Direct sale of data and data-driven value-added services. Data revenue model is a business model for Internet companies to utilize user data to gain revenue, which can be divided into two categories: direct data sales and data-driven value-added services. In terms of direct data sales, Internet companies will sell user data directly to advertisers or other companies to gain revenue. This model usually applies to social media, search engines, online advertising sites, etc. In terms of data-driven value-added services, Internet companies provide customized solutions to other companies through data mining and analysis, thus gaining revenue. This model usually applies to big data service providers, cloud computing platforms, and so on.