1. Deposit reserve refers to the deposits deposited by financial institutions in the central bank, which is used to ensure customers' withdrawal of deposits and settlement of funds. The ratio of the deposit reserve required by the central bank to its total deposit is the deposit reserve ratio.
2: Since 20 1 1, the central bank has raised the deposit reserve ratio four times in a row, with a frequency of once a month, which is rare in history. On 20th11June14th, the central bank announced that it would raise the deposit reserve ratio by 0.5 percentage points. This is also the sixth time that the central bank raised the deposit reserve ratio during the year. 201165438+February, the central bank lowered the deposit reserve ratio for the first time in three years; 2065438+In February 2002, the deposit reserve ratio was lowered again.
Third, when the central bank raises the statutory reserve ratio, the ability of commercial banks to provide loans and create credit will decline. Because the reserve ratio increases, the money multiplier becomes smaller, which reduces the ability of the whole commercial banking system to create credit and expand the scale of credit. As a result, the monetary policy in society is tight, the money supply is reduced, interest rates are raised, and investment and social expenditure are correspondingly reduced. or vice versa, Dallas to the auditorium
4. Under the deposit reserve system, financial institutions can't use all the deposits they absorb to issue loans, so they must reserve certain funds, that is, deposit reserve, in case customers need to withdraw money. Therefore, the deposit reserve system is conducive to ensuring the normal payment of financial institutions to customers.
Five: With the development of the financial system, the deposit reserve has gradually evolved into an important monetary policy tool. When the central bank reduces the deposit reserve ratio, the funds available for loans by financial institutions increase, and the total amount of loans and money supply in society also increase accordingly; On the contrary, the total amount of social loans and money supply will decrease accordingly.
Sixth, the central bank can influence the credit expansion ability of financial institutions by adjusting the deposit reserve ratio, thus indirectly regulating the money supply. The excess deposit reserve ratio refers to the ratio of the reserves retained by commercial banks that exceed the statutory deposit reserve to all current deposits. From a morphological point of view, excess reserves can be cash or highly liquid financial assets, such as reserve deposits in central bank accounts.