1978, China's GDP was 364.52 billion yuan, its total fiscal revenue was112/billion yuan, and its total import and export volume was 20.64 billion dollars.
In 2002, China's GDP exceeded 10 trillion yuan for the first time, reaching 102398 billion yuan; In 2006, China's GDP exceeded 20 trillion yuan, accounting for 21192.3 billion yuan, equivalent to 2.7 trillion US dollars.
In 2002, China's GDP was equivalent to 13.9% in the United States, 37.0% in Japan and 7 1.8% in Germany. In 2006, it rose to 20.0% in the United States, 60.6% in Japan and 9 1.3% in Germany.
New achievements of China's economic development in 2007;
(1) GDP reached 24,953 billion yuan, an increase of 1 1.9% compared with 2006, exceeding $3.6 trillion, ranking fourth in the world.
(2) Fiscal revenue exceeded 5 trillion yuan, reaching 51300 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 32%. The fiscal increase is almost equivalent to three times the GDP increase.
(3) Foreign trade grew rapidly, with the total import and export volume reaching 2173.8 billion US dollars, an increase of 23.5%. Third in the world. The balance of import and export, the foreign trade surplus reached 262.2 billion US dollars, an increase of 84.7 billion US dollars over the previous year.
(4) The balance of China's foreign exchange reserves increased significantly, reaching $654.38+052.82 billion, up by 43.3% over the previous year. Number one in the world.
(5) Foreign direct investment continued to grow. The actual use of foreign direct investment from non-financial institutions in the whole year was 74.8 billion US dollars, an increase of 13.6% over the previous year. Number one in the world.
In the past 30 years, China's economy has maintained an average annual growth rate of 9.7%, ranking first in the world. In the past five years, the share of China's GDP in the world economy has been increasing, from 4.4% in 2002 to 5.5% in 2007.
After 30 years of reform, opening up and development, China has rapidly achieved a peaceful rise and become a world economic power. The development of China cannot be separated from the world, and the development of the world cannot be separated from China. China is changing the world.
When the "economic locomotive" of the United States is weak, the world economy is increasingly dependent on China, Indian and other emerging economies, and China has become an important driving force for world economic growth.
Review and Prospect of 30 Years of Reform and Opening-up (I)
This year marks the 30th anniversary of reform and opening up. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Reform and opening up is the key choice to determine the fate of contemporary China, and the only way to develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; Only socialism can save China. Only reform and opening up can develop China, socialism and Marxism. "
On the reform and opening up, there are two sentences in the report of the 17th National Congress that deserve our great attention:
"Reform and opening up conforms to the hearts of the party and the people, conforms to the trend of the times, the direction and road are completely correct, achievements and achievements cannot be denied, and there is no way out for pause and retrogression."
"We must unswervingly adhere to the direction of reform, improve the scientific nature of reform decision-making, and enhance the coordination of reform measures, so that reform will always be supported and supported by the people."
These two sentences not only clarify the importance, necessity and firmness of reform and opening up, but also clarify the direction and road of the next reform and opening up. This shows that the central government will only strengthen, expand and deepen reform and opening up in the future, and it is impossible to retrogress and stagnate. Therefore, the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is actually a comprehensive, developed and profound reform theory and opening theory elaborated by the Party at the critical stage of reform and development.
The guest of today's speech is Weng, member of the Standing Committee of Hangzhou Municipal Committee and Minister of Propaganda.
Main idea
Adhering to the organic combination of reform and opening up and improving reform and opening up is conducive to further condensing the understanding of all parties on reform and opening up and forming a powerful force to promote reform and opening up. Therefore, on this special day to commemorate the 30th anniversary of reform and opening-up, we can review the history of reform and opening-up, which can enhance the sense of accomplishment and pride of people of all ethnic groups in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Looking forward to the future of reform and opening up can enhance people's sense of responsibility and mission to Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Class sketch
Why should we solemnly commemorate the 30th anniversary of reform and opening up? Because reform and opening up, as a powerful driving force for Socialism with Chinese characteristics's development, has created a new situation in Socialism with Chinese characteristics's great cause, made socialism glow with unprecedented vitality, made Marxism glow with unprecedented attraction, and made our party glow with new creative vitality. It has changed the destiny of the people, the country and the party in China, and achieved brilliant achievements that have attracted worldwide attention.
-Reform and opening up have greatly enhanced China's comprehensive national strength.
Through reform and opening up, we have achieved a great historical turning point from a highly centralized planned economic system to a dynamic socialist market economic system, and from a closed and semi-closed to an all-round opening, which has greatly promoted the development of social productive forces and the leap of comprehensive national strength. From 1978, China's GDP was 364.5 billion yuan, reaching more than 2 1 trillion yuan in 2006, an increase of 57.5 times, and 24.66 trillion yuan in 2007. China's foreign exchange reserves reached $65,438 +0.53 trillion at the end of last year, ranking first in the world, while at 1.978, China's foreign exchange reserves were only $65,438+0.50 billion. During the 30 years of reform and opening up, China's GDP grew by 9.7% on average, while the world economy only grew by about 3% in the same period. At present, the output of major products such as grain, cotton, meat, steel, coal and fertilizer in China ranks first in the world; Our manned space shuttle has been successfully launched, the lunar exploration project is progressing smoothly, and so on. , fully embodies the great improvement of China's social productive forces and comprehensive national strength.
In the past 30 years, China has stood out. Other countries have experienced rapid development, maybe five years, 10 years, or even 15 years, but it is impossible for China to develop at such a high growth rate for 30 years. At present, China's economic aggregate has surpassed Italy, Britain, France and other countries, and its ranking has risen from 10 in 65438 to the fourth place now. The United States, Japan and Germany are in front of us, and Germany is very close to us. Some economists in the United States also calculate that if China keeps this development momentum, it will surpass the United States by 2050.
Economy is linked with politics and military affairs. Weak countries have no place in the world, and weak countries have no diplomacy. When the country is strong, the people will listen, and when the country is weak, there will be no right to speak. Putin once said that anger without power is meaningless. After 30 years of reform and development, with the continuous enhancement of our comprehensive national strength, western developed countries pay more and more attention to China, and our right to speak on the world political stage is getting stronger and stronger. For example, the G8 Summit convened by western developed countries to study the world economic situation and problems required China to attend, which proved that the development of China has had a significant impact on the world economy.
-Reform and opening up have greatly improved people's lives.
Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has advanced by leaps and bounds, the gross national product has grown rapidly, and all citizens have created enormous social wealth. At the same time, all residents have enjoyed the fruits of the reform, their living standards have improved rapidly, and family property has grown from scratch, from less to more, spanning the two life stages of food and clothing and well-off life, and gradually becoming rich.
From 65438 to 0978, there were 250 million poor people in rural areas of China alone, accounting for 30% of the total population. By 2006, it had dropped to 2 1.48 million, accounting for only 2.3% of our total population. According to figures released by the World Bank, 67% of the achievements made by mankind in poverty reduction in the past 25 years are attributed to China. In other words, China has made great contributions to the cause of poverty alleviation in the world.
After 30 years of reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in our lives, which all of us in China can deeply feel. Compared with 1978 in 2007, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in China increased from 343.7 yuan to 13786 yuan; The per capita net income of farmers increased from 133.7 yuan to 4 140 yuan. After deducting the price factor, the average annual growth rate of both is 7%. At the same time, the Engel coefficient of urban households has dropped from 57.5% to 36.3%, and that of rural households has dropped from 67.7% to 43%, which fully shows that our living standard and consumption level have improved significantly. Starting from June 65438+1 October1in 2006, in order to further increase farmers' income and improve farmers' lives, the party and the state cancelled China's agricultural tax with a history of more than 2,600 years, which is a major event in China's history and fully proves that the ultimate goal of reform and opening up is to let people live a better life.
Reform and opening up have also brought earth-shaking changes to Hangzhou. From 65438 to 0978, Hangzhou's GDP was 2,840.46 million yuan and its total fiscal revenue was 990.43 million yuan. By 2007, these two figures reached 465.438+003 billion yuan and 77.843 billion yuan respectively, and the economic strength of the city was greatly improved. At the same time, the income of residents has generally increased, and all classes and groups have benefited from the reform, and their living standards have improved significantly. For example, the per capita disposable income of urban residents increased from 338 yuan in 1978 to 2 yuan in 2007, an increase of 63.2 times, and the per capita net income of rural residents increased from 1978 to 9549 yuan in 2007, an increase of 57.9 times. The changes that reform and opening up have brought to our lives are beyond our dreams! For example, we have many private cars now, and some families have two cars. Some business owners are farmers. At the beginning of their business, it was impossible for them to think that they could still own their own planes, not to mention the increasingly popular electronic consumer goods such as mobile phones and computers. Things that I never dreamed of at that time have now been realized one by one.
-Reform and opening up have greatly improved the cultural level and civilized quality of all citizens.
The historic changes brought by reform and opening up to the people of China are not only the improvement of living standards, but also the great changes in spiritual life and ideas. One of the biggest changes in the past 30 years of reform and opening up is to break the monotonous and unified lifestyle and thinking mode that worships personality and violates human nature, and the spiritual and cultural life is increasingly diversified, and the ideas are increasingly diversified. The awareness of competition, efficiency, democracy and the rule of law was unimaginable 30 years ago. In particular, people can think freely, choose freely, decide their own destiny independently, and be free, independent and independent. This is the biggest change in people's spiritual field brought by reform and opening up. In the past, when we walked in the street, almost everyone wore gray clothes. Now it is colorful, and people's thoughts have become active, innovative, intelligent and civilized. People's thoughts have gone from rigid and semi-rigid, from "two whatevers", and the country has moved from closed and semi-closed to open and confident. Changes in spiritual life and ideological concepts have mobilized the enthusiasm and creativity of hundreds of millions of people, and made unprecedented rapid progress in China's socialist construction and reform and opening up.
Reform and opening up have made the people of China rich, but we should prevent material life from being rich and spiritual life from being empty. Maslow, an American social psychologist, once put forward the hierarchy theory of needs, which divided the needs from low to high into five levels: physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, respect needs and self-realization needs. After meeting the low-level needs, people should pursue higher-level needs. Therefore, while doing a good job in material civilization construction, we should also attach great importance to spiritual civilization construction.
The great achievements of 30 years' development have fully proved the incomparable correctness of the road of reform and opening up. Of course, everything has two sides. While opening to the outside world has brought advanced foreign management concepts and experiences, it has also brought some dross. As Comrade Xiaoping said, fresh air comes in when it is on, but sometimes flies and mosquitoes come in. So keep a clear head, open the door, let good things in, reject bad things, and drive away flies and mosquitoes. In addition, we should correctly treat some mistakes in our work during the reform and opening up. It should be noted that developing a market economy under socialist conditions is a great pioneering work that has never been done before. In this profound social change, it is inevitable that there will be twists and turns in progress and challenges in development, but our journey and achievements show that without reform and opening up, it can only be a dead end; The development of society will also prove that only by deepening reform and opening wider to the outside world can we consolidate our achievements and create greater glories.
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Analysis of Current Macroeconomic Situation and Trend Chu Tao Dong