The North-South issue is also called the development issue. With the collapse of the post-war colonial system, many post-colonial and semi-colonial countries have become sovereign and independent countries today, and they are all developing countries. However, most of them are still raw material producing areas, commodity markets and investment places in developed countries, and become the targets of exploitation. Many developed countries still adhere to the international economic order formed in the colonial era and pursue economic policies that harm others and benefit themselves to developing countries, resulting in the economic deterioration of developing countries, which account for 3/4 of the world's population. Some are heavily in debt, while others are difficult to develop. Many countries are trapped in hunger and poverty, and the gap between the rich and the poor between the North and the South is widening. Therefore, developing countries demand to change the unreasonable situation in the existing international economic relations, change the unfair and unequal treatment in the fields of production, trade and monetary finance, establish a new international economic order, and gain the right to speak and make decisions in international economic affairs. In order to solve the economic relationship between them, developing countries and developed countries hold international economic conferences to negotiate on economic cooperation and development, so it is also called "North-South Dialogue" or "North-South Talks".

The North-South talks can be traced back to the 1950s and brewed in the early 1960s. In order to reform the old international economic order, the developing countries of the third world actively carried out activities through the organizations of raw material producing countries such as the Group of 77, the Conference of Non-Aligned Countries and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, which finally led to the convening of UNCTAD 1964 and opened the prelude to the North-South talks.

The victory of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries in the 1973 struggle to raise oil prices greatly inspired the confidence of third world countries. Their demands are getting more and more attention. 1974 The Declaration and Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order adopted by the special session of the General Assembly marked that the issue of North-South relations was formally put on the international agenda. Since then, more and more countries have attached importance to the North-South talks, and the content, scope and methods of the dialogue have risen to a new height. However, after more than 20 years, the North-South issue has been discussed a lot, and the North-South dialogue has been held many times, and some good "signs" have appeared, but the irrational international economic order has not been fundamentally changed, and the North-South relationship is still not optimistic. The international economic order is a system of rules used to coordinate the global economic operation, and it is an external condition for the existence and development of contemporary countries. The existing international economic order was established by western developed countries with the establishment of the Bretton Woods system and GATT, while retaining the basic characteristics of the colonial era. Although this rule system takes care of the interests and aspirations of developing countries to some extent and in some aspects, it mainly reflects the interests of developed countries, so it is unfair and unreasonable. (Leveling) Data Link

North-South gap: the per capita income of the richest 20 countries in the world is equal to 38 times that of the poorest 20 countries; At present, the gap between the two is twice that of 40 years ago.

Number of LDCs:1970: 25; 2000: 49.

Human Development Index (HDI): According to the UN Human Development Report of 200 1, there are 48 countries and regions with high human development level, with an average HDI value of 0.914; There are 78 countries and regions with medium development level, with an average HDI value of 0.684; There are 36 countries and regions at a low level of development, with an average human development index of 0.442. Developing countries and regions are at a low level of development.

The ratio of foreign exchange transactions to trade volume: the global average daily cross-border currency circulation is about10.5 trillion to 2 trillion US dollars, while the transaction volume related to trade in goods and services is only 5%. The ratio of foreign exchange trading volume to trade volume rose from 65,438+00: 65,438+0 in the early 1980s to 60,65,438+0.