The opening report, that is, when the direction of the subject is determined, the researchers in the investigation and research on the basis of writing the report approved by the superiors of the selected plan. It mainly explains the subject of the basis for research, research conditions and how to prepare for research and other issues. The opening report is an important part of improving the quality and level of the selected topic, but also undergraduate students to improve the scientific research ability of the road.
Second, how to write a good report?
1, through their own careful thinking and weighing, put forward a good selection of the direction of the topic is a prerequisite for writing a good opening report, the head are not open, the report is difficult to be approved.
2, to familiarize themselves with the results of previous research, standing on the basis of other people's research, engaged in a higher level, more valuable research. Low-level, repetitive research topics are not passable.
3, to master the theoretical knowledge related to the subject, the research work can have a solid foundation, otherwise, it is difficult to study the depth of the research, it is difficult to have a real creation.
4, to collect information in many ways, so that the report can be written more scientific and better.
Three, the name of the subject should be accurate and standardized (see later in the paper title specification).
Four, fully justify the purpose and significance of the subject research.
The purpose and significance of the study, that is, why study, study what value it has. This part of the content should be "real" do not "false", which can generally be the first from the reality of the need to discuss, pointing out that the reality of the problem, the need to study, to solve. Can not be a rambling empty slogans. The main content includes: (1) the background of the study: that is, according to what, inspired by what to engage in this study. (2) through the actual analysis, pointing out why the study of the subject, the value of research, to solve the problem. See the following example:
Example: "Research on the Construction of Quality Monitoring System for Physical Education Graduation Thesis"
Entering the "Chinese Periodicals Full-Text Database", from 1999 to July 2008, China's periodicals*** published 2,988 articles related to college students' graduation theses. Among them, there are more than 130 articles about the thesis of physical education undergraduates. From the comparison of the number of articles in these two years, it can be seen that the discussion of the topic of "college students' graduation thesis" is getting more and more attention. In these discussions, the supervision and management of college students' theses are basically the usual practices of the faculties, departments and the Academic Affairs Office, and they are mostly generalizations. In this regard, can give a person a bright eye is China University of Petroleum College of Business Administration four teachers on the "undergraduate thesis anonymity sent to the review" of a test after the discussion, although not systematically summarize a set of experience can be drawn on, but it is after all a valuable exploration.
It is worth mentioning that there are many experts in China who suggest canceling the undergraduate thesis. This theory of abolition, without paying attention to the integrity of the education of college students. This is an unrealistic way of thinking.
On the foreign research on college students' thesis, from the literature that can be waded through, basically to guide students to write a thesis, and this guidance in the expression of the content is almost the same as ours. Reprint: leisure has been around for a long time. Leisure life is an area that is closely related to the existence of every human being. Physical activity is an important part of leisure life, and the development of leisure sports has energized sports in the new century.
1 Connotation of leisure
What is leisure? In the "Dictionary", leisure is explained as "farmland in a certain period of time without crops, by means of measures to recuperate the power of the land." Obviously, this explanation is very different from modern leisure activities. In English, the word "recreation" is often translated as leisure, which means: (1) amateur pastime or entertainment; (2) relaxation of body and mind, rest. (Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary) This meaning is close to people's general understanding. However, when examining its etymology, it is found that the original word is recreate, which means to re-create, reproduce, restore. In this sense, leisure activity is not a general pastime, entertainment or recuperation, but an activity to restore physical and mental health and recreate life. From the interpretation of the Chinese character for "leisure", the ancients of our country had an insightful interpretation as early as thousands of years ago, "'Hugh' to wood and rest, emphasizing the harmony between man and nature; 'leisure' to be serene and thoughtful. ' skilfulness, purity of thought and tranquility." The combination of words and meanings indicates the cultural connotation and value significance unique to leisure. According to Gooffrey Godbey, president of the National Institute of Leisure Studies, "Leisure is a life of relative freedom from the external pressures of the cultural and material environment, which enables one to act in a way that one prefers, that one instinctively feels valued, that is driven by inner love, and that provides a basis for faith ." He argues that leisure is more than a search for pleasure; it is also a search for the meaning of life; fundamentally, leisure is a search for meaning and pleasure in life. Other foreign scholars believe that leisure is a direct, new life experience process for human beings, and that complete relaxation of body, society and spirit is a reasonable leisure and never insignificant ...... It can be seen that leisure is not only a kind of leisure activity that restores the state of physical and mental health and enriches and creates life, but it is also a kind of leisure activity that is aimed at perfecting It is also a leisure activity that aims at perfecting and developing oneself.
Leisure is a product of the development of human society and an important symbol of social progress. The increase in productivity of human society has promoted the increase in the amount of leisure time, thus making the status of leisure in people's social life more and more prominent. Mr. Yu Guangyuan, a famous scholar in China, pointed out in his article "On the Society of Universal Leisure" that "'Leisure' is one of the fundamental purposes of the development of productive forces, and the length of leisure time and the progress of human civilization develop in parallel ...... Looking at the future from now on, if the labor time that does not belong to leisure can be further reduced with the development of social productivity, the status of leisure can also be further improved, which is a necessary path towards the future of high-speed economic development."
Leisure is a creative process. Marx claimed that "free time, disposable time is wealth itself." In this sense, leisure is a creative process of our spiritual and material wealth. Fully enjoying and cherishing leisure life is a way of life, a life attitude of human beings. People in the leisure life, through the human group of **** have behavior, thoughts, feelings, create a cultural atmosphere, transfer cultural information, construct a cultural context, so as to achieve the individual body and mind and will of the comprehensive and complete development.
2 Leisure is a social and cultural activity
Leisure is diverse, extensive and colorful. From food, clothing, housing and transportation, music, chess, calligraphy and painting, to poetry, song and song, playing in the mountains ...... vary. Ancient saying: "Idle to travel to places of interest, Idle to make friends, Idle to drink. The joy of the world, who is greater then?" It should be noted that the body leisure activities are not to pass the free time "pastime" activities, more not nothing to find fun "entertainment" activities. From the perspective of anthropology, history and sociology, leisure belongs to a certain cultural category and has rich cultural significance. Culture needs to be spread and inherited, so human leisure behavior is not a natural instinct, it is also the result of human acquisition and indoctrination; moreover, it is given form and content by cultural things, thus reflecting the cultural vitality.
In the past, few people linked leisure with culture. Because cultural activities are elegant and tasteful activities, while most leisure activities are considered vulgar and inferior. The reason why they are considered vulgar and inferior, mainly because the leisure activities are mostly "play" in nature. And "play" has always been regarded as a low-grade activity. This kind of one-sided understanding has a certain relationship with people's insufficient understanding of culture. Mr. Yu Guangyuan, a famous scholar in China, pointed out in 1983 when he returned from a trip to Europe and passed through Macao that China attaches great importance to sports competitions, but there is not enough research on competitions and games outside of sports. He believed that "play" is an indispensable element in life, and that it should be played with culture and nobility, and that a culture of "play" should be developed. There should be a culture of play, research on the technology of play, mastery of the technology of play, and development of the art of play. This incisive discussion on leisure and culture reflects the importance of culture in leisure. Culture is a composite of different forms of traits created by human beings, which includes physical objects, knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs, and other abilities and habits acquired from society. Culture is nurtured in people's lives. The way people live is both an important part of culture and a process of creating culture. In a sense, culture is the crystallization of human lifestyles and life wisdom, and is the organic whole of human life. Leisure activities, as an integral part of life, are rightly understood as part of culture. As a cultural activity, one of the functions of leisure is "enjoyment", and one of the reasons why the art of Peking Opera has been passed down to this day is that it can bring enjoyment to people. One of the reasons why the art of Peking Opera has survived to this day is that it brings enjoyment to people. From this perspective, the cultural flavor of leisure activities is particularly strong. Enjoyment of life is the cultural theme of leisure activities, and the development of leisure culture is an important measure to improve the quality of life.
3 Sports is an important content of leisure
Sports is a special social and cultural activity which is produced by human beings in the production and life, mostly based on the natural activities of the whole body, and it has a variety of features and functions such as games, entertainment, fitness, adventure and so on. Sports activities require the direct participation of the human body, so that health, strength, aesthetics, temperament, character, wisdom and other elements most closely related to the body can be refined.
Sports, an activity that has a positive impact on the human body and mind, is of great significance to people's leisure life, both in the past, present and future. "Sport, above all, is effective in the form of physical recreation. However, sport is not simply about recreation and pleasant recuperation in free time, but focuses on seeking the positive restoration of human nature and ensuring the wholeness of the human being." "The free time liberated from work, if it is for spontaneous recreation then inevitably the idea of whether it is good to do some kind of activity or to come to a casual one arises. However, this free time, as it is the result of years of hard work, must not be wasted. For the rest of the day, sports, as physical recreation, can be recommended as the most original activity. In this way, sport is the most desirable form of activity in the form of recreation." (History of Sports Ideas, 34 pages, National Sports Commission Encyclopedia Sports Volume Writing Team)
In the long evolutionary process of human society, sports have gone through a course of development from primitive sports, ancient sports, modern sports to modern sports. Regardless of the stage of sports, leisure and sports have always maintained a close connection. In the ancient Greek period, the Athenians were the typical people who lived a life of leisure, handling official business before lunch, and then enjoying their spare time in the wrestling arena and gymnasium in the afternoon. At that time, the gymnasium is the general public of the public **** facilities, sports fields, walking paths and discussion forums, the afternoon everyone concentrated here through sports or discussion to spend their leisure. In our country, cu sheath (soccer), Jingdu (dragon boat race), throwing pots, swing, chess play, hitting the bow (polo) and so on are the content of the sports activities preferred by our people in their leisure life, "cockfighting cu jiu, walk to explain the book, sumo four or five platform, theater four or five, thousands of people such as bees such as ants, each occupying one side." This shows the status of sports in people's leisure activities. In the medieval period, although many sports activities were banned, but some such as fencing, equestrian and other informal sports competitions are often held in the holidays and other people's leisure time, and become the main way to spend their leisure time.
The Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, and the bourgeois industrial revolution contributed to the emergence and development of modern sports. As one of the three pillars of modern sports, outdoor sports in the United Kingdom, its prosperity and development and the British leisure life is inseparable. Every holiday, church festival, regularly held fairs and trade days and other leisure activities, outdoor sports and games are indispensable content. Hunting, shooting, fishing, hiking, track and field, soccer, swimming, boating, golf, field hockey, and so on became popular. In order to increase the interest in entertainment, improve the spectacle, some sports activities have more formal rules, some informal sports organizations were born, there are many activities to become a modern track and field, ball games and water projects "mother". It can be said that the British outdoor sports for the formation and development of modern sports laid a good foundation, but also promote the development of modern leisure life.
Modern society is a highly developed society in terms of economy, politics, culture, science and technology. The prosperity and development of sports is an important symbol of modern society. The sharp increase in a variety of sports books and magazines, the popularity of television sets, computers, Internet access to tens of thousands of households, so that the amount of sports information continues to increase, sports are spreading at an unprecedented rate in people's lives, the impact of more and more. "The trend is for sports to become a part of people's lives. The increase of leisure time, the improvement of leisure facilities and the change of concepts have laid the foundation for people to better enjoy the fun of sports activities. In the past, it used to be some "aristocratic sports" such as golf is gradually into the common people's homes. According to information, the United States every year, 20 million people to participate in this sport, Japan enthusiasts have 10 million people, Australia, an average of 10,000 people have a course. "Just under 150 years ago, many sports and fitness activities, such as golf, tennis, sailing, excursions, roller skating and bicycling, were almost exclusively sports for the rich. In 1880, for example, a bicycle sold for $100 to $125, and in those days such a sum was a considerable fortune." And now "any average person is old enough to participate." (Leisure in Your Life, 170 pages, Yunnan People's Publishing House). The globalization of sports and its international cultural exchanges have been further intensified, and some sports have spread rapidly in the society, such as sports dance, aerobics, etc. In China, some foreign sports have been welcomed by the people, such as beach volleyball and squash, which have become the new contents of people's leisure life. Some new sports activities are also springing up. For example, in the early nineties in the United States, New Zealand, France, Britain and other countries have emerged one after another a kind of "dive jump" (bungee jumping), every year in these countries engaged in this sport hundreds of thousands of people. Surfing, skateboarding, rock climbing, gliding, kayaking, jet skiing, roller skating, fancy bike and so on, these are called "extreme sports" program, is also spreading at a fast pace in society, and become the content of the leisure activities of the people are keen.
Not only that, but the connection between sports and some other leisure activities has also become closer. For example, the proportion of sports consumption is gradually increasing in people's leisure consumption activities. Some data show that in economically developed countries, people's daily life for sports consumption expenditure usually accounted for 30-40% of the entire social pastime and entertainment consumption. According to other data, the cost of supplies and equipment used by Americans to participate in leisure sports amounted to 350 billion dollars in 1995. If it is converted into employment opportunities, calculated at 40,000 dollars a job, *** 8.75 million jobs were created. Sports tourism has become a new area of tourism, with mountaineering, hiking, biking, sailing, scuba diving, parachuting, hang gliding, skiing, etc., becoming important attractions for tourist destinations. Sports activities as the theme of travel has become a fashion, according to the U.S. Travel Industry Federation (the Travel lndustry Association Of America) survey, 50% of the U.S. adult travel group - that is, 147 million people - - has participated in the "adventure".
The Travel Industry Association (the Travel lndustry Association Of America) surveyed that 50% of the adult travelling public in the United States - or 1.47 billion people - have taken part in "adventure" trips, which include camping, hiking and biking.
4 Recreational sports is one of the future development trends of sports
Recreational sports is to entertain the body and mind, the development of self as the main purpose of sports activities. Leisure sports emphasize the return to nature, physical and mental relaxation, and emphasize the fun of the activity. The form of leisure sports is eclectic, the content is colorful, from traditional sports such as ball games, track and field, emerging sports such as rock climbing, bungee jumping, gliding to people's daily life of hiking, biking, jogging and so on are the content of leisure sports. Recreational sports are characterized by simplicity and ease of use, with low requirements for technology and facilities; they are suitable for both young and old, with a wide range of suitable people; they are free and easy, emphasizing the freedom and fun of the activities. Based on this, leisure sports are gradually gaining popularity. Some people have investigated the status quo of sports activities of workers in Shanghai, and found that workers like soccer, but the most favorite to engage in badminton. The reason is that the badminton court restrictions are small, in the open space, parks and squares and other public **** facilities can be carried out, the activities of the object and family members, coworkers as much, and at any time, anywhere, as you wish, some people call it "open space badminton", which is a typical pleasure to see the leisure sports activities. In Germany, hiking is people's favorite leisure sports activities, with friends, close friends, family, colleagues to go on foot to the countryside, mountaineering, hiking has become a must for people's holiday life content.
With the improvement of social mechanization, electrification and automation, the popularity of modern transportation, and the development of information technology, people are engaged in a variety of physical labor opportunities and time is greatly reduced, coupled with social competition and environmental changes to the pressure caused by the increase in people, people are increasingly seeking to enhance health through sports, relieve stress, spend their leisure, leisure sports will be one of the development trends of sports development, it will be the next Leisure sports will be one of the development trends of sports development, and it will occupy a dominant position in people's leisure life in the future. the 21st century will be an era of leisure, and people will more often use leisure to satisfy their interests and hobbies which occupy a core position in their personal life, and less often use leisure as a pastime and recovery after work.
It is an indisputable fact that the overall level of college students' thesis has declined in the past few years, and this is especially true of sports majors. Student thesis is very common, some of them are several articles "copy and paste", plagiarism plagiarism is not an isolated phenomenon. In this regard, in the face of the pressure of students' employment, schools and thesis advisors are helpless. However, college students writing thesis is, after all, an important part of education to test the level of students' comprehensive ability to use and cultivate their scientific research ability. Article 3 of the Interim Measures for the Implementation of the Regulations on Academic Degrees of the People's Republic of China*** and the People's Republic of China also provides for the writing of thesis by college students. Studying the problem of college students' thesis, find a solution to the overall decline of students' thesis, to improve the quality of college students and scientific research ability, to improve the quality of education in universities, the significance is obvious.
Writing a thesis is the last teaching link in the teaching work of sports majors, the thesis is a valuable asset left by the students to the school, is the last written assignment submitted to the school during the college students. The thesis guidance process is the process of teaching and learning, is the teacher to test its teaching effect, improve teaching methods, improve the quality of teaching a great opportunity.
However, at present, there is a lack of a set of effective methods in the whole process of students' thesis guidance, writing, management, supervision, etc. There are no clear standards, assessment indexes and effective monitoring measures from the selection of the topic, collection of information, research, writing the thesis, modification, finalization, thesis grade evaluation to the thesis defense. The management of the instructor is basically a laissez-faire state, all of which only stays on the subjective judgment of the instructor, lacking scientific judgment and monitoring methods.
So far, many colleges and universities have not found a good solution to the decline in the level of college students' thesis, and I believe that some college leaders, many teaching managers and teachers are studying the problem of thesis writing, and thinking of new ideas to solve the problem. We declare this topic to concentrate the wisdom of many people to study this problem and try to find a solution to the problem from the teaching process and teaching management process. This is undoubtedly valuable to improve the quality of thesis.
---- Excerpted from: Xiao Wei et al. Declaration of "Research on the Construction of Quality Monitoring System of Graduation Thesis for Sports Majors"
Fifth, think carefully about the content of the research
The content of the research is the aspects of the topic that are ready to be Research, to be concise, can not drag.
Example: research content: (source the same as the above example)
1, the development of a set of thesis guidance work plan:
Including the establishment of standardized thesis work organization and management, operating procedures, defense rules, performance evaluation standards and assessment requirements; the development of a perfect rules and regulations; the actual thesis midterm inspection, found that the problem is timely resolved, to ensure that thesis The quality of the thesis is gradually improved.
2, build thesis quality monitoring system
On the thesis writing of college students each school has formulated the relevant documents, there are relevant provisions in the documents. This topic focuses on the "monitoring mechanism" as a research content, from the teaching link to the teaching management link to study the supervision of thesis writing.
3, the establishment of a sound instructor qualification system
Instructors play a crucial role in thesis writing. In addition to their moral character, instructors must have strong scientific research and guidance ability, and be able to grasp the dynamics of academic frontiers. The development of quantitative indicators in this regard as a reference for reviewing the qualifications of instructors is also a part of our research.
4. Absorbing foreign experience in thesis guidance and management
The stone of its mountain can attack jade. Although undergraduates in the United States do not write thesis (Huazhong Normal University, College of Educational Sciences, Professor Tu Yanguo's words), but many foreign universities such as the British University of college students still have thesis writing requirements, learn from foreign experience in thesis writing, improve our thesis writing teaching guidance and management of teaching is not beneficial.
Sixth, clearly establish the research objectives
The objectives of the research is also the specific purpose of the subject to be achieved in the end, must be clearly written out. Only clear and specific objectives, in order to know what the specific direction of the work,
The following is the subject of "subject teaching and quality education" research experimental program written research objectives: 1, through the experimental research, summarize the implementation of quality education in primary and secondary school disciplines of the characteristics and laws; 2, put forward in the primary and secondary school teaching of disciplines of the implementation of quality education in the views of the views of the 3, the development of the primary and secondary school disciplines in education The implementation of quality education in primary and secondary education in various disciplines; 4, the initial formation of quality education mechanism in primary and secondary schools under the basic theory of subject teaching; 5, comprehensively improve the quality of students in experimental schools, and promote the quality of education in experimental schools to improve the quality of a large area; 6, to promote the improvement of the quality of teachers in experimental schools, to create a high level of scientific research team.
VII, the correct choice of research methods
Specific research methods can be selected from the following: observation, survey method, experimental method, empirical method, case study method, comparative research method, documentation method, logical analysis method. When determining the research method, it is necessary to describe clearly "what to do" and "how to do". If a survey method is to be used, the purpose, task, target, scope, method of investigation, questionnaire design or source, etc. should be clearly stated. It is better to attach the survey program. Advocate the use of integrated research methods.
Eight, a reasonable allocation of research progress
The progress of research, that is, the subject of research in time and order of arrangement. The steps of the study should take full account of the interrelationship between the content of the study and the degree of difficulty, in general, are from the basic issues, in stages, each stage from what time to what time to the end of the time to be stipulated. The main steps and time schedule of the subject research include: the whole study is to be divided into which stages; the start and end time of each stage; each stage to complete the research objectives, tasks; each stage of the main research steps, etc..
Example:
Phase I (2008.1-9): 1 the subject group for division of labor; 2 to carry out literature research . ;3 Develop a research plan
The second stage (2008.10-2009.7): 1. Questionnaires and visits to carry out activities to investigate the current situation of school sports and to establish the relevant sports ideas.2. Carry out field research work.
The third stage (2009.8-2009.10): the feedback and re-practice stage of the subject research.
The fourth stage (2009.10-2009.12): the subject research enters the summarization stage, collects all the subject research information, organizes and analyzes the information, and writes the general subject research report.