What is Earth Big Data? Can it still support sustainable development? Today, China Academy of Sciences officially released the Report on Global Big Data Supporting Sustainable Development Goals, which shows the exploration and practice of China in using global big data technology to support the implementation of the 2030 sustainable development agenda and policy decisions. Let's take a look at the mystery in this report with Bian Xiao!
What's in the report?
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Previously, IUCN reduced the endangered level of China's national treasure giant panda from "endangered" to "vulnerable" according to its own evaluation criteria. Where does the basis of this judgment come from? Are giant pandas really safe?
In the "Report on Global Big Data Supporting Sustainable Development Goals" released in this issue, there is an answer. The report shows that the population of giant pandas has increased from 1976 to 20 13, but the habitat area of giant pandas is smaller and more fragmented than that of 1976 and 1988.
Therefore, it is unreasonable to reduce the endangered level of giant pandas simply based on population size. The assessment of endangered species needs to integrate population and habitat factors in order to protect it more objectively.
In terms of sustainable cities and communities, where can small partners enjoy public transport services quickly and conveniently? According to the Report on Global Big Data Supporting Sustainable Development Goals, citizens in Macao, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Beijing have the most convenient public transportation, and Beijing has the highest proportion of public space in the country.
According to the report, the average proportion of people who can easily use public transportation in each province is 64.28%, and the eastern provinces are generally higher than the central and western regions, and the southern provinces are generally higher than the northern provinces. Judging from the scale of prefecture-level cities, the proportion of people who can easily use public transportation in densely populated cities is generally higher than that in sparsely populated cities. Among them, the proportion of Macao, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Beijing exceeds 90%.
In terms of clean drinking water and sanitation facilities, the surface water quality in the whole country improved slightly in 20 17 compared with that in 20 16, and the surface water quality in the western region was generally better than that in the eastern region, among which the surface water quality in Xinjiang and Tibet was the best, with the excellent proportions in 20 16 and 20 17 being above 97%. After years of continuous treatment, the quality of surface water in China has been obviously improved, but some provinces and cities in the east still need to further improve the treatment level.
In addition, the report also monitored and analyzed urban fine particulate matter PM2.5. The results show that from 20 10 to 20 18, the concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Chengdu-Chongqing areas in China showed an obvious downward trend.
...... Guo Huadong, head of the Earth Big Data Science Project and academician of China Academy of Sciences, told reporters that the global and regional progress shown in the report has provided a solid scientific and technological foundation for supporting UN agencies to promote sustainable development-related cooperation in the future and supporting countries in the Belt and Road region to build a more perfect evaluation system for sustainable development goals.
Why is there a report?
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In 20 15, 193 UN Member States adopted Change Our World: Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2030, which includes 17 sustainable development goals. Achieving the goal of global sustainable development is the common mission of mankind.
However, Guo Huadong admits that monitoring the implementation of the sustainable development goals is facing arduous challenges. Among them, the serious shortage of indicator data is the main challenge for sustainable development target monitoring: the data statistical system is imperfect and inconsistent, and the lack of indicator system is the main reason for the lack of data and low quality. Therefore, how to ensure the reliability of data and scientifically establish the evaluation index system of sustainable development goals is a scientific problem.
Guo Huadong showed reporters a set of data:
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has 17 targets, 169 targets and 230+ indicators.
Breaking through the methods with methods, no data, no methods and no data indicators has become the most urgent task of the United Nations sustainable development goals.
At this time, China forces stepped forward and aimed at "Earth Big Data" to carry out scientific research. "As an important aspect of scientific and technological innovation, big data is bringing new research methods and means to scientific research and is expected to promote the emergence of new research paradigms." Guo Huadong said.
He said that global big data is massive, multi-source, heterogeneous, multi-temporal, multi-dimensional, highly coupled, non-stationary and unstructured. It is a new engine for understanding the earth and scientific discovery, and plays an important role in promoting global sustainable development.
On 20 18 65438+ 10/0, China Academy of Sciences officially launched the Class A strategic pilot science and technology project "Earth Big Data Science Project", dedicated to building a platform for sharing big data and cloud services covering resources, environment, biology, ecology and other fields, and promoting technological innovation in the field of Earth Big Data and major breakthroughs and scientific discoveries in Earth system science. The Report on Global Big Data Supporting Sustainable Development Goals is the result of 1 special implementation for many years.
The report focuses on specific indicators such as zero hunger, clean drinking water and sanitation facilities, sustainable cities and communities, underwater organisms and terrestrial organisms, and selects several typical cases for in-depth research. The presented data analysis results can provide useful reference for other countries to implement the 2030 Agenda and provide China's solutions to more global and regional sustainable development problems.
How should the earth big data project go in the future?
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Practice has proved that Earth Big Data, as a new scientific methodology, has great application value and can provide monitoring and evaluation services for the sustainable development goals of China and the vast number of developing countries and regions.
Guo Huadong said that the United Nations sustainable development goals and China's national development strategy are complementary. This report is a scientific and technological innovation platform for China to serve the sustainable development goals of the United Nations, a concrete contribution to the realization of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations by using global big data, and a realistic case of China's implementation of technology promotion mechanism including data methods to promote the realization of the sustainable development goals, which can be popularized in other countries.
"Special projects can constantly give full play to their own characteristics and advantages, take technology as the purpose of promoting innovation mechanism, invest high-quality and accurate scientific and technological strength, and realize innovations in data sources, methodologies, implementation cases, decision support and other aspects of sustainable development goals, and provide more reliable data bases and new research theories and methods for major issues related to sustainable development goals." Guo Huadong said.
Promoting the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has become the core task in the field of global development. Zhang Yaping, vice president of China Academy of Sciences, said at the meeting that more and more countries, regions, organizations and enterprises are participating in it and working together to promote the realization of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations.
In the future, the special project of "Earth Big Data Science Plan" will continue to carry out research on sustainable development goals, and regularly publish the Report on Earth Big Data Supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. At the same time, it will deepen cooperation inside and outside the hospital, at home and abroad, strengthen the integration of relevant research results, and strive for more scientific and technological workers to join in and make greater contributions to the UN Agenda 2030.
Produced by Economic Daily via Science Studio.
Reporter: Guo Jingyuan
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