Evaluation of agricultural information technology indicators should include: (1) infrastructure construction of agricultural information technology. Such as: communication networks, computing
machine networks, broadband, distribution, telephone users, etc.; (2) agricultural f anointed information technology and equipment. Including the ownership of computers, the number of websites wither so other communication equipment can ensure the smooth dissemination of information; (3) the development and utilization of agricultural information resources. Including the types and number of agricultural databases, access to agricultural information resources and networks, the redevelopment and utilization of agricultural information resources; (4) the popularization and application of agricultural information technology. Includes the number of users of various agricultural information technologies, the
application of agricultural information technologies in various industries by major agricultural information technologies, such as the types of agricultural expert systems and the popularization rate of their practical application; (5) the contribution rate of agricultural information technology to agricultural development. Including the value-added role played by the adoption of agricultural information technology in the gross agricultural product, i.e., the proportion of the total agricultural output value.
Foreign agricultural information technology application status quo
The status quo of foreign agricultural information technology application is mainly reflected in four aspects: first, database and network. Agricultural information is large, broad and dispersed, the current international most common and practical method is to process a variety of agricultural information into a database and the establishment of agricultural database system.
Second, precision agriculture. Precision agriculture originated in the United States, is a comprehensive combination of information technology and agricultural production of a new type of agriculture, is the direction of development of agriculture in the 21st century. It is mainly composed of 10 systems. Including global positioning system, remote sensing monitoring system of farmland, farmland geographic information system, agricultural expert system, intelligent farm equipment system, environmental monitoring system, system integration, networked management system and training system. Among other things, remote sensing technology has been widely used by countries in Europe, the United States, Japan, China and Australia in various aspects of agricultural resource surveys, agro-ecological environment evaluation, crop yield forecasting and monitoring of agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry disasters. Farming technology has been precisely localized to small plots of land in units of lOm2, greatly reducing crop production costs. As of 1999, the United States was using about 90% of precision agriculture technology, and developed countries such as the United Kingdom, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Australia, and Canada were rapidly developing precision agriculture, and many developing countries were also in the process of implementing this project. In recent years, aviation-based remote sensing technology began to be applied to farmland information collection, although in the initial stage, but the momentum of development is rapid.
Third, expert system. The application of foreign agricultural expert system began in the late 1970s, the earliest is the United States IL Linois University of plant pathologists and computer scientists *** with the development of soybean disease diagnostic expert system PLANT / ds. The mid-1980s there has been a rapid development, the United States, Britain, the Netherlands, Australia, Canada and other countries have been in the crop cultivation, livestock and poultry, agricultural marketing management. Economic efficiency analysis, agricultural market sales management and other aspects of the development of a number of agricultural expert systems. According to statistics, in 1995, the United States was using or preparing to use more than 1,000 agricultural expert systems, Japan has more than 400. From the point of view of the total amount of development, the United States accounted for the vast majority, accounting for almost 80%, other countries (including China) accounted for only 20%. Expert systems in the future research focus: the establishment of models to describe the agricultural production of non-structured, non-systematic knowledge, and ultimately the establishment of the main crops, livestock, poultry, aquatic products for the object of the production of the whole management system and practical technology system, to promote the scientific management of agricultural production and
The promotion of the use of advanced technology.
Fourth. Virtual agriculture. Virtual agriculture is a high-tech agricultural information technology products in the mid-1980s, is a crop growth simulation model for further development. It uses computer virtual reality technology, simulation technology, multimedia technology to establish mathematical models quantitative and systematic description of crop growth and development, organ building and yield formation and other physiological and ecological processes and the environment, the number of interactions between the relationship between, on the basis of which, the design of virtual crops, livestock and poultry, from the genetic point of view of the directional cultivation of crops, to change the traditional way of breeding and scientific research. At present, there are only a few research institutions in the world to carry out this
research, the research content for the virtual major crops, livestock and poultry breeding and management.
Domestic application of agricultural information technology status
The application of information technology in the field of agriculture in China, although the late start, but the development is rapid. 1979 from abroad to introduce remote sensing technology and applied to agriculture, the first to open the precedent of information technology in agriculture. 1981 China to establish the first computer agricultural application of the research institutions, that is, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Computing Center, the first computer agricultural application of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Computing Center, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Computing Center. In 1987, the Ministry of Agriculture set up an information center, began to pay attention to and promote the pilot and application of computer technology in the field of agriculture. 1994, China's Agricultural Information Network and China Agricultural Science and Technology Information Network have been opened one after another, marking the application of information technology in the field of agriculture began to enter a rapid development stage. Stage. At present, the agricultural application of information technology research and promotion of some achievements
Fruit. Built up a number of comprehensive agricultural database and various types of application systems. Among them, grain, cotton, oil-based information technology results accounted for about 1/3. such as the use of computer technology, crop seed selection, irrigation and fertilization, and other different management aspects of the optimization process, to provide farmers with information and advice, guidance
Guide the farmers to scientific planting; crop pests and diseases, yield abundance of prediction forecasts, to help pesticide enterprises to rationally arrange the production of auxiliary farmers
Science
Adjustment of production structure; simulation of different types of agricultural economic systems, soil-crop-atmosphere systems, and so on. Assisting agricultural managers to compile
make agricultural planning and production programs; according to the nutritional needs of various animals, the production of the best feed formula to help manufacturers and farmers to obtain the most
great economic benefits. In recent years, some research institutes have begun to explore the application of computer vision and image processing technology in the field of agriculture, and some of them have achieved
significant results. The Ministry of Agriculture to use network protocols for information dissemination and query technology, built to cover a wide range of specialties. Information storage, processing
and release capacity is strong. Rich in information resources and update a larger amount of China's agricultural information network, now network users have developed to more than 3,000.
According to the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Science and Technology Documentation Center search. To March 2001, the number of agricultural Web sites in mainland China nearly 2,200, more than France, Canada
Developed countries, if you add Taiwan and Hong Kong's agricultural Web site, the number of Chinese agricultural Web site can be ranked in the world's top 10 or less. The National Science and Technology
4 3 Research Program has carried out "Research on Agricultural Decision Support Information System" and "Research on Key Technologies of Agricultural Informatization". It has begun to play a role in national macro decision-making and dissemination of agricultural science and technology information. The national "863" program has carried out the "intelligent agricultural information technology application demonstration project". Twenty demonstration areas have been set up throughout the country, and significant results have been achieved. In addition, to carry out the "network agriculture", "precision agriculture", "virtual agriculture" and other exploratory research
research. In recent years, a series of progress and scientific and technological achievements have been made in agricultural research information system, scientific and technological basic database, intelligent decision-making system for wheat-corn cropping, agricultural vocabulary and machine translation system, multimedia CD-ROM application system, farm management system, animal husbandry and nutritional database, soil and fertilizer information management system, grassland information system, and so on.
China's agriculture is also one of the world's leading countries, and the country's agriculture is one of the world's leading countries in the field of agriculture.
Problems in the application of agricultural information technology in China
(1)The quality of farmers is not high, and their awareness of information technology and ability to utilize information are not strong. (2)The degree of agricultural industrialization is not high. It is difficult to form normal
information demand. Agricultural industrialization is the basis of agricultural informatization, and the two are interdependent. The industrialization of agriculture means the expansion of the scale of production
large, agricultural production market-oriented, will inevitably produce a large demand for information and a strong desire to improve efficiency, in the scale of small hours to meet the needs of self
self-needed when it is impossible or unnecessary to increase the demand for information technology, because the use of information technology requires certain inputs, such as the purchase of information
technology equipment, pay the cost of access to information, which for the information technology needs, the need for information technology to be used in the production of agricultural products and services. , to pay the cost of access to information, which for small-scale production, production efficiency is not high for agricultural production, the trade-off is obviously not
can have a large investment in information. (3) The higher cost of the network, hindering the popularization of information technology. Performance in two aspects: First, most farmers
can not afford to buy computers, it is difficult to access agricultural information. Now the average price of each computer is about 5,000 yuan to 6,000 yuan; two is the rural
Telephone charges, if calculated at 0.3 yuan / minute, plus Internet access costs 4 yuan / hour, a total of more than 10 yuan per hour Internet access fees. Farmers are difficult to pay
such high costs. (4) low level of agricultural information technology infrastructure. Performance at the grassroots level lack of information collection, processing information, dissemination of information, software and hardware
Equipment. Information network system is not sound; no information service intermediary organizations, the grassroots lack of information management can take the initiative, scientific information management
staff; information sources of poor reliability. The result is a lot of false information and outdated information to agricultural production losses; more importantly, the lack of large-scale practical data
database. Database construction quantity is quite a lot, but the quality is not high, the practicality is poor. (5) poor utility of information technology, failed to bring farmers better economic
benefits. As agricultural production areas exist in different degrees of difference. To suit the local conditions of agricultural cultivation, production, also requires information technology
adaptation to suit the local conditions. At present, the proportion of personnel engaged in the development of agricultural application software is relatively small, and the development of technology varieties are not many, poor adaptability,
plus the current agricultural application software appears to be a contradiction between supply and demand, which is more hindered by the popularization of agricultural information technology. (6) agricultural information service system has
Not completed. E-commerce to the sale of agricultural products to bring the role has not been well played. Agricultural informatization construction lack of government macro-guidance and
necessary guidance, information services have not been fully formed. On the other hand, the development of e-commerce is still in its infancy, the necessary supporting conditions and market
mechanism has not yet formed. E-commerce in agricultural products is still in the initial stage of research, it is difficult to play its significant role. (7) Agricultural information network
Lack of talent. The construction of agricultural information network needs a large number of not only proficient in network technology. And familiar with the laws of agricultural economic operation of professionals,
can provide agricultural dealers with timely and accurate information on agricultural products, the network information collection, collation, analysis of the market situation, reply to the network
users of e-mail, answering questions and so on. And due to the lack of attention to agricultural information network talents, less investment funds, coupled with the incomplete training mechanism
good, there is currently a considerable lack of agricultural information network talents, making the construction of agricultural information professional library, the slow pace of updating.