sufficient soil nutrients, which can nourish the seedlings of private foreign trade enterprises to develop rapidly and thrive. Therefore, creating a relaxed and good political environment, social environment and public opinion environment, and forming a social atmosphere in which the government encourages and supports and the whole society cares and participates will play a vital role in the development and growth of private foreign trade enterprises.
Third, the external problems faced by the development of private foreign trade enterprises in China
Although China's private foreign trade enterprises have shown a gratifying momentum of rapid growth, both in number and in the proportion of total import and export, after all, private foreign trade enterprises have not been born for a long time, and there are still problems such as small scale, weak strength and imperfect management mechanism, which restrict the development of private foreign trade enterprises to some extent. However, many problems and obstacles in the external environment affect the development and growth of private foreign trade enterprises in China to a greater extent, as follows:
1. In the legal environment, the relevant laws and regulations are not perfect or the implementation is not in place. At present, China still lacks supporting laws and regulations suitable for the development of private economy to establish the economic status of private enterprises. Although the constitution has made it clear that the private economy is an important part of the socialist market economy and the state protects the legitimate rights and interests of the private economy, there are no specific laws and regulations on how to protect the property rights of private enterprises, how to promote financing and guarantee innovation between private enterprises and commercial banks, and how to promote the faster development of private small and medium-sized enterprises. In addition, although the state has continuously relaxed the restrictions on private enterprises entering the foreign trade field and introduced some encouragement and support measures, they are only reflected in various policy documents, such as the Relevant Provisions on the Administration of Import and Export Business Qualification 5438+0 issued in July 2006 and the Opinions on Encouraging, Supporting and Guiding the Development of Non-public Economy such as Individual and Private Enterprises issued in February 2005.
2. In the policy environment, policy discrimination and unfair treatment still exist. Compared with state-owned foreign trade enterprises, private foreign trade enterprises are subject to various restrictions in market access, loan financing and taxation. For example, the standard for private enterprises to obtain foreign trade management rights is still higher than that of state-owned enterprises, and it is still difficult for private foreign trade enterprises to obtain commodity quota licenses. Compared with foreign-funded enterprises, private foreign trade enterprises suffer from unequal treatment. Foreign-funded enterprises enjoy special preferential policies in import and export rights, taxation, foreign exchange preferences, investment fields and investment qualifications. Foreign investment has "super national treatment", while private foreign trade enterprises are in a state of "quasi-national treatment".
3. In the institutional environment, many institutional arrangements are unreasonable. For example, in the administrative examination and approval system, not only the entry threshold for private enterprises to enter the foreign trade industry is higher than that of other constituent enterprises, but also the pre-approval procedures are quite complicated. Operators of private foreign trade enterprises must go through more complicated examination and approval procedures if they want to study abroad, and it takes a long time to apply for passports and visas. Moreover, in the export tax refund system, the tax refund of private foreign trade enterprises is often delayed for a long time, and enterprises can not get tax refund in time, which leads to insufficient liquidity and makes enterprises in trouble or even bankruptcy.
4. In the social environment, the socialized service system has not been established. Due to insufficient ideological attention, the government's service functions for private foreign trade enterprises such as training, consulting, technology, talents and administration are absent. The services of various trade associations and social intermediary organizations in financing, credit guarantee, technical support, management consulting, legal services, personnel training and market development are not standardized and not in place. The lack of a perfect socialized service system will inevitably make it difficult for private foreign trade enterprises to maintain their competitive advantage in the fierce international market, and may pay a huge price in foreign trade.
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