Country name: Republic of Haiti.

Independence Day: 65438+1October 1 (1804)

National Day: 65438+1October 1 (1804)

National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 5: 3. It consists of two parallel and equal horizontal rectangles, the top is blue and the bottom is red. The center of the national flag is a white rectangle with the national emblem painted on it. The color of the Haitian flag comes from the French flag. The national flag with the national emblem is the official flag.

National emblem: There is a towering palm tree in the middle of the design, with a "free pole" inserted in the tree and a "free hat" at the top of the pole. There are war drums on the green land in front of the tree, and weapons such as tomahawks and cannons are on both sides; There are three Haitian flags and a pennant on each side of the tree; There are six rifles with bayonets behind the tree. The white ribbon says "Unity is strength" in French.

National politician: President-elect René Pré val, elected in February 2006.

Physical geography: Located in the west of Hispaniola Island (Haiti Island) in the Caribbean, with an area of about 27,800 square kilometers. It borders the Dominican Republic in the east, the Caribbean Sea in the south, the Atlantic Ocean in the north and Cuba and Jamaica across the air duct in the west. It is an island country in the East Caribbean with a coastline of 1080 kilometers. Three quarters of the whole territory is mountainous, with only narrow plains along the coast and river. The word Haiti means "mountainous country" in Hindi. The highest peak in the country is Mount La Salle, which is 2680 meters above sea level. The main river is Artibonite River, which is an important agricultural area. Rainforest climate in the north and savanna climate in the south.

Population: 8.304 million, mainly black, accounting for about 95%, mixed-race and white descendants accounting for 5%, and the population density ranks first in Latin America. The official languages are French and Creole, and 90% of the residents speak Creole. Among the residents, 80% believe in Roman Catholicism, 5% believe in Protestantism and the rest believe in Jesus and Voodoo. Voodoo is prevalent in rural areas.

Capital: Port-au-Prince is a famous port with a population of about 6.5438+0 million.

Administrative Division: The whole country is divided into 9 provinces, and each province is divided into districts. The nine provinces are: Northwest Province, North Province, Northeast Province, Artibonite Province, Central Province, West Province, Southeast Province, South Province and Grand Bay Province.

Brief history: Haiti has a bitter and tragic history, and has been a place where Indians have lived and multiplied since ancient times. 1492, when Columbus first sailed to America, he discovered the island of Hispaniola, which is now Haiti and Dominica. The island became a Spanish colony in 1502. 1697, Spain and France signed the Treaty of Lesvik, which named the Spanish territory in the east of the island Santo Domingo, and ceded the western part to France, and named it French Santo Domingo. From 1790 to 1803, the black uprising broke out in French Santo Domingo, which was successful in 1804 and 1 year, officially declared independence, established the world's first independent black republic, and became the first country in Latin America to gain independence. Shortly after independence, Haiti was divided into north and south due to civil war, and reunified in 1820. 1822, Haitian ruler Boyer successfully conquered Santo Domingo to the east, unifying the eastern and western parts of Hispaniola. Santo Domingo left Haiti in 1844 and became an independent country-Dominican Republic. From 1844 to 19 15, there are 22 rulers in Haiti. From 19 15 to 1934 it was occupied by the United States. After the American occupation, Haiti was successively presided over by Fan Shang and Leiskow. 1946 A military coup took place in Haiti, with Dimarthur Estime as president. Colonel Paul Magloire became president. Duvalier family practiced dictatorship from 1957 to 1986. 1February 7, 986, under the impact of the people's struggle against tyranny, Duvalier fled to France. The National Management Committee, led by former Army Chief of Staff General henri namphy, took over the political power. 10 10 19, the first national constitutional convention election was held. 1987 a new constitution was adopted in March. 1988 65438+ 10/7 Maniga was elected president and formed a civilian government. Aristide was elected president at the end of 1990, and was overthrown by a military coup nine months later; From 1997 to 1999, the Haitian Prime Minister was vacant and the government was in crisis.

Politics: 1987 The new constitution stipulates that the president shall be democratically elected for a term of five years. The president is the head of state and government and has executive power. Parliament is the national legislature. The Cabinet is the executive body of the government, and the Prime Minister and members of the Cabinet assist the President in his work.

Economy: It is one of the least developed countries in the world, mainly agriculture. The main mineral deposits are bauxite, gold, silver, copper and iron. Among them, bauxite reserves are large, about120,000 tons. There are also some forestry resources. The industrial base is weak, concentrated in Port-au-Prince, mainly including processing, textile, shoemaking, sugar making, building materials and so on. Agriculture is the main economic sector, but the infrastructure is weak and the farming technology is backward. Nearly two thirds of the country's population is engaged in agricultural production. The cultivated land area is 555,000 hectares. Food cannot be self-sufficient. The main agricultural products are coffee, cotton, cocoa, rice, corn, sorghum, bananas, sugar cane and so on. Tourism income is one of the main sources of foreign exchange. Most tourists come from America and Canada. The main seaports are Port-au-Prince and Cap-Ha? tien. Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world, with 75% people living in abject poverty, only 20% of the residents in the country have access to running water, and the illiteracy rate is as high as 80%.

Diplomacy: A foreign policy that advocates the principles of national self-determination and non-interference.

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